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Magellan\'s voyage
Comparison of cultures in the east and west
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much of the 16th and 17th centuries, much of the West had an intense drive for exploring and dominating foreign worlds. Explorers such as Ferdinand Magellan and Francesco Carletti, dominate history as some of the first people to circumnavigate the globe in an effort to further exploration of the new world. When the East and the West met it was a collision of vastly different cultures that would eventually combine in forms of cross-cultural connections, working to forage relations upon these encounters, forever changing the world.
The crew of Ferdinand Magellan completed the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1522. Earlier in 1494, the Papal Bulls established a line of demarcation, dividing the earth in half; this would become known as the Treaty of Tordesillas. This line allowed Spain to claim all lands west of it, while Portugal could lay claim to everything east of it. This caused much tension between the two competing kingdoms. Placing intense emphasis on the line the two entities slowed in their quest for navigation since it limited the control of both monarchies. Later in the 1500s, after having been imprisoned by the Kingdom of Portugal for which he was formally an explorer for, Ferdinand Magellan would leave Portugal for the Kingdom of Spain to help resurge the want to navigate around the New World.
Having renounced his loyalty to the Kingdom of Portugal in 1518, Magellan had been granted by the King of Spain to embark on a journey west to find a new route to the Spice Islands. August 10, 1519, Magellan and his crew would embark on the expedition making their first official stop in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At this point in time Brazil would be considered land belonging to Portugal and could not be claimed for the Kin...
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..., (New York: HarperCollins, 2003).
Carletti, Francesco. My Voyage Around the World, trans. Herbert Weinstock (New York: Pantheon Books, 1964), xiii.
Morris, Michael A. The Strait of Magellan. (Martinus Nijoff Publishers: 1989), http://books.google.com/books?id=vqZJLAOnj58C&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=magella ns+search+for+the+strait&source=bl&ots=JtQpUQ4C9p&sig=2FI1U9kyOaBo_93SIe- 23vmbKNE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OlajUvLtMsa0ygHnyYCIDQ&ved=0CHcQ6AEwDQ#
“Strait of Magellan,” Encyclopedia Britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356543/Strait-of-Magellan =onepage&q=china&f=false.
“History of the Philippines,” One World - Nations Online, accessed September 30, 2013. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Philippines-history.htm
“Religious Life,” Library of Congress, 1991. Accessed October 2, 2013. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ph0066
When comparing the Chinese and Western historical development, the similar key events would have very different outcomes due to their different backgrounds. During the fifteenth century, Zheng He was commissioned to lead the “treasure ships” for seven voyages down the Western Seas. And, Prince Henry sent expeditions to explore the western coast of Africa. China and Portugal, the both ends of the Eurasian continent, almost simultaneously began marine navigations. They have shared some similar features, but there are actually major differences between the two. This paper will compare and contrast these two remarkable explorers. The focus will be on the ideas and circumstances that influenced their actions, and their importance in shaping history.
As new ideas traveled main trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Mediterranean, the effects of such were felt through an influx of contact between countries due to increased desire for new information and countries gaining a larger presence on the world stage. This phenomenon can also be seen through the lens of cultural exchange that took place during this same time period in Eurasia. A major component of the Eurasian trade networks, such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, was that they fostered interregional contacts that had ceased to previously exist. When a country had a desire for study or technology, they earned more respect on the global stage. This can be further examined by looking at Marco Polo’s voyage into Asia.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus was a self-made man who worked his way up to being the Captain of a merchant vessel. He gained the support of the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, for an expedition to the Indies. With the support of the Spanish monarchy, he set off to find a new and faster trade route to the Indies. Upon the arrival of his first voyage, Columbus wrote a letter to Luis de Santangel, a “royal official and an early supporter of his venture,” in February 1493 (35). The epistle, letter, entitled “Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage” was copied and then distributed in Spain before being translated and spread throughout Europe. The Letter is held in such regard with the people as it is considered the first printed description of the new world. Through his description of the nature of the islands, Columbus decided the future fate of the islands. His description of the vast beauty of the nature around him, declares both the economic and nationalistic motivations for colonizing the new world.
Many events occurred such as, The New World being discovered by European Explorers in 1492. Later in 1498, they also discovered a sea route to India in the East. All of these events contributed to the idea that the Explorers had more impact than the Reformation and Religions. Thus, the Explorers were more important because they found the New World and discovered many things. Christopher Colombus was who found the New World and Vasco de Gama discovered the sea route to India.
