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Investigating factors affecting rate of reaction
Variables in rate of reaction experiment
Variables in rate of reaction experiment
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Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid
The aim of this experiment is to find out how different variables
affect the rate at which the reaction between Marble chips (CaCO ) and
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) takes place. There are many variables that
affect the rate of this reaction such as the following:
1. Temperature
2. Concentration (Pressure for gases)
3. Catalyst
4. Surface area
In my investigation I will be testing how changing the concentration
of the Hydrochloric acid. The aim is to find out if changing the
concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the
time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is:
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate à Calcium Chloride + Water +
Carbon dioxide
2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) Ã CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g)
Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed
for the reaction to take place in order to form a product. Some
collisions are successful and give a product while others don't
because particles don't have enough energy.
Activation energy - The amount of energy needed for the reaction to be
started. If there is enough energy then the reaction takes place and a
product is formed, but if there isn't enough then no reaction takes
place.
There are two possibilities for increasing the rate of reaction:
1. The activation energy is reduced so that there is a better chance
of particles having enough energy to react. Reactants will need less
energy to react.
2. The number and strength of collisions is increased so that the
reaction can
happen faster. If the particles have more energy then more particles
will be able to react.
Solid reactants like marble chips are effected by surface area, the
larger the surface area the more collisions that will take place. This
will increase the rate of reaction and decrease the time taken.
Liquid/ Aqueous reactants rely on collisions for more collisions to
take place.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
Investigating Factors Which Affect The Reaction Between Chalk and An Acid. Introduction: Chalk is just one of the many forms that calcium carbonate can take. It is made of the mineral remains of sea creatures from millions of years. ago.
The reason I believe this is that chemical reactions occur when particles of the reacting substances collide. Increasing the number of the particles increases the number of collisions per second and this increases the reaction rate. In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate you can increase the number of particles in two ways. The first of these is to increase the surface area of the calcium carbonate.
If there is a large particle with a large surface area, and many small particles, the smaller particles have a higher chance of colliding with the larger particles. However, if there are small particles, and small particles of another compound, then the reaction rate would be slower, because the particles wouldn’t collide as easily as they would with particles of a bigger size. The third factor that affects collisions is the temperature. If there is a higher temperature, then the particles are able to move freer and faster, than they would if the temperature was lower. This means that the reaction rate would be faster, because the collisions of the particles are more frequent.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
This meeting between the two particles can only take place on the surface area of the material. If the surface area of the material is increased, the particles gather more space to collide with each other with force. With a large surface area, the particles will have more area to work on so the collision probability will be high. A catalyst is a separate substance to the ones you use in your experiment and is used to speed up the reaction between the reactants.
For a reaction to occur, particles must collide. If the collision causes a chemical change it is referred to as a fruitful collision. (Hutchinson Educational Encyclopaedia, 2000) Enzymes increase the rate of exergonic reactions by decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. Exergonic reactions are those in which the free energy of the concluding state is lower than the free energy of the opening state.
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate arrow calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water. HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) arrow CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Things that affect the reaction rate of this experiment are: 1. The temperature of the hydrochloric acid. 2.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
If this does not occur then no chemical. reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy. this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have. the faster they move and so the more energy there is therefore more chance of successful in the collisions.
Looking at the table of results above and the graph, it is shown that the higher the temperature got, the shorter the reaction time. The obtained results have been plotted on a line graph of the temperature of hydrochloric acid (y-axis) against reaction time (x-axis). This line graph in fig.2 also clearly shows that as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the reaction, shown by a reduction in the time taken. This corroborates the collision theory, where as the temperature of particles increase, the particles gain more kinetic energy and react with each other upon collision. This is shown as to happen in the hydrochloric acid, where the hydrochloric acid particles collide more with the particles of the magnesium ribbon as the temperature was increased. The above graph shows a gradual sloping curve, which gets steeper at higher temperatures. This shows that the reaction will reach a peak rate of activity as the gaps between the temperature and reaction times continue to decrease. The experiment fulfills the aim and clearly shows that as the temperature of a reaction is increased so does it’s rate of reaction, proving the hypothesis to be correct.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.
Collisions between reacting particles are therefore more likely to occur. All this can be understood better with a full understanding of the collision theory itself: For a reaction to occur particles have to collide with each other. Only a small percentage result in a reaction. This is due to the energy barrier that is overcoming.