Clinical Psychology

explanatory Essay

1674 words

Clinical psychology aims to reduce psychological distress and to enhance and promote psychological well-being by the systematic application of knowledge derived from psychological theory and data’ (British Psychological Society Division of Clinical Psychology, 2001). To this end clinical psychology has distinguished itself from other helping professions by an enduring reliance on its foundation of scientific research. Within scientific research there is always a strong debate between those that prefer quantitative methods and those who prefer qualitative ones. proponents of quantitative methods have built the standards in experimental research and in researches performed on a large number of subjects and which use sampling criteria and statistical analysis techniques. On the other side, the qualitative method uses procedures of qualitative nature both at the level of collecting the data as well as the level of analyzing them (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009). The gathering data procedures include: interviews, group discussions, observations, journals; while the analysis procedures include coding, categorizations and systematic confrontation between the categories and their dimensions. Such research is often defined as an explorative one, opposite to “classical” scientific research aiming to confirm / disconfirm initial hypothesis. Among the qualitative methods used in the scientific research we can list: Focus Group, Speech Analysis, Conversation Analysis, Grounded Theory and Phenomenological Interpretative Analysis (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009). This tension between an emphasis on a positivist science base and an emphasis on therapy and professional issues runs through many debates in clinical psy... ... middle of paper ... ...s to use, qualitative methods in drug evaluation can increase the likelihood of discovering new kinds of information about the experiences of patients and those who care for them. In summary, quantitative research method as a research tool has an several contribution in the field of clinical psychology. Opportunities are unlimited in rehabilitation to describe and interpret phenomena via qualitative study. The qualitative research method is needed in addition to or concurrently with the quantitative perspective in improving the practices of clinical psychology. Using qualitative methods in clinical practices has several advantages compared to the quantitative methods. Moreover qualitative method as a research tool has been proven by different researchers that it contributes in development of new theories and new treatment approaches in clinical psychology.

In this essay, the author

Explains the advantages of using qualitative methods in clinical context in comparison to the quantitative research.
Explains qualitative research plays important roles in developing effective practice for clinical psychology and public health interventions.
Explains that researchers have conducted qualitative studies of interventionists’ records or logs to describe patient problems and nursing interventions or to improve understanding of the nature of an intervention in its natural context.

Explains the advantages of using qualitative methods in clinical context in comparison to the quantitative research.
Explains qualitative research plays important roles in developing effective practice for clinical psychology and public health interventions.
Explains that researchers have conducted qualitative studies of interventionists’ records or logs to describe patient problems and nursing interventions or to improve understanding of the nature of an intervention in its natural context.
Explains that qualitative research has a wide scope of use within clinical trials. they can address issues such as informed consent and randomisation, and explore reasons for inequity of access to treatment.
Explains that qualitative research methods are needed in addition to or concurrently with the quantitative perspective in improving the practices of clinical psychology.
Explains that clinical psychology aims to reduce psychological distress and promote psychological well-being by systematic application of knowledge derived from psychological theory and data.
Explains qualitative researches have improved our understanding of the experiences of people with dementia and could be used to improve the relevance of outcomes to patients, compliance and user involvement.

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Positive Psychology Essay
comparative essay
Mental disorders which falls under the umbrella of Abnormal psychology can be attributed to the ability to treat and diagnose mental disorders. Based on advances such as the development of the scientific method psychologists are now able to fully and efficiently attribute the causes of mental disorders to physical and unphysical traits. The process i...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that positive psychology depends on how we decide to frame the world around us and can be controlled by our choice to see things in a positive or negative light.
- Explains that mental disorders can be attributed to physical and unphysical traits. psychotherapy was introduced by sigmund freud to help determine the root of the issue through talking therapy.
- Explains that positive psychology is a relatively new field in which psychologists try and help individuals and society prosper and live happily.
- Explains that positive psychology depends on how we decide to frame the world around us and can be controlled by our choice to see things in a positive or negative light.
- Explains that mental disorders can be attributed to physical and unphysical traits. psychotherapy was introduced by sigmund freud to help determine the root of the issue through talking therapy.
