The Internet references I used to research my first essay topic, Intelligence is what Intelligence Tests Measure, are as follows:
Anonymous, (1999). Controversy follows psychological testing. APA Monitor Online, 30 (11) [on-line]. http://www.apa.org/monitor/dec99/ss4.html. Accessed 4 November 2001. ,
Garrigan, K & Plunker, J. (2001) Intelligence Theory and Testing – Hot Topics [on-line]. http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/emerging.html. Accessed 4 November 2001. , AND
Yekovich, Frank R. (1994). Current Issues in Research on Intelligence [on-line]. http://www.ed.gov/database/ERIC_Digests/ed385605.html. Accessed 4 November 2001. .
I used the search engines Google, Yahoo, and Hotbot to find these web pages. I also found many other web pages on other search engines pertaining to my essay subject, but only used the three pages shown above. I tried to use a wide variety of search engines to get a wide variety of search responses. I found that most search engines reproduce many of the same pages. Out of the search engines used, I found that Google was the easiest and had the most responses. Not all of these responses were valid, hence the reason for using more then one search engine. To determine the validity of the web pages used in my essay I researched the validity of the organization that posted the web page and the authors or journals the authors were writing for.
The first page listed in the reference section above was from the American Psychological Association. Since the American Psychological Association is a recognized organization, I assumed all information given here was accurate and trustworthy. The second page listed in the reference section above was from Indiana University’s web page. The course instructors posted the page for their own psychology students. Because the information on this page is for psychology students at a credible university, I could assume that this web page was reliable. The information provided on this web site is similar with information I have read on other sites and corresponds with information given to us in our lectures. I felt that these were two more factors that proved the reliability of this web page. The third and final page listed in the references above was from a credible digest and it was located on an “.ed.gov” web page. Because it was on an “.ed.gov” page, this means it was created as an education site by the government. Based on that fact and the fact that the digest is a reliable digest I concluded it was a reliable and trustworthy resource to use in my essay.
Every civilization in history has had rules, and citizens who break them. To this day governments struggle to figure out the best way to deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes. Imprisonment has historically been the popular solution. However, there are many instances in which people are sent to prison that would be better served for community service, rehab, or some other form of punishment. Prison affects more than just the prisoner; the families, friends, employers, and communities of the incarcerated also pay a price. Prison as a punishment has its pros and cons; although it may be necessary for some, it can be harmful for those who would be better suited for alternative means of punishment.
According to Howard Gardner (1991), every individual is born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. It is unfair to teach and/or assess an individual with a standard guideline or benchmark. This is mainly because every individual possess a different intellectual strength and different kinds of mind that learn, perform and understand in a different ways which is difficult to be changed. If an individual cannot understand the way we communicate, we should communicate in the way they can understand. Howard Gardner (1983), in his Multiple Intelligence Theory, proposes that human intelligence has seven dimensions that should be acknowledged and developed by the encouragement of learning and self-development and
Although the Daphnia are very small and seem pointless if they no longer exist, they serve as two important roles to life.
Nowadays, complementary alternative medicine is very popular in the United States. It is widely used by adults and children. National health statistic reports done in 2007 shows that 38.3% of adults and 11.8% of children use some form of alternative medicine (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). But why is this happening? Why is it becoming so popular? Why are more people turning to it? Many times, this is because conventional medicine has not work and they want to try an alternative. That is the case of the author of this paper.
For many centuries, humanity has been on an eternal quest for cures and treatments for many chronic conditions. At the present time, conventional medicine is mostly performed by doctors and other health care professionals, with the extensive use of pharmaceutical drugs, surgery or radiation treatments for disease treatment. Conversely, even though not as popular, complementary and alternative medicine and treatment options are slowly gaining popularity and becoming an addition to traditional medicine.
