Dofasco uses hydrochloric acid to remove scale, oxides and other impurities that form on the surface of hot-rolled steel coils in a finishing process-a pickling line. Hot-rolled iron moves through baths of hydrochloric acid to remove impurities that form on the surface of the steel during the manufacturing process. The acid is used as a substance to create a clean-surfaced product. Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, solution with a strong odour made of hydrogen chloride ions and water. This acid is highly corrosive and is used for many industrial purposes such as the pickling process. It is highly reactive, which is why it works efficiently to remove impurities off the surface of steel when it reacts with the steel. During the hot rolling of the …show more content…
It also reduces the thickness of the steel by 80%, which makes the steel tensile strength increase and the hardness increases. The acid also give the steel a smoother surface finish, and the dimensional tolerances are reduced. Furthermore, hydrochloric acid that is used in this finishing process is regenerate and re-used by Dofasco. In an acid regeneration plant, spent hydrochloric acid is decomposed in the reactor. Overall, hydrochloric acid is used to remove iron oxides that form on the surface of hot-rolled steel. This is a great substance for this use because it is highly corrosive which means it will be more effective on the rust that forms on the surface and in a minimum time span so the actual metal isn’t harmed. The hydrochloric is very effective in removes the rust through its corrosive property, however it doesn’t destroy the base (the actual metal) because of inhibitors; a substance that is added to the acid to make sure the chemical process happens slower so it doesn’t damage the base (steel). Therefore, this is why hydrochloric acid is used by Dofasco in the “pickling”
Most substances fall on a scale ranging from the most acidic to the the most basic with neutral substances falling somewhere in the middle. Scientists call this the pH scale. pH levels are measured in numbers,0 to 14. The closer a substance is to zero the more acidic it would be. The closer to 14 the more basic a substance would be.Now what defines an acid and a base, one might ask? There are three ways of defining acids, each singling out a specific property. The first theory is the Arrhenius Theory with states, that an acid is a substance that produces the ion H+ when in a water solution, while a base is a substance which produces the ion OH- when in a water solution. Examples of an Arrhenius acid are HCl and HNO3. Examples of an Arrhenius base are NaOH and AlOH3.
2-butoxyethanol, a colorless liquid with a mild odor, is used in different paints, primers, and kinds of ink, along with numerous household cleaning products commonly found, to remove substances such as grease and oils. However, the usage of 2-butoxyethanol comes with risks as well. 2-butoxyethanol’s risks outweigh the rewards of it being used.
There were many things that I learned in Module 7 . Some of them where: what is the difference between an acid and a base; what is pH; what is equilibrium, what is Le Châtelier’s principle; and what is oxidation. Here are some of the things that I learned in lesson 07.01 (Acids and Bases) and lesson 07.02 (Acid-Base Reactions).
HOCl is a much stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite but their relative distribution depends upon pH. At pH > 4 dissociation of Cl2 is almost complete whereas at pH values greater than 5, HOCl starts dissociating and there is an increase in concentration of OCl-. The effect of pH on chlorination is shown in fig 1.1(a).
Phenolic acids are secondary plant metabolites widely distributed in foods, especially fruits and vegetables. In recent years, phenolic acids have attracted a lot of attention because they exist ubiquitously in plants and play protective roles. Phenolic acids possess interesting biological properties, (Beilin, Stocker, & Croft, 1997) that render them interesting to study. They are widespread in crops such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, grains, and seeds and derived foods such as juices, wines, and oils, (Graf, Ameho, Dolnokowski, Milbuty, Chen, & Blumberg, 2006). Phenolic compounds play a key role in thwarting the negative impacts of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species (ROS/RNS), maintaining the redox homeostasis of biological fluids and preventing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and other degenerative pathologies, such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, (Shahrzad & Bitsch, 1998).
During the nineteenth century a variety of alternative medical traditions became popular in the United States. There was a shift in how people began to view their physical, mental, and emotional health. A type of alternative medicine that quickly became popular in the United States and Europe was the tradition of hygeiotherapy. This form of treatment included hydropathy a type of water-cure treatment and combined that with exercise, dietary reform, sexual restraint, and any behaviors that were viewed as unhealthy.
