In Kuiken, S. et AL (2003) study, they had theorized that fluoxetine (Prozac), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has visceral analgesic properties, leading to increased sensory thresholds during rectal distention and improvement of symptoms, in particular in IBS patients with visceral hypersensitivity. They had imagined that this effect would be more prominent in patients with decreased sensory thresholds, or visceral hypersensitivity, in comparison with patients with normal rectal sensitivity. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G. (2003).
Kuiken, S. et AL (2003) studied the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine or placebo on rectal sensitivity in 40 consecutive, nondepressed IBS patients. A minimum work-up to exclude organic disease
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et AL (2003), study the primary end points were the thresholds for discomfort/ pain during rectal distention. Secondary end points were abdominal pain scores and individual gastrointestinal symptoms, global symptom relief, and psychological symptoms. Since hypersensitivity is best elicited by rapid, phasic distention protocols, they had used the threshold for discomfort/pain obtained during phasic distention to determine hypersensitivity to rectal distention. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G. (2003). Hypersensitivity was defined as a threshold for discomfort/pain during phasic distention of less than the 10th percentile of HV. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G. …show more content…
However, fluoxetine did not significantly alter the mean threshold for discomfort/pain compared with placebo, either in hypersensitive or in normosensitive patients. In addition, individual discomfort thresholds remained unaltered during both treatments, both in normosensitive and hypersensitive patients. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G. (2003).
In addition, no effect on IBS symptoms could be demonstrated in the entire group of treated patients. However, in patients with hypersensitivity to rectal distention, fluoxetine reduced the number of patients reporting significant abdominal pain, which was not observed in patients with normal rectal sensitivity. Future, larger clinical trials are certainly required to confirm this. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G. (2003). Therefore in their study, Kuiken et al (2003) believed that fluoxetine does not change rectal sensitivity and symptoms in IBS patients and the beneficial effects of fluoxetine for IBS seem limited. (Kuiken, S. D., Tytgat, G.
The “Rectal Rocket” suppository is designed to treat hemorrhoids in 3 days or less**. It is more effective than a traditional suppository because of its unique design and comfort fit. It remains positioned for many hours to soothe and treat the enlarged and swollen tissue without getting lost in the rectum. The contoured top portion of the suppository is inserted into the rectum and treats internal hemorrhoids, while the larger flared base of the suppository remains on the outer surface of the anus to treat external hemorrhoids.
The SMART goal for the patient’s diagnosis of diarrhea is that the patient will defecate formed, soft stool every 1 to 3 days and will express relief of cramping with little or no diarrhea. The intervention to meet this smart goal is the administration of fidaxomicin, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, to treat the infection of Clostridium difficile (Sears, 2013). Another nursing intervention for the treatment of diarrhea is assessing the patient for sodium and potassium loss, as well as explaining the prevention methods to avoid the spread of excessive diarrhea (Mitchell, 2014). The nurse must also provide proper skin integrity care to the peritoneal are and make the environment safe and easy for access to the bathroom. The SMART goal for the patient’s diagnosis of acute pain is that the patient will state relief of pain in abdominal area after treatment with opioids in a 24hr period. The nursing intervention for acute pain is the administration of opioids as well as positioning to keep patient in as much comfort as possible and take pressure off of the abdominal area. The nurse must also assess the patient’s vital signs and pain level
The range of medications from anti-inflammatory to opioids is extreme, and have different effects on the human body. Medical professionals have to make the decision whether to give a patient a lower grade pain management drug or a higher grade drug, and they are the ones who have to determine how much pain the patient truly is in when most of a patient 's pain in unseen to the physical eye. “Pain as a presenting complaint accounts for up to 70% of emergency department visits, making it the most common reason to seek health care. Often, it is the only reason patients seek care,” and with this knowledge health care professional need to treat each patient equally in the sense that they are the emergency room or a physician 's office for a reason, and that reason is to relieve the pain they are in (American College of Emergency Physicians Online). The article from the American College of Emergency Physicians continues on to say that, “it is the duty of health care providers to relieve pain and suffering. Therefore, all physicians must overcome their personal barriers to proper analgesic administration,” this is in regards to medical professional who are bias toward specific patients, such as “frequent flyers” or even patients of certain class standing; no matter what their patient may look like or be like they must be treated equally and
Jeremy Laurance’s article “Ketamine: a cure for depression?” published in The Independent in October 2012, sanctions the use of a drug of abuse called ketamine for the treatment of depression. The author supports this theory by stating a study completed by Robert Dunman, a professor of Psychiatry and Neurobiology at Yale University School of Medicine in Boston. The following paragraph will summarise the main points of the article and discuss the evidence used by the author.