- Explains that positive psychology is a relatively new field in which psychologists try and help individuals and society prosper and live happily.
- Explains positive psychology and its goals, but how it is measured is yet to be considered. positive psychologists measure happiness by giving surveys and asking people to rate their satisfaction levels.
- Explains that positive psychology is effective through its various techniques, such as focusing on strengths and virtues, consider gratitude, and bring about meaning in one's life through external motivations.
- Concludes that positive psychology is a new field that needs to be further explored and backed scientifically.
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Clinical Psychology
explanatory essay
Clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction thus to encourage good health, good adaptive thinking and a healthy lifestyle. People working in this field research into mental dysfunction suffered by the patients, assess their cognitive state of mind and perform psychotherapy to decrease the psychological symptoms and/ or the underlying causes.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction thus to encourage good health, good adaptive thinking, and a healthy lifestyle.
- Explains that there are many sub-divisions of therapies focusing on different routes of cure/prevention. biologically, chemotherapy and psychosurgeries are available, but below i will discuss the treatments available psychologically.
- Explains psychotherapies involve the analyst fully participating to talk and understand the patient's neurotic symptoms, and thus decreasing it. some involve group or family therapies, or individual one-to-one therapies.
- Explains that clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction thus to encourage good health, good adaptive thinking, and a healthy lifestyle.
- Explains that there are many sub-divisions of therapies focusing on different routes of cure/prevention. biologically, chemotherapy and psychosurgeries are available, but below i will discuss the treatments available psychologically.
- Explains psychotherapies involve the analyst fully participating to talk and understand the patient's neurotic symptoms, and thus decreasing it. some involve group or family therapies, or individual one-to-one therapies.
- Explains how freud approached psychoanalysis with the aim of reaching and radical reconstructing of the personality by providing insight of self-understanding to patients with maladaptive behaviours.
- Explains freud's discovery that these symptoms resulted from unconscious decisions made following psychological conflicts experienced at the present moment.
- Explains that neurosis is maladaptive behaviours that don't resolve but instead avoid the under lying situation. it initiates from childhood feelings, memories, wishes, and experiences that are emotionally attached.
- Explains freud's theory of personality, which defines the psychological conflicts experienced by individuals' link to the compromises made against the forces of cognitive construct.
- Explains that the mind follows unconscious processes, such as dreams to fulfil unwanted wishes and desires, neurotic symptoms (anxiety, depression or obsessions) which avoid these underlying situations, and alternatively defence mechanisms, help to avoid beneficial pleasures due to social views.
- Explains freud's method of assessing unconscious responses based on research into mental illnesses and causes. free association aims to make the unconscious conscious.
- Explains that free association can work to identify the underlying latent desire provoking the dreams. discovering the manifest content provides important information about the unconscious thoughts.
- Explains that the analyst must act as a ‘blank screen’, meaning he must show neutral behaviours, so the patient can freely talk what they feel.
- Opines that the analyst should avoid telling the patient what is right and wrong in life, without influencing them to think in a certain way.
- Opines that psychoanalytic therapies address the symptoms and the underlying causes, but the treatment duration is lengthy, 3-5 sessions per week, 6 months to several years, and may be expensive and time-consuming.
- Explains that a modified theory consists of the therapist and patient meeting once or twice weekly, which is the alternative to the psychoanalytic therapy, known as brief psychodynamic therapy.
- Opines that patients must be willing to co-operate openly with the analyst in order to approach the underlying causes.
- Argues that freud's psychoanalytic theory based on personality is a complex concept, and that its hypothesis cannot be confirmed, falsified or compared experimentally.
- Explains the theory behind the behavioural approach, which is sub-divided into two categories: classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
- Explains that behavioural therapy is based on classical conditioning, while behavior modification therapy focuses on operant conditioning. the underlying cause isn't determined in psychoanalytic therapy.
- Explains that behavioural therapy can be divided into systematic desensitization, implosion, flooding and aversion therapy.
- Explains wolpe's technique of implosion and flooding, which requires the exposure of stimuli directly, then patient slowly calms down adapting to its presence.