There has been a growing trend over the past few years in health care using Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) or also known as Eastern medicine. The new and emerging type of health care has been around for thousands of years, but in recent years have been more accepting in Western culture. CAM is described as, “a wide range of practices, technologies and treatments not traditionally associated with the medical professions or medical curriculum” (Solomon & Adams, 2015). There are many different types of CAM health care. Some of the more popular practices include acupuncture, massage therapy, aromatherapy, reflexology, chiropractic and herbal remedies. Each of these therapies are used in different ways to help with the overall
Since the early 2010s, the situation is stable and the jail population has begun to decrease (from 758 per 100 000 people incarcerated in 2008 to 710 in 2012), but remains at a unique high level, in comparison France has a rate of 123 per 100 000. If incarceration gave the image of reducing crime which was at a very high levels in the 90s, the correlation has never been rigorously established and the "returns" of this policy are now much more controversial, including in terms of public safety. Number of research shows that the effects of mass incarceration are complex and highly problematic. Regarding rehabilitation, prisons become a way to develop criminal values and attitudes. If we look at the environment of prison : long isolation from society, from constructive relationships with parents or relatives, and positive responsibilities such as getting a job or taking care of a family do not favor a good reintegration in society. If prison and confinement are considered the only way to protect society from criminals, some countries have shown that there were other alternatives to achieve this
run on sentences. They have changed dramatically over the semester. Before this semester I knew run ons were my biggest struggle. I never really thought it was an important aspect of literacy. My teachers would tell me that my biggest struggle was run ons. But never did anything to make me improve my struggle. They never motivated to even try to change my habit. It wasn’t until college English when realized that In order to write good essays, I have to fix my run on habits.
Throughout psychological research there are many psychometric theorists with a range of significant theories for intelligence, examples include; Charles Spearman and his theory of ‘g’ in 1927, Cattell’s 1963 theory of fluid ‘Gf’ and crystallized intelligence ‘Gc’, John Carroll’s 1997 three tiered model of intelligence, Sternberg’s layperson’s definition, Howard Gardner’s 1983 theory of multiple intelligence and Salovey and Mayer’s 1990 theory of emotional intelligence.
Price Waterhouse v. Ann B. Hopkins: Amicus curiae brief for the American Psychological Association. (1991). American Psychologist, 46(10), 1061–1070. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.46.10.1061
Kamphaus, R. W., Winsor, A. P., Rowe, E. W., & Kim, S. (2005). A history of intelligence test
Other Sources: Armstrong, Thomas. Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1994.
On the ‘nature’ side of the debate is the psychometric approach, considered to be the most dominant in the study of intelligence, which “inspired the most research and attracted the most attention” (Neisser et al. 1996, p. 77). It argues that there is one general (‘g’) factor which accounts for intelligence. In the 1880s, Francis Galton conducted many tests (measuring reaction times to cognitive tasks), (Boundless 2013), in order to scientifically measure intelligence. These tests were linked to the eugenic breeding programme, which aimed to eliminate biologically inferior people from society. Galton believed that as intelligence was inherited, social class or position were significant indicators of intelligence. If an individual was of high social standing, they would be more intelligent than those of a lower position. However he failed to show any consistency across the tests for this hypothesis, weakening his theory that social class correlated with intelligence. Nevertheless, his creation of the intelligence test led many to continue to develop...
Visser, B. A., Ashton, M. C., & Vernon, P. A. (2006). g and the measurement of multiple intelligences: A response to Gardner. Intelligence, 34(5), 507-510.
This is an essay about the different theories of intelligence; it will discuss which theory is best at determining intelligence in my opinion. The information provided will help describe the pros and cons of each of the theories being used to define intelligence, explain why is it important to assess children’s intelligence, and discuss the type of intelligence I possess. The different theories of intelligence are complex and understanding the elements of each can help an individual choose the one that they believe is the best for determining intelligence. Comparing the positive and the negative elements of each theory of intelligence will allow an individual to see both sides of the theory and the flaws that may be twisted