Antidepressants are FDA approved drugs given to patients to alleviate symptoms, most commonly anxiety and depression. There are many people who are skeptical about the use of these drugs and if they really work as a benefit toward the people taking them. There are many pros to taking the medications, but there are also cons. This is why users of these drugs have to be aware of the side effects in order to get the full use of the medicine. Research shows that the benefits of antidepressants outweigh the negative long term effects, but only if they are taken in moderation.
The purpose of Ulcerative Colitis medications is to reduce inflammation in the colon, therefore giving the tissue a window to heal.
Vesa, Tuula H, Leena M Seppo, Philippe R. Marteau, Timo Sahi, and Riitta Korpela. “Role of irritable bowel syndrome in subjective lactose intolerance.” American J Clinical Nutrition 1998; 67: 710-5. 1998. Web. 12 November 2013.
Prozac: Fluoxetine Many people, both those who have experienced the illness and families and friends that have helped loved ones cope with it, are familiar with the far reaching effects of depression. Depression is one of the most common medical conditions in United States and around the world. At some point in their lives one in four, approx 18 million, Americans will experience some episode of depression. For people struggling with depression there is help available.
According to the DSM5 major depressive describes a person who is in a depressed mood for most of the day, nearly everyday. The person also has a diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the time. There may be significant weight loss or gain as a result of decrease or increase of appetite, respectively. The person may also experience insomnia or hyper insomnia nearly everyday. There may also be a consistent feeling of fatigue or loss of energy. Usually in major depression, there are feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt. It is also common to have a diminished ability to think, concentrate, or experience indecisiveness. All of these symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (DSM 5, 160-161)
I am quite fascinated by generalized control mechanisms and the role they play in the nervous system. I am also quite curious about the relationship between different generalized control mechanisms. The concept of mood and depression in particular have always interested me. I have always wondered what actually causes depression. Why can some people be in a perfectly good mood one day and then less than a week later start exhibiting the signs of clinical depression? I have always been curious about the role that experience and chemical imbalances play in depression and other mood disorders. I donUt totally understand how chemical depression can originate as the result of severe outside stressors in a personUs life. How can this stress go from simply stress in the experiences and environment of a person to a chemical imbalance? I have also wondered why certain people are more susceptible to depression than others. I am curious about whether genetics play a role in depression and whether certain people are more susceptible to depression because of the environment they live in or because of pharmacological reasons and genes. Throughout our class this year, I have wondered about the role that the I-function plays in depression. I find it interesting that it is possible to wake up one morning and be in a nasty mood even if I want to be in a good mood and my I-function is thinking RhappyS thoughts. Through my research for this paper I wanted to find out more about the different kinds of depression and exactly what goes on chemically in the brain when a person is depressed. I also wanted to do a little research on how depression can be treated. I wanted to try and determine how and when the line of simp...
Effective treatment of cancer pain is essential for ensuring the best outcomes for cancer patients, in terms of physical, psychological and social aspects. Although there are no NICE guidelines for management of cancer pain, WHO guidance should be used to inform clinical practice. Careful assessment is a critical element of the process to ensure that patients are offered the treatment which is likely to offer the best outcomes, yet without providing a greater than necessary risk of complications such as tolerance and addiction to opioids. The main outcome that this paper highlights is that “Pain is what the patient says it is and exists when he says it does” (McCaffery 1983
Zoloft was first introduced to the United States in 1980’s. Another name for Zoloft is sertraline and is in a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. At first Zoloft was made to treat major depressive disorder, but as the drug progressed over time it can now treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Zoloft is the most commonly used antidepressant because it works extremely well, it is safe, and its side effects are not as serious as other antidepressants.
The major concepts deduced from the hypothesis fall under three categories: (1) multimodal intervention, (2) attentive care, and (3) patient participation. Multimodal intervention includes the concepts of potent pain medication, pharmacological adjuvants, and non-pharmacological adjuvants. Attentive care relates to the assessment of pain and side effects and intervention along with reassessments. Patient participation includes goal setting and patient education. The resulting outcome of these three categories working together is the balance between analgesia and side effects.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.