- Analyzes how aversion therapy associates alcohol to both undesirable stimuli such as nausea inducing drugs and its adverse effects, thus slowly indicating that alcohol also has the same negative effects.
- Explains that behavioural modification based on the operant conditioning (reward and punishment scheme), investigated by ayllon and azrin, aims to increase or decrease frequency of certain behaviour, by providing negative and positive reinforcements.
- Explains that differential reinforcement based is effective in mental dysfunctions such as autism, learning difficulties, attention deficit disorders, psychiatric disorders or anorexia nervosa.
- Explains that a study was conducted with 44 women with schizophonia, who were in hospitalisation for 16 years. tokens (later exchanged to rewards) were given to reinforce good behaviour.
- Explains that behavioural therapy is less time consuming, less expensive, and more practical than psychoanalytic therapies.
- Explains that the behavioural therapy only treats the symptoms, but the treated phobias may develop against something else, hence does not have a long-term effect as the psychoanalytic therapy. practical therapies require extremely controlled environments.
- Compares psychoanalytic and behavioural approaches, and concludes that no therapy is the best, based on individual patients and their illnesses.
- Cites fonagy p, newell r, and wray j. psychotherapy research: do we know what works for whom?
- Cites gross r, kaplan g. b, heinrichs s. c, and carey r. j. (2011) treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: neural mechanisms and their treatment implications
- Cites mechelli a, pare d, richardson r, herry c, monfils m. h., schiller d and vicentic a.
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Medical Groups and Their Need of Positive Psychology
analytical essay
... The unfortunate result of too many well-meaning and hardworking physicians who continue to ignore important advances in psychology, particularly the developing field of positive psychology, is that they continue to struggle and their groups too often fail. It is time for the medical profession to develop new strategies and techniques which are not only "efficient," but also based on a more nuanced appreciation of how the human mind works – and doesn’t work. Physicians who vigilantly monitor the demands foisted on their personal lives while developing new practice management strategies are more likely to not simply "get by", but to flourish economically while enjoying the practice of medicine. The results will be higher morale, higher productivity, genuine teamwork, ease in attracting great talent, lower turnover, and enhanced individual and organizational success.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that our health care system has never been more complicated than it is today. many factors have created this complexity.
- Explains that organizations with positive cultures are less burdened by "politics" than their counterparts with negative culture. they also have higher morale, spend more time engaged in strategic thinking, focus on the pursuit of exciting possibilities, and attract and retain great talent.
- Opines that it is time for the medical profession to develop new strategies and techniques which are not only efficient, but based on a more nuanced appreciation of how the human mind works.
- Explains that our health care system has never been more complicated than it is today. many factors have created this complexity.
- Explains that organizations with positive cultures are less burdened by "politics" than their counterparts with negative culture. they also have higher morale, spend more time engaged in strategic thinking, focus on the pursuit of exciting possibilities, and attract and retain great talent.
- Opines that it is time for the medical profession to develop new strategies and techniques which are not only efficient, but based on a more nuanced appreciation of how the human mind works.
- Explains how changing dynamics have exacerbated the incessant challenges of medical group practice.
- Analyzes how inherited propensity for systematic errors in how we process information can prove disastrous in a medical group practice.
- Explains that positive psychology is the scientific study of factors that contribute to the optimal functioning of people, groups, and organizations. it confirms important insights about the correlation of a positive workplace culture with individual happiness and organizational success.
- Explains how individuals can cultivate a positive culture, such as giving credit to others, accepting responsibility for problems, and practicing good manners.
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Pathology, Veableness And Awareness
analytical essay
Psychology has held a focus on distress since World War II (Seligman, 2002) but it is not merely the study of pathology, feebleness and damage, but should also be of strengths and virtue. Taking an economic standpoint much more could be made from curing mental illnesses, and since then we have soared in the understanding of and therapy for mental illnesses. Unfortunately, this led to the rest of what psychology was meant to be being forgotten. With the help of the American Psychology journal and the belief that understanding human strengths can actually help prevent the damage of disease, stress and disorder, the next five years of the positive psychology (PP) movement was found with the recognition of the imbalance.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that psychology is not merely the study of pathology, feebleness and damage, but should also be of strengths and virtue.
