How Hydrogen Peroxide Affects the Rate of Reaction of the Enzyme Catalase
Introduction:
Catalase, like all enzymes, is made up of protein molecules. It can be found in the cytoplasm of living tissue. It speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide, a metabolic waste product, into water and oxygen that can safely be removed from the cell.
The type of reaction involved is known as a catabolic reaction (i.e. substrate broken down.)This is simply because the substrate enters the active site and is broken down, and leaves as 2 separate products, in this case water and oxygen:
2H2O2> 2H20 + O2
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Like all enzymes, the rate at which the enzyme works is affected by many variables.
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The maximum produced in my second experiment was 2.6. But this can be explained by how long the enzyme had to react. It takes much longer to reach maximum velocity with a competitive inhibitor present and therefore I believe that if I had left the experiment going the same levels of oxygen would have been produced as in the first experiment. These findings follow my prediction, other than the 90% readings. According to my prediction, even with an inhibitor present the 90% concentration readings should have been higher than the 80% concentration readings. As stated above this could be because that the enzyme concentration is the limiting factor. But the figures actually drop from 80% concentration to 90%. This could be explained because there are so many substrate molecules competing for the active sites of the enzyme molecules that they actually start to block the site. Therefore there is a slight decrease in oxygen produced.
I believe that the inhibitor in the nitrate solution was a competitive one. This because if it was a non-competitive the reaction rate would have risen as concentration rises only for a short while, and then
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(see evaluation)
Evaluation:
My experiment went very well and I got a good set of results, which I could base my conclusion on.
The accuracy and observations of my experiment, I felt was consistently good. All of my readings were to a degree of accuracy that I felt was adequate. All weight measurements of the celery were 3g, +/- 0.15g. I felt this was accurate enough for my purposes; a size difference of 0.3g at the most would not have made considerable difference. My measurements of oxygen given off were all to 0.1 cc and throughout my experiment I used the most accurate glass measuring cylinder available.
I did not have many anomalous results. But both experiment numbers 2, in the two variable tests (shown in red in the results table) seem to be of a generally lower value than results 1&3. Both these experiments were carried out on the same day. There could have been a number of reasons why these anomalous results occurred:
* My teacher supplied the celery I used for my experiments. It had been purchased from various supermarkets in the area. It
For example, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and temperature could all be factors that affected the chemical reactions in our experiment. The concentration of substrate, in this case, would not have an affect on how the bovine liver catalase and the yeast would react. The reason why is because in both instances, the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) concentration was 1.5%. Therefore, the hydrogen peroxide would saturate the enzyme and produce the maximum rate of the chemical reaction. The other factor that could affect the rate of reaction is enzyme concentration. Evidently, higher concentrations of catalase in the bovine liver produced faster reactions, and the opposite occurs for lower concentrations of catalase. More enzymes in the catalase solution would collide with the hydrogen peroxide substrate. However, the yeast would react slower than the 400 U/mL solution, but faster than the 40 U/mL. Based on this evidence, I would conclude that the yeast has a higher enzyme concentration than 40 U/mL, but lower than 400
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
In this experiment the enzyme peroxidase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide were not mixed initially, instead they were both placed in separate tubes and were incubated at a specific temperature, to prevent hydrogen peroxide from undergoing any reaction with peroxidase until they both acquire the required temperature.
oxygen. Before I do this I must do a preliminary plan to see what my
The Effect of pH on the Activity of Catalase Planning Experimental Work Secondary Resources Catalase is a type of enzyme found in different types of foods such as potatoes, apples and livers. It speeds up the disintegration of hydrogen peroxide into water because of the molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but it remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
Abstract: Enzymes are catalysts therefore we can state that they work to start a reaction or speed it up. The chemical transformed due to the enzyme (catalase) is known as the substrate. In this lab the chemical used was hydrogen peroxide because it can be broken down by catalase. The substrate in this lab would be hydrogen peroxide and the enzymes used will be catalase which is found in both potatoes and liver. This substrate will fill the active sites on the enzyme and the reaction will vary based on the concentration of both and the different factors in the experiment. Students placed either liver or potatoes in test tubes with the substrate and observed them at different temperatures as well as with different concentrations of the substrate. Upon reviewing observations, it can be concluded that liver contains the greater amount of catalase as its rates of reaction were greater than that of the potato.
Investigate the Effect of pH on Immobilised Yeast Cells on the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide
Investigating Factors that Affect the Rate of Catalase Action Investigation into the factors which affect the rate of catalase action. Planning Aim: To investigate the affect of concentration of the enzyme catalase on the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme: Catalase is an enzyme found within the cells of many different plants and animals. In this case, it is found in celery.
The Effect of a Catalase on the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide Aim To follow the progress of a catalysed reaction by measuring the volume of gas produced as the reaction proceeds. Using the initial rates of a series of experiments I will be able to find the orders of the reaction with respect to enzyme and substrate. Also to find out if concentration has an effect on the reaction when an enzyme is used to accelerate the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
The Effect of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Between Catalase from a Potato and Hydrogen Peroxide
being used up, for that is a property of a catalyst is, it speeds up a
Many factors, for example, pH and temperature affects the way enzymes work by either increasing the rate or determining the type of product produced (). The report, therefore, analyses the effects of the enzyme peroxidase in metabolic reactions and determining its optimum temperature in the reactions.
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
Chemical Kinetics is the branch of chemistry that studies the speed at which a chemical reaction occur and the factor that influence this speed. What is meant by the speed of a reaction is the rate at which the concentrations of reactants and products change within a time period. Some reactions occur almost instantaneously, while others take days or years. Chemical kinetics understanding I used in the process of designing drugs, controlling pollution and the processing of food. Most of the time chemical kinetics is used to speed or to increase the rate of a reaction rather than to maximize the amount of product. The rate of a reaction is often expressed in terms of change in concentration (Δ [ ]) per unit of time (Δ t). We can measure the rate of a reaction by monitoring either the decrease in concentration (molarity) of the reactant or the increase in the product concentration.
Investigating the Effect of the Enzyme Catalyse On Hydrogen Peroxide Introduction The aim of this experiment is to determine the effects of varying enzyme (catalyse) on Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrogen Peroxide + Catalyse à Water + Oxygen 2H2O2 à H2O + O2 + Heat Apparatus & Diagram [IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE] Bung Potato Hydrogen Peroxide Water Collected Oxygen Delivery Tube Measuring Cylinder [IMAGE] Using the Equipment Safely It is important that we use the apparatus carefully, as safety will be an issue throughout the whole experiment. We will wear goggles and an apron or lab coat to protect our eyes and clothes. As we are using enzymes and Hydrogen Peroxide we need to be extra careful, ensuring they don't come into contact with our eyes, skin or clothes. Catalyse is an enzyme found in all living cells.