Beginning in 1492, Spain had been the first European nation to sail westward across the Atlantic Ocean and colonize the Amerindian nations of the Western Hemisphere. The empire that came from this exploration extended from Virginia on the
...were known to be two of the most influencial men in terms of “sailing south”. The 14th and 15th centuries in China and Portugal represented an era of expeditions and exploration. Evidence suggests that the structures and values of a society do in fact affect the way people view economic and political expansion and contact with other cultures which can be proved by ample historical evidence. Zheng He was on these expeditions to prove to others that China had indeed regained power and that they wanted to restore tribute on those who didn’t pay it. Henry the Navigator had many intentions for his expeditions. He was eager to find new resources, establish new trade routes, and to spread Christianity. Both of China’s and Portugal’s different structures and values led to the way the two societies viewed economic and political expansion and contact with other cultures.
The Scientific Revolution indulged Europeans to look at life through different aspects as well as experimenting, searching for answers (, being open minded). The rise of the Ottoman Empire meant that Muslims could dominate the Middle East, so they charged Christians major taxes for all of the goods that would come their way towards Europe. Christopher Columbus, an explorer, sought for a way to avoid the taxes and set forth by sailing west to get to Asia. Spain, England and France all looked for trade routes to Asia. Columbus suggested crossing the Atlantic believing he would hit Asia, not knowing that there would be a country in his way. Every country was at “war” claiming land and trying to colonize. A numbering amount of men died and neglected their expedition by living with other tribes and taking some for wives.
Every schoolchild knows that “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.” This voyage was the gateway to an age of exploration, triumph, and ruin. Columbus’s voyage introduced the world to a new land and many opportunities. Powerful countries immediately scrambled to grab as much of it for themselves as they could. Two of the most powerful ones were England and Spain. Both wanted a piece of the new land, a way to grow economically or to escape persecution. Even though they had similar goals in mind, England and Spain had vastly different strategies.
The age of exploration, discovery and expansion between 1500th thru 1600th had people eager to traverse the world and find new adventures. The Spanish and British motivation for exploration into the New World were similar; both were seeking wealth, wanted to discover new trade routes, and identify locations for settlement (Troolin). Although, both countries had similar motives each had specific agendas that would later influence North, South and Central Americas future.
Age of Explorations was a time of discovery of the new world during the 15th through 17th century. Many Explorers were in search for new passage ways, new trading ports, new land, new spices, and riches. The three explorers discussed in this paper is Henry Hudson, Jacques Cartier, and Francisco Pizarro. Henry Hudson was an explorer whose main purpose was to find a route to Asia from Europe, he had a series of three voyages trying to achieve this. Jacques Cartier was sent to find riches and a route to Asia as well. Francisco Pizarro served on an expedition, which he discovered the Pacific Ocean.
Geopolitical necessity drove the Europeans to explore and conquer, beginning in earnest in the fifteenth-century. New trade routes and colonies were established. Technological advances led to their success on the African continent as well as in the New World, and the discoveries made in turn led to further exploration and conquest. Eventually, as the results of these conquests became known, questions arose regarding the proper roles of government, papal authority and the rights of the conquerors and the conquered. This transitory period of European history would alter the course of overall human history and directly set it on four continents.
The Age of Exploration in Europe developed along with the Renaissance. In Western history, both periods served as transitional movements between the early modern and Middle Ages periods. The evolution as well as advancement of abroad exploration was fueled by competition between growing European empires like England and Spain. The size as well as the influence of European empires expanded greatly during this time as it was motivated by profit, religion and power. The exploration’s effects were felt both abroad as well as in the geographical boundaries of Europe itself. The political, cultural and economical influences of Europe’s early stages of international exploration affected the continuing development of European society as well as the whole world.
In 1492, Spain being the first European nation to sail west across the Atlantic, then establish colonies in the western hemisphere with the Amerindian nations. The territory reached from Virginia on the east coast of the United States to Tierra del Fuego at the tip of South America Excluding Brazil and westward to California and Alaska. (Citation) Meanwhile, on the other side of the pacific, Philippines and other islands were forming groups.
Comparison of American and Chinese Cultures Cultural differences are apparent from one group of people to another. Culture is based on many things that are passed on from one generation to the next. Most of the time, people take for granted their language, beliefs, and values. When it comes to the cultural differences of people, there is no right or wrong. People should be aware of others culture and respect the differences that exist between them.
Question Answered: Present the ways in which cross-cultural experiences strengthen a continuous development of the world environment.