1.1 Groupers
Groupers are commonly distributed in tropical and warm waters in all over the world. Groupers are large-mouthed and heavy bodied fish that tend to remain in discrete areas. They have a very high market demand and sold at good price. In Malaysia, the commercial catch of Giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, can reach up to MYR100 per kilogram. Groupers are very famous and are commonly exported in live condition to many contributing countries including Chine, Japan, Taiwan and United States. E. lanceolatus is known as one of the two largest species of groupers where other one is E. itajara of the Atlantic. The diameter of a fresh fish eggs is from 2 to 3mm. Small juveniles of E. lanceolatus usually at 12cm standard length and the large adults are usually can grow up to 160 to 230 cm and its body is darker when compared to the juvenile (Heemstra & Randall, 1993).
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Vibrio species are commonly found in culture facilitates all over the world. Vibrio-related infections frequently occur in hatcheries, but epizootics are also common in pond reared fish species. Vibriosis is caused by the gram-negative family Vibrionaceae bacteria. Outbreaks occur when the environmental factors is changed and triggered the rapid multiplication of bacteria (Sizemore & Davis, 1985). Some of the environmental factors are when the temperature of the water is higher than the optimum temperature. Other than that, overcrowding in fish farm and poor water quality can also cause the outbreaks of disease. Vibrio spp. is among the chitinoclastic bacteria that associate with disease (Cook & Lofton 1973). The gills may appear susceptible to bacterial penetration because they are covered by a thin
Enterobacteria in areas of water along the Crimean coast". Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1993) 58 (2): 3–7 Wang, J. T.; Chang, S. C.; Chen, Y. C.; Luh, K. T. (2000). " Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of Citrobacter freundii isolates in two different time periods". Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection =
Trabelsi, H., Dendana, F., Sellami, A., Sellami, H., Cheikhrouhou, F., Neji, S., … Ayadi, A. (2012). Pathogenic
The term "Asian carp" has been used to include the species that pose an immediate threat to the wildlife. While the Michigan Department of Natural Resources pose a significant threat to the biological community and recreational opportunities, in the Great Lakes region it is especially concerned with the bighead and silver carp. There are four types of carp known as bighead, black, silver and big head and silver carp can get up to one hundred pounds and grow up to five feet. Black carp can weigh up to one hundred fifty pounds (D’Arcy Eg...
One that is working with a group should know what area he or she should focus on and the purpose of the group. A group that gives support to adults who are perpetrators of domestic violence would be considered a psychoeducational group. A psychoeducational group creates the opportunity for group members to learn skills that can aid in their own personal growth (Corey, Corey, & Corey, 2014). The goal of the psychoeducational group is to help the group members gain awareness of the issues that come along with domestic violence (Corey et al., 2014). Normally psychoeducational group sessions are about two hours long every week and may last for about four to fifteen weeks (Corey
Groupon is a daily deal website for registered consumers. Every day, the company sends out electronic deals for restaurants, entertainment, etc. offering the consumers up to a 60% discount if you “purchase” that service. The problems which Groupon is being faced with revolve around marketing, and the general concept of Groupon. Not only is Groupon offering limited forms of marketing, but they are also limiting their target audience. Groupon is also formed around the concept that if the number of subscribers didn’t meet a minimum number, then the deal will be cancelled. This is making companies lose money, but it is also not giving the consumers what they desire.
The small family owned funeral homes cannot compete with the consolidators because the consolidators offer the consumer every option available while the family owned homes cannot.
Group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent who have come together to achieve particular objectives. The group members must be interacting and interdependent. An individual is unable to perform all the activities. Group formation has become inevitable to achieve organizational objectives. Groups may be found and accepted by the organization. It may also be informal which is not recognized but functioning in the organization. Sometimes, informal groups are more effective in organization. Group dynamics are essentially used to increase productivity and profitability of an organization.