- Explains that pp promotes techniques to improve wellbeing and a sense of healthy mindedness, preventing negative pathologies. it is complex and multidimensional in the name itself, as defining what is positive or good is subjective.
- Explains that pp catalysed change in the focus of psychology, from the preoccupation of the negative events, qualities, and niggling’s to building positive qualities and traits.
- Argues that psychology is not merely the study of pathology, feebleness and damage, but should also be of strengths and virtue.
- Explains that pp promotes techniques to improve wellbeing and a sense of healthy mindedness, preventing negative pathologies. it is complex and multidimensional in the name itself, as defining what is positive or good is subjective.
- Explains that pp catalysed change in the focus of psychology, from the preoccupation of the negative events, qualities, and niggling’s to building positive qualities and traits.
- Argues that psychology has been largely oriented towards healing mental illnesses to a neutral state, but it does not reach out further into discovering our individual positive traits and valued subjective experiences.
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Qualitative Analysis Quantitative
analytical essay
Qualitative research presents academic information I manner that does not utilize numerical analysis of the findings. Research is depicted with non-statistical descriptors and according to (Wood, 2010, p. 56); “one important sense in which the term ‘qualitative’ is used is simply to refer to the use of data which yields a deep and detailed picture of the subject matter”. Analysis of qualitative research requires the reader to examine several aspects in order for the research to deemed high quality. To begin an analysis the reader needs to make sure the information answers the research question and making sure the data is presented accurately and according to how the findings occur throughout the investigation. The
In this essay, the author
- Explains that qualitative research is depicted with non-statistical descriptors and requires the reader to examine several aspects in order for the research to deem high quality.
- Analyzes how s define the research questions at the beginning of the article. they present the findings and validate them with direct quotes from participants in the investigation.
- Explains that high-quality qualitative research must include validation of information, and address 's perspective. to validate the data, s used focus groups and interviews.
- Explains that qualitative research is depicted with non-statistical descriptors and requires the reader to examine several aspects in order for the research to deem high quality.
- Analyzes how s define the research questions at the beginning of the article. they present the findings and validate them with direct quotes from participants in the investigation.
- Explains that high-quality qualitative research must include validation of information, and address 's perspective. to validate the data, s used focus groups and interviews.
- Explains that s have created a strong qualitative research article that portrays the people places and events that have shaped the healthcare weaknesses in zambia.
- Describes the setting of the investigation including the people and the community in which they operate. descriptors depict how healthcare is delivered differently for each gender as well as age.
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Kindness and Lasting Happiness
explanatory essay
Psychology’s history is a relatively rough one and has only recently been considered a science. According to Martin Seligman (2000), negative psychology is psychology that deals with recovery and healing, using the disease model. This type of psychology has been popular in America since the end of World War II because of grants given to the industry during that time (Seligman, 2000). That time period left positive psychology, the psychology of developing ones skill and wellbeing and perfecting what is already there, overlooked and forgotten. But what psychologist have recently recognized is that positive psychology can be just as useful as negative psychology but it is a vastly under developed area. Thus many scientists have embraced the new frontier of positive psychology. I did a study on the subject of positive psychology. I took two life experiences, one that I found personal pleasure in, and another that wasn’t as fun at the time but benefited others and compared and contrasted the resulting feelings of happiness.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that negative psychology has been popular in america since the end of world war ii because of grants given to the industry during that time. positive psychology is a vastly underdeveloped area.
- Explains how they decided to spend time with their boyfriend, david, because they spend more time together than with other friends. the day had a lasting positive effect on them.
- Narrates how they found a selfless act while they were still undecided about it. they volunteered to babysit mrs. rozier's five children for free.
- Explains that negative psychology has been popular in america since the end of world war ii because of grants given to the industry during that time. positive psychology is a vastly underdeveloped area.
- Explains how they decided to spend time with their boyfriend, david, because they spend more time together than with other friends. the day had a lasting positive effect on them.
- Narrates how they found a selfless act while they were still undecided about it. they volunteered to babysit mrs. rozier's five children for free.
