Abstract: Renato Constantino’s Veneration Without Understanding questioned Rizal being our National Hero because he is an American sponsored hero and he opposed the 1896 revolution lead by Andres Bonifacio. On the other hand, Floro Quibuyen’s Rizal and the Revolution he is saying the opposite of what Renato said in his work. He is saying that Rizal did not oppose the 1896 revolution and is one of the major factor that compelled the revolution to take place. 1. Introduction Floro Quibuyen holds four academic degrees: Ph.D. in Political Science and M.A in Anthropology (University of Hawaii at Manoa), B.A in Philosophy (U.P Diliman), and Diploma in Community Services Work (Sydney). Upon graduation from the University of the Philippines, he was …show more content…
It has been discussed why the latter testimony of Valenzuela contains a higher level of validity compared to the former, the latter testimony was given by Valenzuela without the pressure of Spanish interrogators; the constraints of prison; and the risk of endangering the life of Rizal. The Ultimo Adios, being Rizal’s last poem, needs to be taken with serious re-consideration by Constantino and others who insist on proliferating the orthodoxy that Rizal was not a revolutionary but a true-blue reformist. Since the poem was the last thing he ever wrote for the Filipino people, therefore, his “last words” for his beloved countrymen, it wouldn’t make sense to think that he wrote something he didn’t believe in. The poem Ultimo Adios has proven to be a powerful tool in fanning the flames of nationalism and at the same time, the revolution. This has been proven by the fact that it was Andres Bonifacio himself who translated the poem into Tagalog so that it may be disseminated to the masses. In this case, it would be utterly absurd to even consider that Rizal could simply have written …show more content…
If Quibuyen had the tendency to obstinately defend the middle-class ilustrados, Ileto had the tendency, not only to dwell on the plight of the masses, but also to be discriminating against the middle-class ilustrados:In spite of the ultimately narrow class interests behind their agitation, the ilustrados managed to stir up a nationalist sentiment among the masses by focusing upon friar abuses that were universally felt in varying degrees. And so, even as the reformist or assimilationist movement faltered and died in the early 1890s, the upsurge of nationalism was such that a separatist movement “the Katipunan” was able to take root among the masses. Ileto has applied the pasyon concept to Rizal, which is also the way which the masses perceive him. Rizal’s actions, the events in his life, and ultimately, his death, define his plight parallel to the plight of Christ. For instance, Rizal’s sojourn to Europe recounts the time in Christ’s life when he goes from town to town, in search of apostles; Rizal’s closeness to his mother epitomizes Christ’s relation to his mother Mary; Rizal’s ability to attract the masses – the “lowly , common people”
Bolivar illustrates the relationship between the Spanish American colonies and Spain. The relationship could be described as bitter, at least in the eyes of the Spanish colonies. Inferiority led the Spanish colonies to the ideas of revolution. Although their rights come from the Europeans, they do not acknowledge themselves as Europeans or Indians. The people of the Spanish colonies claim to be, according to Bolivar, “[…] a species midway between the legitimate proprietors of [America] and the Spanish usurper” (411). “Usurpers” meaning a position that is held by forces which entails an unwanted or uninvited relationship. It is because of the Europeans, as stated by Bolivar, that “we have to assert [European] rights against the rights of the natives, and at the same time we must defend ourselves against invaders [which] places us in a most extraordinary and involved situation” (411). This is also evidence of a bitter rela...
The character of Demetrio Macias proves to be quite ironic. One facet of his character reveals his determination to find Pancho Villa’s army, while the other side of his character parallels the extraordinary qualities Pancho Villa had as a hero. People viewed Pancho Villa as a revered hero who pushed out foreign "proprietors" and fought for the common man. On one hand, there is the compassionate man who helped those in need and rescued orphans providing them with food, education, and a home. On the other hand, there was the ferocious general who destroyed villages and killed innocent victims. Villa was generous and helpful to his followers, of which he insisted on loyalty and trust, but to those who violated his trust and authority, he was merciless and cruel. We can clearly see the similarities of these two leaders when we analyze their noble actions. Demetrio’s reluctance to stop ...
