Diagnosis of lymphoma disease is perform by completing several different tests such as: physical exam in which swollen lymph nodes, including the neck, underarm and groin, as well as a swollen spleen or liver are checked by the physician. Blood sample is examined in the laboratory to detect the presence of the cancer, imaging tests is used to diagnose Hodgkin's lymphoma include X-ray, computerized tomography (CT) scan and positron emission tomography (PET). Another method to look for signs of cancer in the bone marrow is the biopsy in this procedure, a small amount of bone marrow, blood and bone are removed through a needle. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system causing the formation of solid tumors in the immune system that affects immune cells called lymphocytes, which are white blood cells. There are two types of lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the cancer of the lymphatic system that drains excess fluid from the blood that protects against infection. On the other hand, …show more content…
Therefore, being an older Caucasian male, having an autoimmune disease, eating a diet high in meat and fat and exposure to certain pesticides increase the risk of the disease. Lymphoma can be cured using several method of treatment such as: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR T-cells. Targeted therapy is another treatment method with newer drugs that block certain functions within the lymphoma cell. Lymphoma cannot be prevented because the cause remains unknown, however, it might be triggered by an infection or exposure to the radiation. Chills, fevers, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, persistent coughing, breathlessness, Persistent itch all over the body without an apparent cause or rash and general fatigue are the symptoms associated to the
Treatment depends on number of factors like the health of a person and their age, treatments can be very strenuous on the body but almost no surgery is required. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy o combined making treatment for lymphoma very effective and giving it a high survival rate.
A 54 year old female was presented with complaints of lethargy, excessive thirst and diminished appetite. Given the fact that these symptoms are very broad and could be the underlying cause of various diseases, the physician decided to order a urinalysis by cystoscope; a comprehensive diagnostic chemistry panel; and a CBC with differential, to acquire a better understanding on his patient health status. The following abnormal results caught the physician’s attention:
Hodgkin 's Lymphoma occurs when following a mutation in the lymphocyte DNA. The mutation occurs after birth, meaning that Hodgkin’s disease is not hereditary. The mutated DNA can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cancerous lymphocytes if untreated. The cancerous lymphocytes produce tumor masses in the lymph
On Sunday, a nurse on a medical/surgical floor in a large private hospital is assigned as the primary nurse to a woman who was just admitted. The woman’s testing begins on Monday and the primary nurse does not have work for the next few days. The nurse returns on Saturday and goes over the woman’s charts. The nurse discovers that the woman has chronic lymphocytic leukemia and is being treated for the disease. After approaching the woman the nurse realizes that the woman is unaware of her diagnoses as she asks the nurse when she will be able to return to work. The nurse explains that she has not yet spoken with the physician and will get back to her once she has done so. On your way back to the nurses' station, one of the woman's two daughters approaches the nurse and urges the nurse to assure her mother that there is no reason for concern. The daughter explains that her mother has just been through a painful divorce and
Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of colon cancer. Cancer cells may be removed by one of the below procedures:
If B-cell and T- cell are identified under a microscope then it is Non- Hodgkin lymphoma. If Reed - Sternberg cell is present then it is Hodgkin lymphoma. There are different tools to diagnose these cancers and different options of treatments. One treatment that was approved by the FDA (food and drug administration ) seems to have greater success in the fight against Non Hodgkin lymphoma. Most Patients treated with only Chemotherapy will reach remission at some point but eventually will die. However the development of new treatment where chemotherapy or radiotherapy are given in addition to Monoclonal Antibodies have a higher rate of success in defeating the cancer all together. Monoclonal Antibodies are laboratory engineered molecules that are engineered to attach to a specific protein that is found only in B-cell. The immune system task is to fight invaders, however it does not always recognize the cancer as a harmful invader and does not attack it. The Monoclonal Antibody are directed to attach to a specific part of the cancer, marking the cancer cell as harmful and making it easy for the immune system to identify it and destroy it. Scientists are looking to to find out the reason lymphocytes turn into cancer, why they grow fast or live longer then they should. Once this is understood the focus will be on finding a cure for the disease. There are new drugs being tested on patients and studies are being done on how to improve steam cell transplant, and new drugs are being tested. A cure may be out of reach for time being but treatments and research are advancing every
Ewing sarcoma is an abnormal growth of cells that is cancerous (malignant). It grows in bones or tissues near bones. It is usually found in longer bones of the arms or legs. The thigh bone (femur) is the bone most often affected, followed by the bones of the pelvis, lower leg, upper arm (humerus), and chest.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a form of cancer in the lymphatic system. This type of lymphoma originates in the white blood cells, and spreads throughout the lymph nodes in the body. The cause of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unknown, and it is sometimes found by chance. This disease is typically treated with chemotherapy and radiation and, if found in the early stages, the patient has a good chance of being fully cured.
