Chlorine Chlorine is (at room temperature) a greenish-yellow gas that can be readily liquefied at 5170 Tarr or 6.8 atmospheres, at 20 C (68 F), and has a very disagreeable odor. It’s Element Symbol is Cl, atomic number is 17, and atomic mass is 35.453. Chlorine’s melting point is -101 C or 149.8 F. The boiling point is -34.05 C or -29.29 F, at one atmosphere pressure. Chlorine is a member of the halogen group. Chlorine was discovered by Swedish scientist Karl Wilhelm in 1784, but he first thought
An element in chemistry is more than just an element; at least Chlorine is more than just an element. It is very useful in many ways that help people today. Chlorine is a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; it is a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; it is used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt. People should know more about the uses of chlorine and why chlorine is used in many processes, for example; bleaching, and why we use
Element: Chlorine General Information We researched the chemical element known as chlorine. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35.453. It has a valence number of 3. The element has 3 energy levels. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Chlorine is second in reactivity only to fluorine among the halogen elements. Chlorine is a nonmetal. It is estimated that 0.045% of the earth’s crust and 1.9% of sea water are chlorine. Chlorine combines
Chlorination is one of the most used method that has been used to disinfect water. The usage of chlorine in water treatment was first applied back in 1990’s. Chlorine has been mostly used in water treatment than any other application because it is very active and it destroys a wide range of harmful bacteria and viruses in the water. Disinfection of drinking water is one of the most important and successful accomplishment for public health because it has done a major reduction of diseases that are
Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas which combines directly with nearly all elements. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant. The gas irritates the mucous membranes and the liquid burns the skin. As little as 3.5 ppm can be detected as an odour, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. It was used as a war gas in 1915. It is not found in a free state in nature, but is found commonly as NaCl (solid or seawater). Table: basic information about and classifications of chlorine. • Name:
within particles of water they are protected from chlorine treatments. An alternate solution to chlorine is chloramine. Chloramine is the addition of ammonia to the chlorine compound. Once chloramine becomes in contact with water it is known as monochloramine. According to Gerstein (pg 719. 1931) and Holwerda (pg 719.1928) the germicidal properties were less when ammonia in chloramine was present. Monochloramine lasts a lot longer in water than chlorine therefore protecting the water from disease for
Chlorine Sampling Techniques The OSHA sampling and analytical method for chlorine is discussed in reference 9.1. The principle of sampling is described in reference 9.2. The analytical procedure is based on an iodometric technique which uses a residual chlorine electrode (RCE) for detection (9.3.). The validation of the chlorine method consisted of the following experimental studies: Analysis of a total of eighteen samples (six samples at each of the three test levels) which were prepared
Estimation of Chlorine in Household Bleach In this investigation, I am looking to determine the amount of chlorine present in household bleach. However, in order to do this I would have to calculate the mass represented by chlorine in the mass of the household bleach. After doing that, I would then have to represent this as a percentage. In order to calculate the mass represented by the chlorine in the mass of the household bleach, I would have to titrate this solution, along with an
Chlorine is the most common chemical used to treat and sterilize swimming pool water. When chlorine (in the chemical form of calcium hypochlorite) is added to a swimming pool it destroys pathogens and oxidizes materials such as chloramines. When chlorine is added to water a week acid called hypochlorous acid (HOCL) and chloride ions (CL-) are produced. The hypochlorous acid is what gives water the ability to oxidize and sterilize and disinfect the water. CL2 + 2H2O <----> HOCl + CL- + H2O -Equation
Chlorine-based bleaches are found in many household cleaners and play an important role in water treatment. However, they also pose a significant risk to the health of living organisms and to the environment. Are there any viable alternatives to chlorine bleach which could be more forgiving to the environment? Introduction (245 words) WHAT IS CHLORINE BLEACH Bleaches are used as household chemicals to whiten clothes, remove stains and to be used as disinfectants, often by oxidation (Mittal,
Despite the significant benefits of pool chlorines in their capacity to kill hazardous bacteria, it is evident that some of the side effects can be disadvantageous. The general smell of chlorine can be overwhelmingly unpleasant, and the agent can irritate the skin and eyes. It is also has the capability to bleach some fabrics, potentially damaging clothing. Most significantly, excessive air pockets of chlorine gas that surround pools can be hazardous for peoples’ health and possibly even be carcinogenic
formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential
sheer number of people using the current method. Chemical Background Chlorine acts to disinfect water by reacting with water to produce hypochlorous acid. Cl2(g)+H2O(l)HCl(aq)+HOCl(aq)
require repair or adjustments to avoid accidents from occurring. Water quality Proper water chemistry is essential to maintain the safety of the pool operation. Water chemistry usually includes five big factors: pH, free available chlorine, combined available chlorine, total alkalinity, and calcium hardness. Too much or inadequate level of any water chemistry would cause cloudiness, irritation, corrosion, or even health hazard to the swimmers. Moreover, improper balance of the pool water can damage
tooth decay. Chlorine is a caustic, green and yellow gas that is attained by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Chlorine salt is found in salt water such as seas, oceans and salt water lakes and in various minerals. The most common mineral of chlorine is the halite (sodium chloride) (McQuarrie, 2007). Similar to fluorine chlorine salts (halides) are beneficial to the human body. A muriatic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), is used in the stomach for digestion and the chlorine ion (Chloride
catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen. The basic set of reactions that involve this process are: Cl + O3 -->ClO + O2 and ClO + O -->Cl + O2 The net result: O3 + O -->2O2 Chlorine is initially removed in the first equation by the reaction with ozone to form chlorine monoxide. Then it is regenerated through the reaction with
period, group, valence electrons... Chlorine is a diatomic molecule of Cl2. There are also 24 isotopes of chlorine, 2 of which are stable isotopes. Chlorine 35 and 37 are both stable isotopes of chlorine. The appearance of chlorine is a highly toxic green/yellow gas a room temperature with a pungent odour. This shows an electronic structure of 2,8,7. chlorine has 3 shells (period 3) and 7 valence electrons (group 7). Group 7 are known as halogens. Since chlorine has 7 outer electrons and is a non
conduct and cheapest compare to other method. In municipal supply systems, chlorine is used basically in three forms which are chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite solution and solid calcium hypochlorite (Cheremisinoff, 1995). Chlorine is very effective for removing almost all microbial pathogens and is appropriate as both a primary and secondary disinfectant. Unfortunately, this method will produce water in which the chlorine can be smelt and tasted by users which most of them find it unpleasant. Binnie
which Germans created as a mustard gas, phosgene, and chlorine Annotated Bibliography Duffy, Michael. “Weapons of War-Poison Gas.” Firstworldwar, 22 August 2009. www.firstworldwar.com/24 May 2018/weaponry/gas.htm. This article is useful for my research due to giving details of how the Germans used their first poison gas during the Second Battle of Ypres and new gases after. It explains how the poison gases such as mustard gas, phosgene, and chlorine affected their victim. The article is helpful due
Abstract: The safety of pool water is reliant on chemical sterilisation, to destroy dangerous pathogens. The most common steriliser is chlorine, in the form of hypochlorite ions (OCl-) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However sunlight causes drastic decomposition of these chemicals, thus methods to protect chlorine from sunlight have been created for pools. Some of these include pool covers, or chemical stabilisers which combine with the free hypochlorite ions to reduce decomposition. The most common