Corporal punishment to modify a child's undesired behaviour is an emotive issue within the general population and for Psychologists it is an extremely complex and challenging research topic. Within my body of work I will endevour to critically analyse and summarise the effective use of corporal punishment; it's effects and limitations; whilst presenting a summary of the phychological evidence both short and long term on childrens behaviour; including two conditioning theroies whilst incorporating and shortly discussing two parenting styles within this essay. My conclusion will compare the main strengths and weaknessess of the evidence presented for both.
Debate within the media and psychological fields increased in 2002 when Elizabeth Gershoff published a meta-analytical research paper reviewing the use of corporal punishmentcent by parents. "Incorportated were 62years of research findings; 88 studies of 36,309 children to find association's positive and negative, between the use of corporal punishment in childhood (Dr D.Smith 2002)." Gershoff paper was unbiased and nonsubjective giving the psychological community and the general social arena insight into the compex research findings and this reinvigorated the psychological imaginings and sparked many more complex research papers and meta-anylitical research into the effects and effectiveness of corporal puishment and harm to the child when this strategy was used for disipline. Psychological research theorists analysied Gershoff work itself and included quantifications to her meta-analysis into Corporal Punishment.
Firstly it is important to define corporal punishment. "Corporal punishment is the use of force to cause pain, but not injury, f...
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Because the beliefs, education and cultures of people vary so much, along with the age of the child, methods of child discipline vary widely. The topic of child discipline involves a wide range of fields such as parenting, behavioural analysis, developmental psychology, social work and various religious perspectives. Advances in the understanding of parenting have provided a background of theoretical understanding and practical understanding of the effectiveness of parenting methods.
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Spankings are a vital asset in raising children. Adults who were not spanked as children as opposed to adults who were spanked may have disagreements about differing methods of discipline, but the fact remains that discipline is an important foundation of building the life of an upstanding citizen. Parents of today’s generation of children have seemed to have gotten away from the spanking method of disciplining their children and the perceived effects of this is running rampant through today’s society. Children who were spanked versus children who were not spanked behave differently in different situations throughout life. In fact, spanking your child can actually be more beneficial than once believed if practiced the right way.
Have you ever been spanked? We all have our own stories of how our parents disciplined us, we take them as funny stories and even joke about them. If you were born in the 70s, 80s, or 90s, you already know what I’m talking about and I bet many stories already ran over your minds just now. But as we grew up and time passed by, there has been this predicament about this method of parenting. “Parents feel mixed-up and uncomfortable about disciplining their children”.
Children are like flowers, if well taken care of they will glow. If ignored or tortured, they will damage or die. Child discipline is one of the most significant basics of successful parenting. Today, many people have this belief that physical abuse is in no way a solution to helping children recognize between right and wrong. Since generations children have been learnt the art of discipline through physical punishment. Often this approach to disciplining has resulted in two consequences, one is where the child becomes more generous and is able to obey what he or she has been stated, or the other which more often results in children developing a sense of suffering and wish to revolution. I believe that sometimes parents are caught in a situation when children annoyed all boundaries of discipline and spanking is the only actual answer. Therefore, it is essential to do spanking for child discipline since it is the important element of successful parenting.
Holden (2002) reviewed Gershoff’s (2002) meta-analyses of eighty-eight (88) studies and noted that there were both positive and negative outcomes associated with the punishment of spanking. According to Gershoff’s (2002) analysis, the one positive outcome was immediate compliance by the child (Holden, 2002). This result was found to be consistent in five (5) studies. Immediate compliance was defined as the child complying to the parents directive within five (5) seconds. In stark contrast, there were four (4) negative outcomes. The analysis showed a negative effect on the quality of the parent child relationship, the child’s mental health, the child’s perception of being a victim of physical child abuse, and also impacted aggression in adulthood (Holden, 2002).
Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff, PhD, of the National Center for Children in Poverty at Columbia University has been a lead researcher on the effects of positive punishment in the form of corporal punishment in the home. The 2002 study, published by the American Psychological Association, aimed to explore any links between spanking and an increased risk for detrimental child outcomes (Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses, 2016, June).
Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment is physical punishment to a child, such as caning or flogging. These techniques are used in some parts of the world. These types of punishments are usually used on smaller children. Parents, teacher’s older grandparents, use different methods of corporal punishment that are passed down from different generations. Times have changed and corporal punishment has changed, I feel like corporal punishment from back in the days was much more severe than now a days.