Diagnosing these cancers is very tricky because they tend to have a lot of the same symptoms, not only to themselves but also to other diseases. Lymphoma is usually misdiagnosed as IBS and as a conciquece of such with the treatment for IBS usually causes the cancer to further spread and develop it's self. (Science Weekly, 2012) Just like in human cancers when finding a lump under the skin on any part of the body it is important to go the the vet and get them checked out. The most comon way of diagnosing cancers is by a biopsy, which is taking a part of flesh from the suspected affected area and testing it for any cancerous cells. Most cancers are misdiagnosed or go undiagnosed completely because their symptoms often resemble other diseases which are easier treated, and more common.
Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) is the worlds largest non-profit organization which funds blood cancer research and providing patient services and education. The LLS mission is to cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma and to improve quality of patients and there families. This is done by discovering new cures and making blood cancers a story of the past.The organizations national office is located in White Plains, NY. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society has local chapters through out the United States and Canada.
Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It begins in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the bones. Within the bone marrow is where white blood cells are created, that help fight off bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms within the body that cause infections. The disease develops to when the white blood cells are being produced out of control. The cells that are being produced do not work properly as they should, they grow faster than a normal cell would and don’t know when to stop growing. Overtime, if not treated properly, the white blood cells will over crowd blood cells, creating a serious problem such as anemia, bleeding and infection. Leukemia cells can spread to the lymph nodes and other organs in the body causing swelling and pain.
What is Leukemia? Leukemia is a cancer in blood forming cells that are in early stages of development. Most of the time the white blood cells, but some types of leukemia start in other types of blood cells. Blood cells are form in bone marrow. Any of these cells can turn into a leukemia cell, once this happens the cell does not mature like it should. The cell may start to produce rapidly and the mutated cells probably won’t go through apoptosis like they should. These cells build up in the bone marrow and crowd out the healthy cells. Typically, leukemia cells get into the blood stream rather quickly. From the blood stream they can spread to places like lymph nodes, spleen, liver, central nervous system or other organs where the leukemia cells can cause those other cells to function irregularly.
This disease tends to progress slowly over years’ time. It’s not something that happens quickly overnight. Some of the signs and symptoms can be fatigue and you might feel sluggish, your body might become sensitivity to cold. You might have trouble using the restroom, due to constipation. Your skin might become pale or it might be a bit dry. Your face might be little puffy. Your voice may be hoarse as well. It is also known that you might have unexplained weight gain, which means that the weight your gaining could be mostly fluid. Your muscles might ache and they also might be a little tender with some stiffness especially in your upper body towards your shoulders and sometimes your hips. They also have stated that you can have prolonged menstrual bleeding, and they also say that depression has some effect on you with this disease. The doctors aren’t sure what causes the immune system to attack the thyroid. They think that a bacteria or some kind of virus might set off something in your body that’s sends a signal to attack the thyroid gland. (staff,
Lymphomas are regarded as cancers of lymphocytes. The process which lymphoma occurs consists of a series of events where normal lymphocyte cells cease to mature and develop in an orderly fashion. The genetic make-up of the lymphocyte is altered, resulting in the formation of altered lymph tissue (tumours) or altered lymphocyte secretions. Typically, patients present with a painless swelling of lymph node, with or without fever and night sweats and weight loss.
Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Differences? and similarity on MedicineNet.com. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.cdl.gov http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=79261 Turley, Susan M. (2014). The 'Path of Medical language (third ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Education & Training, Inc. Zimmerman, K. A. & Co.,