- Opines that true lasting happiness doesn't come from pleasing oneself. kindness is vital to having a good life.
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The Historical, Philosophical, and Empirical Foundations of Psychology
explanatory essay
Roth, A., Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. US: Guilford Press.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the three main epochs of psychology, pre-modern, modern, and postmodern.
- Explains that the church was no longer its central authority in imparting knowledge, and the ruling class and educational system took over the field of philosophy. wundt founded structuralism as the first school of thought.
- Explains that wundt and titchener's first thought concept, based on the conscious, working of the human mind, perished with the death of their father. structuralism was the basis of experimental psychology.
- Explains the three main epochs of psychology, pre-modern, modern, and postmodern.
- Explains that the church was no longer its central authority in imparting knowledge, and the ruling class and educational system took over the field of philosophy. wundt founded structuralism as the first school of thought.
- Explains that wundt and titchener's first thought concept, based on the conscious, working of the human mind, perished with the death of their father. structuralism was the basis of experimental psychology.
- Explains that functionalism was developed by william james in the late 1800s in america. it sought to investigate the relation of human behavior and the environment, and relied on observation than intuition.
- Explains that the idea of scientific investigations has changed from specialization to the interdisciplinary and eclectic period. they combine religious and cultural values with scientific data as a point of reference for postmodern psychology research.
- Explains the significance of gestalt theory, which provides enrichment to how objects were perceived and redefined through the approach of psychological research.
- Explains that humanistic psychology focuses on the person's potential to act as a whole person in the nurturing environment by choice while receiving positive influences.
- Argues that cognitive psychology generalizes science and explains the processes of perceiving, decoding and how people apply information is retained in the human memory.
- Describes burley, freier, and freeer's character structure: a gestalt-cognitive theory. psychotherapy: theory, research, practice, training.
- States goodwin, c. j. (2008), a history of modern psychology, hoboken, nj, wiley.
- Cites ibrahim, b.s., islamic medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times, journal of the islamic medical association, (2) pages 2-9.
- Explains that psychology originated from many branches of science and has applications from psychotherapy to professional decision-making. psychology was a division of philosophy until it developed independent scientific disciplines.
- Explains that the study of psychology began as a theoretical subject and later as part of biological sciences and physiology. the paper aims to study the various stages that psychology passed through to reach its contemporary status and their effects on its development.
- Explains the history of psychology, which dates back to the greeks. descartes, cabanis, wundt, ebbinghaus, pavlov, et al.
- Explains that the pre-modern era was heavily influenced by religious teachings uncontrolled across the world.
- Explains the concept of behaviorist thought, developed by scientists such as pavlov and skinner, which upheld the dominant effect of environment on the human psyche.
- Explains that freud revolutionized the field of psychology in the mid twentieth century. he proposed the role of the unconscious mind in establishing human behavior and personality.
- Explains the history of diversity in psychology during europe early schools was influenced by its cultural and religious backgrounds. the post-modern epoch saw a worldwide revolution of ideas.
- Opines that the post-modern concept incorporates elements of interdisciplinary studies, and is helpful in making informal personal and professional decisions. carl rogers provides a sound technique of carrying out effective conversations with the client.
- Explains kassin, s., danner, n, aveni, m. k, briggs, and a.
- Cites roth, fonagy, smith, m. k., and backe, a.
3643 words
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Counseling Psychology
explanatory essay
When I began my studies at the University of Northern Iowa, I had an interest in the field of psychology, but I was not yet sure that I wanted to pursue a career in that area. The classes that I consequently took and the professors that taught them solidified my desire to receive a degree in psychology.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they had an interest in psychology when they began their studies at the university of northern iowa. the classes they took and the professors that taught them solidified their desire to receive a degree.
- Opines that they are seeking a m.a. in general psychology, but have specific goals for their future.
- Explains that they are doing research in the area of cognitive psychology with dr. jack yates, professor of cognitive psychology, university of northern iowa.
- Explains that they had an interest in psychology when they began their studies at the university of northern iowa. the classes they took and the professors that taught them solidified their desire to receive a degree.