This statement made by Marti shows his vision that racial divides will not exist in Cuban society. He believed that they all are Cuban and should accept each other as such. This view is seen because all Cubans were fighting for freedom from Spanish control, so that they could be a free Cuba. Later this view would be seen when attempting to be free from the United States of Americas influence. Jose Marti believed that Cubans were all united no matter what race, ethnicity, or political beliefs they had and that racism was a way for the Spanish to divide and rule the Cubans. Cubans interpreted this with a strong sense of Nationalism. They believed that they deserved to be free and that to be Cuban was the best possible thing to be in the world. This lead too many of them uniting to fight any outside countries control over them, as seen with Spain and the United States of America. Jose Marti’s writings and his thoughts on race lead to many feeling a much stronger connection to each other and dislike for creoles and peninsulares who are disconnected from the land. All of this lead to Cubans feeling a very strong sense of Nationality toward their homeland of
I would have to agree with Hernandez’s argument, for in his poem he concludes that
...cause of nationalism, and played a role whose importance can probably never be accurately assessed in stirring up nationalist feeling and creating a national self-consciousness."
and degrade his fellow man. The moral undertone of the story reflects directly on the Friar due
After three hundred years of suffering and oppression by the Spanish crown, and inspired by the fire of revolution sweeping over the world in places such as United States and France, the Mexican population finally decided that they could endure no more, it was time for a change! In this essay I put together some of the various factors of Spanish colonialism that led to the Mexican independence. These factors were the socio political conditions of nueva españa, the enlightment era, as well as various leaders
Middle-class protest against the long-standing dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz. Established a radical system in which elections were controlled while a handful of dominant families and their clients monopolized financial and political power in the provinces.1
As harmful as ethnic nationalism can be, nationalism can be a force for good. Civic nationalism, as opposed to ethnic nationalism, successfully unites people not by race or ethnicity, but by similar values and ideals. For example, the United States of America was upon the common ideals of freedom and equality. According to one expert, “The United States accepted men of all kinds of descent as their alma mater, transforming them into a ‘new race of men’” (Kohn). The non-exclusivity of American nationalism is exactly what sets apart civic nationalism from ethnic nationalism.
Francisco Franco’s past reveals much about the ideals behind the little man who led a catastrophic regime change and was responsible for large reforms in Spain, including mass deaths to restricting the institutions of Spain. At only 5’4” Franco was a looming character who gained the respect and fear of the people he led with global uncertain animosity from democratic nations. Franco came from a long line of naval officers, with service, order, and tradition that were traits he deemed essential in life and government. Military leadership was deep-rooted in Franco’s personal background, which fashioned the infamous persona he would become notorious for. Establishing himself early as one the youngest
Simón Bolívar had become an iconic leader for the independence of countries throughout South America. He made his way throughout
His effective descriptions of his struggles in life contribute to the emotional tone of compassion, “I grew up here. This is my home. Yet even though I think of myself as an American and consider America my country, my country doesn’t think of me as one of its own” (Vargas) and excite in the reader his kind nature and convince the reader to accept and understand him well, as he says, “I convinced myself that if I worked enough, if I achieved enough, I would be rewarded with citizenship. I felt I could earn it” (Vargas). All of his words are very strong that can win the reader’s,
The changes that we have recently experienced at the global level, this new era of globalization, has made the entire peoples relive the feelings of nationalism, unfortunately in a wrong way. Because of leaders with the coveted power, these feelings of nationalism have been conducted through the anger, hatred, intolerance, and violence.
These horrors caused by nationalism seem to be at the opposite end of the spectrum from the promising ideal of democracy. As Ghia Nodia pointed out, many analysts view nationalism as “fundamentally antidemocratic” (3). What these anti-nationalists fail to realize is that nationalism has also called force heroism and even sacrifice throughout history. Numerous people have risked their lives to restore democracy and civil rights in their nations, when they could easily have chosen comfortable exile elsewhere. Indeed, nationalism is the very basis of democratic government because it unites the citizens as “we the people”, supports the common political destiny, and nurtures trust toward the government.
Nationalism is self identification with one’s country. Nationalism is similar to religion in that it gives a person their self worth and sense of community. One source describe nationalism as as a bond and “awareness shared by a group” who feel “attached to not only the land, but also the culture, language, and history the people share (Brown). Nationalism is accompanied by loyalty and devotion of the people to a nation. Nationalist find great gratification in their history and traditions. With this sometimes comes the feeling that their nation is special and set apart from other nations, creating an atmosphere of superiority. Furthermore, through out history, the idea of nationalism has been the driving force behind those wanting to overthrow governments that are thought to be oppressive