American Academy Of Pediatrics agrees that other methods besides spanking should be considered by parents/guardians. These alternatives will not have a long term undesirable result on children’s development and intelligence, which is the anticipated goal. This organization believes that
Parenting is one of the most elaborate responsibilities for human beings as it requires full attention of adults to be attentive with their children. Many aspects of parenting are embedded from tradition which involves the same teachings from past experience as to how children should be raised. Although this does create a foundation of education for parents, some methods taught down can also be controversial as some methods are not developmentally appropriate for children. One of the most controversial and heated discussions within parenting is the idea of corporal punishment, where parents are using physical harm as a form of discipline for their children. Even though parents across the globe still practice this method as it is the way
Corporal punishment is a popular disciplinary technique in many American families. A study conducted by Dr. Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff revealed strong associations between corporal punishment and eleven child behaviors and experiences. This meta-analysis incorporated 62 years of collected data from 88 studies. It looked at positive and negative behaviors in children that were associated with corporal punishment. The behaviors and experiences noted were “…several in childhood (immediate compliance, moral internalization, quality of relationship with parent, and physical abuse from that parent), three in both childhood and adulthood (mental health, aggression, and criminal or antisocial behavior) and one in adulthood alone (abuse of own children
Physical punishment only teaches that hitting is an acceptable way to resolve conflict. Kids do not truly understand the root cause of their wrong behaviors and not learn a lesson when parents only apply harsh punishment without thoroughly explaining to them. Not only do they suffer physical injuries from spanking but mental sickness and devastation, which is highly likely to cause negative impacts on their future life. Horrific childhood memories may largely affect individuals’ life in a negative way. Furthermore, there is a difference between punishment and discipline, which parents are usually confused about.
This essay will discuss whether it is thought that punishment is effective and whether it is currently thought to work, additionally it will examine the best ways to change a child’s behaviour in terms of positive and negative reinforcements. The issue of child punishment has received considerable critical attention within many cultures. Punishment towards children can be argued to be a very controversial area. It is argued that many people have been brought up with distinctive beliefs about punishments toward a child. A child’s upbringing is argued by many researchers to be key to how they will go on to treat their own children in the future. This can surely be argued to be a negative effect of physical punishment. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of what severe punishment may have on a child. Later convictions of violence and the evidence of damaging effects on well-being, corporal punishment has on children is overwhelming. However, it is not ingrained that corporal punishment is definitely damaging. There is also sufficient evidence to corporal punishment being an effective form of discipline, if used appropriately. It is thought that corporal punishment helps parents retain control over their children’s behaviour. This essay will consider the various forms of punishment, such as physical punishments and whether they are considered to work. This is essay will also consider effective ways of changing a child’s behaviour including the use of classical and operant conditioning and studies that support the theories and how they can be applied to real life. Classical conditioning for example uses learning through association, memory prompts the person to associate an object/ sound to a certain behaviour. ...
Corporal punishment is defined as “an infliction of punishment to the body.” My primary reason for not approving corporal punishment would be that corporal punishment creates a negative reaction from the student’s perspective plus additional problems in the end. To discipline students in a way that will harm them into non-misbehavior is not the way to go. I claim that corporal punishment in public schools should not be permitted because it is barbaric, harmful, and in no way a method to solve personal problems.
Corporal and children punishment is the form of punishment which can include beating, branding, blinding, flogging and other physical pain to restrict unbearable behavior and reforming wrongdoer. Corporal punishment can be judicial corporal punishment, school corporal punishment and domestic corporal punishment. The effects of corporal punishment against children cannot be ignored. In most of the developed nations corporal punishments do not exists (Soneson, 2005). Despite corporal and children are adopted by some families to restrict their children for doing any unnecessary activity but the negative impact cannot be impact. The negative impact of corporal punishment moves beyond its advantages.Families often implement corporal and children punishment to teach their children lesson about any wrongdoings. But punishment can hardly teach children lessons as it can influence to violent behaviors from children (Bitensky, 2006). National surveys reveals that the methods that are used in United States such as pulling ears, shaking, kicking, swatting, pinching, using hair brushes and belts to stop children from doing any unwanted behavior. These methods are applied to the children who are less than 8 years of age (Hunt, 2001). Another survey show that 35% of the parents agree to implement any one or two strategies to babies who are one year old. For some of the parents the applications of these punishments arecruel which lead them to apply suitable punishment to children which would help to change the mentality and any wrong doings (Glenn, 2001). According the data release in United States, it is been revealed that more than 223,190 students are subject to physical punishment from faculties or teachers in the year 2005-2006 (Tunner, 20...