- Opines that they are seeking a m.a. in general psychology, but have specific goals for their future.
- Explains that they are doing research in the area of cognitive psychology with dr. jack yates, professor of cognitive psychology, university of northern iowa.
- Explains that they have qualified for the dean's list three of the last four semesters, have been accepted into psi chi and belong to the psychology club on campus.
- Expects graduate work at the university of somewhere to be demanding, challenging, and exciting. they consider the m.a. in general psychology from your university an important stepping stone in achieving their goal of attaining a ph.d.
348 words
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Methodology In Research Methodology
explanatory essay
Methods are techniques and procedures followed in order to gather data relating to any topic under investigation (Carey, 2013). The underlying theory affects the choice of research methods including whether the researcher uses qualitative or quantitative methods, or a mixture of both, and why (Biggam, 2008). This study was conducted utilising existing literature from a variety of sources from books, academic journals and articles, legislation and policy documents and
In this essay, the author
- Explains the rationale for the choice of methodology and method to address the research questions identified above. multiple authors encourage researchers to think carefully about the particular approach and tactic they use in their studies.
- Defines literature review as a methodical, explicit and reproducible technique of identifying and evaluating the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by other researchers.
- Explains why literature-based research was chosen instead of primary research due to ethical issues and time restrictions. raftery suggests that uasc are wary of researchers asking about their past and may have high levels of anxiety or emotional distress.
- Explains the rationale for the choice of methodology and method to address the research questions identified above. multiple authors encourage researchers to think carefully about the particular approach and tactic they use in their studies.
- Defines literature review as a methodical, explicit and reproducible technique of identifying and evaluating the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by other researchers.
- Explains why literature-based research was chosen instead of primary research due to ethical issues and time restrictions. raftery suggests that uasc are wary of researchers asking about their past and may have high levels of anxiety or emotional distress.
- Explains that a literature review consolidates understanding, brings together findings from multiple sources, and maps out the terrain of evidence. ebeling and gibbs (2008) agree that literature reviews can critically summarise the current knowledge in the area under investigation.
- Concludes that a literature review is more appropriate for this study because secondary data isn't collected for the same purpose as the original researcher.
- Explains that methods are techniques and procedures followed in order to gather data relating to any topic under investigation. the underlying theory affects the choice of research methods including whether the researcher uses qualitative or quantitative methods.
- Explains brainstorming was used to identify key words that would help in the study but the initial database search for material on uasc resulted in thousands of hits.
- Explains that the literature search was conducted by accessing the university of worcester library learning resources for books and online journals using ebsco host.
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Qualitative Research Advantages And Disadvantages
explanatory essay
Qualitative research utilizes different theoretical assumptions, such as approaches of inquiry, techniques of data collection, and analysis and understanding (Kakulu, 2014). A qualitative approach gives emphasis to the qualities of entities, processes and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity or frequency (Denzin 2010). Therefore, (Denzin, 2010) described qualitative research the definitions, characteristics, meanings, concepts, metaphors, symbols, and description of things. The research questions often stress how social experience is created and given meaning. This type of inquiry stresses the relationship between the researcher and the participants,
In this essay, the author
- Explains qualitative research, which emphasizes the qualities of entities, processes, and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity or frequency.
- Explains that douglas et al. (2010) concluded that there are various types of qualitative research.
- Explains that action research is one method of qualitative research that pursues an action that will improve a practice and studies the effects of the action.
- Explains qualitative research, which emphasizes the qualities of entities, processes, and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity or frequency.
- Explains that douglas et al. (2010) concluded that there are various types of qualitative research.
- Explains that action research is one method of qualitative research that pursues an action that will improve a practice and studies the effects of the action.
- Explains that grounded theory utilizes the same inductive approaches, but results with the goal of the development of a theory.
- Explains baxter & jack (2011)'s case study is an intensive description and analysis of a phenomenon or social unit such as an individual, institution, group, or community.
- States reeves, kuper, & hodges (2008) established that ethnography was developed by anthropologists in order to study human society and culture.