Acid rain has been proven to have damage forests, fresh waters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms. It also causes damage to buildings and impacts on human health. Many people do not know what acid rain actually is. Acid rain is any form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, low pH levels, higher than normal amounts of sulfuric and nitric acid, occurs naturally and from man made sources. Forms when gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals (what is acid rain?). The only water that will not have some amount of acidity is pure water. Pure water has a pH of 7 which is neutral; regular, unpolluted rain water has a pH of around 5.6. The acidity in rain water comes from the presence of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Nitrogen and water react during lightning storms, forming Nitric Oxide. NO is then oxidized to form N02. The NO2 reacts with water to form nitric acid. Due to this, the pH is lowered to be slightly acidic (Acid Rain). Acid rain can occur naturally in the environment, but the problem occurs when human interaction is the cause of the acidic levels.
I have always been inspired by the workings of chemistry and mathematics. My studies of these subjects have developed my understanding and have made me pursue my interest in these two topics. I want to take up chemistry as it involves a large amount of mathematics which I value and understand to be challenging, yet very enjoyable, as there is always an alternative route to obtain the answer. Additionally, I am drawn to the course because it is a mixture of all these exacting subjects, forming a degree that is very demanding and stimulating. Chemists are constantly thinking of new ways to produce viable drugs containing different isomers to improve the pharmaceutical sector using mathematical equations. Chemistry is about innovation, applying information to new areas and how to do things better than they were before, the degree appeals to and fascinates me.
4. Lorenzo’s Oil is 4 parts oleic acid to 1 part erucic acid. It forces enzymes in the body to use oleic acid instead of saturated fatty acids. It turns off the "synthesis" spout in the sink. (The other spout is the "intake" spout from food that is eaten.
The purpose of this project was to discover how the pH level affects corrosion rate. The hypothesis was if the pH level affects the corrosion rate, then the lower the pH level is quicker the corrosion rate would be. This will happen because liquids below the pH level of 7 possess stronger acidic attributes. The effect of pH level on corrosion rate was determined by depositing a copper penny in each of three plastic cups, and then three different liquids by their pH levels, were assigned to be displaced into each cup formulating a chemical reaction to be observed. The results collected during this investigation contradicted with the intended result, this experiment was conducted to determine corrosion rate; Dana Puti Vingear (pH level: 4.5) 4 2/3 days, Tropicana Orange Juice (pH level 3.88) 6 1/3 days, and Sprite (pH level: 3.4) 8 days. The results showed that the hypothesis was refuted. This happened because the preconceived idea was that the liquid with the lowest pH level; Sprite, would have the quickest corrosion rate. Dana Puti Vinegar had the quickest corrosion rate proving the statement wrong, it was discovered that it contains ethanoic acid; acid containing twice the amount of carbon dioxide than a regular acid. To further understand this topic, future research could include; how does the amount of liquid incorporated affect the corrosion rate, how does the temperature of the liquid affect the corrosion rate, and how does the purity of iron affect the corrosion rate?
Ellycia R Harrould-Kolieb and Dorothée Herr co-wrote the article Ocean Acidification and Climate Change: Synergies and Challenges of Addressing both under the UNFCCC which was published in the 2012 Journal of Climate Policy. The article describes how the release of climate-change-causing carbon dioxide into our atmosphere is causing ocean acidification but through international policies the effects of ocean acidification can be mitigated.
Acid rain is becoming an increasing dilemma due to pollution made from erupting volcanoes, rotting vegetation, and most importantly, the burning of fossil fuels. It has been linked to the corruption of lakes and streams, a decrease in fish and wildlife populations, and human health risks. Not only does it endanger aquatic fish and wildlife but acid rain is also known for the destruction of man-made structures. This phenomenon is becoming a growing concern as the consequences of human pollution are being observed through it. Although the results of acid rain cannot be negated, there are precautions that can be taken in order to prevent further destruction of the environment.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong and corrosive acid that is often used as a reagent in laboratories.
The ph scale can be used to determine how strong an acid is. One meaning the acid is very strong and six meaning the acid is very weak. Some examples of acids are in the table below
Acid rain has a harmful impact on the environment which is a serious environmental problem that affects large parts of the United States and Canada. Acid rain is particularly damaging to lakes, streams, forests and the plants and animals that live in these ecosystems. Acid rain is referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. They are oxidized in the air until they are converted to sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids are then captured by raindrops which fall to the earth as acid precipitation. This process is called deposition. We know this as acid rain, but we can have acidic snow or hail and even acidic dust particles falling from the sky. It can occur in natural resources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides resulting from fossil fuel combustion.