The forming, storming, norming, performing model of team development was first introduced by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. He argued that these phases are all necessary and inevitable for the team growth, overcoming challenges and tackling problems, finding solutions, planning work and delivering results. Tuckman later added a fifth phase, adjourning, which is referred to by some as the mourning stage, which involves completing the task and breaking up the team. (Wikipedia, 2005) All teams, whether social, academic, or professional go through these five phases during team development (more permanent teams may not immediately face the adjourning phase) either consciously or subconsciously and the cycles are repeated throughout the life of the team.
Water-borne transmission refers to diseases that are acquired via usually contaminated freshwater. Infection occurs during bathing, swimming, drinking, preparing of food, or in the consumption of food that has been infected with a water-borne pathogen. Most of water-borne pathogens are protozoa, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Common examples of water-borne pathogens are Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholerae, and Legionella pneumophila, along with man...
Biofilms are formed on almost any surface that is submerged in non-sterile water. Even hot springs, and glaciers. Examples of common places where biofilms are found are pipes, hulls of ships, porcelain surfaces of toilet bowls, wood siding, shower tiles, plastics, wooden cutting boards, vases, marine and fresh water environments, soft tissue surfaces in living organisms, contact lenses, mascara brushes, eye care solutions, and artificial fingernails. A sufficient amount of moisture, nutrients, and a large smooth surface must be present for a biofilm to form. The more nutrients there are, chances are, the more rapid the development will be.
Principals of Group Dynamics With Thomason Health System establishing an on-boarding team to facilitate the implementation of an electronic medical record system, it is important to take into consideration group dynamics. Groups can be made up of different individuals that are coming together to accomplish a specific goal. " Group dynamics" refers to the attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of a group. Group dynamics concern how groups form, their structure and process, and how they function" (Advameg, n.d.) In developing teams it is a good idea to have a basic sense of the various stages that occur when establishing a team and having awareness throughout the stages helps leadership understand the reasons for team members behaviors that occurred throughout each stage and helps guide these members to moving onto the next stage.
When an organization is looking for new creative ideas, they should ask their employees. The employees of the organization have an in depth look and are more understanding to the needs of the organization because it is where they work and are involved. Managers can call on a group of employees and together, they can come up with solutions for the organization. “Group decision making is a type of participatory process in which multiple individuals acting collectively, analyze problems or situations, consider and evaluate alternative courses of action, and select from among the alternatives a solution or solutions” (Group Decision Making, n.d.,para.1).
The most commonly recognized food borne infections are those caused by the bacteria Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli 0157:H7, and by a group of viruses called Calicivirus, also know as the Norwalk viruses. “Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment, but not all bacteria cause disease in humans.” (Schmutz 1)
Working together with other people for an assignment can be a challenging task in some cases but luckily, I worked well with my group members. The decisions we made were anonymous although we paced ourselves individually when it came to completing our separate parts of the essay. As a group I believe that we connected well on an interpersonal level as all four of us were able to make alterations to any problem together . Furthermore, we did not give each other a chance to get angry at one another as we knew that this would only cause conflict that would disrupt our flow as a group. There was an equal divide in the amount of work that we all did; our contributions were fair and no one was lacking behind. In addition, my group members were great at keeping each other informed if one of us were not able to attend a group meeting; emails were sent out informing us what we missed and ideas that were formulated. Everyone in my group worked according to deadlines and in synchronization with each other; we did not have to nag anyone to complete work or wait on a member to complete their task.
Ichthyologists say that there are more than 32,000 species of fishes discovered on Earth so far which is more than all the amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined. Still, new species are being discovered almost every day. Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain unexplored. It is predicted that there might be more species of fish which are hidden from the eyes of humans till now. All fish differ in sizes. A fish can be as big as a 51 ft long Whale/Shark or as small as an 8mm Stout infant fish. Common type of fish include; gold-fish, Drum, Spadefish, Trout, Skate, Thalla, Tuna, Hogfish, Wahoo, Grunt, Monkfish, Roughy etc. Some organisms which are considered to be a fish actually do not fall into the category of fish. Examples include; shellfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish and jellyfish.