- Explains that phenomenological inquiry is appropriate when focusing on meanings and perspectives of research study participants. quay suggests that this method focuses on participants’ experiences and are compared and analyzed to better understand the phenomenon being studied.
- Explains that not all qualitative research is conducted in the same manner. a phenomenological inquiry was found to be the best fit for this project.
- Explains that qualitative data are a result of the method selected for the study, which are affected by the researcher’s academic focus.
- Opines that a researcher selects strategies of inquiry to influence procedures of analysis and interpretation. the researcher can often reflect, analyze, and correct the research during this time.
- Explains how computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software is useful for coding data and determining themes.
- Explains leung's posited reliability is an examination of the stability or consistency of responses.
- Explains creswell's view that qualitative validity is established on the accuracy of the results. researchers can check for accuracy using multiple validity strategies, such as triangulation, member checking, rich, thick description, clarifying researcher bias, and spending prolonged time in the field.
- Opines that engaging in qualitative research requires an understanding of some of the disadvantages associated with conducting it, such as the time and resources involved in collecting and analyzing qualitative data.
- Opines that in conducting a qualitative research project, an awareness of the difficulties that are often related with such research should be addressed.
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Qualitative Research Advantages And Disadvantages
comparative essay
One of the major foundation of research is qualitative methodologies. Qualitative research collect the information in the non-numerical structure; it is created to reveal target persons behavior and viewpoint that drive it with reference to particular topics and problems. It usually used in-depth studies of small group of people or each individual, participant observation, group discussions and diary exercises to guide and help the development of theories (Flick, 2009). Example of this
In this essay, the author
- Explains that doing a research project is an important part of many undergraduate degree courses in universities worldwide. students should understand the fundamental principles of research like qualitative/quantitative methodologies and primary/secondary research.
- Explains that qualitative methodologies are used to reveal target persons' behavior and viewpoint, which drives them with reference to specific topics and problems.
- Explains that quantitative research gathers data by doing surveys a large sample population in structural way. it can help the researchers collect information quickly and objectively.
- Explains that doing a research project is an important part of many undergraduate degree courses in universities worldwide. students should understand the fundamental principles of research like qualitative/quantitative methodologies and primary/secondary research.
- Explains that qualitative methodologies are used to reveal target persons' behavior and viewpoint, which drives them with reference to specific topics and problems.
- Explains that quantitative research gathers data by doing surveys a large sample population in structural way. it can help the researchers collect information quickly and objectively.
- Explains that primary/secondary research is the firsthand, original research used to answer specific issues or questions. it is easy to address targeted data to find suitable information and avoid unnecessary data.
- Explains kowalczyk (2015)'s secondary method of collecting and interpreting information from past primary research. its collection instruments can be collecting data from books and magazines, finding information on the internet or gathering figures on reports.
- Concludes that although there are many differences between each fundamentals of research, both methodologies play important role in product development. understanding these fundamental principles with examples, their importance as well as their advantages and disadvantages, authors can decide the suitable and effective quantitative or qualitative methodologies, primary or secondary research.
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Disadvantages Of Qualitative Research Studies
explanatory essay
According to Zoltán Dörneyei and Ema Ushioda, qualitative research involves “data collec-tion procedures that result primarily in open-ended, non-numerical data which are then analysed primarily by non-statistical methods” (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011, p. 203). We have performed three interviews, transcribed the audio-files and lastly analysed the individual interview by examining the final written data.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the purpose of qualitative research, which is to comprehend the lifeworld of the three selected third year gymnasium students.
- Explains that they wished to interview three third year gymnasium students, as the aim of this project is to investigate which motivational factors has influenced the students’ choice to apply for university after their graduation from roskilde gymnasium.
- Explains that the group spent several hours discussing interview questions, as they wanted their questions to be neutral while still revolving around their topic of motivation.
- Explains the purpose of qualitative research, which is to comprehend the lifeworld of the three selected third year gymnasium students.
- Explains that they wished to interview three third year gymnasium students, as the aim of this project is to investigate which motivational factors has influenced the students’ choice to apply for university after their graduation from roskilde gymnasium.
- Explains that the group spent several hours discussing interview questions, as they wanted their questions to be neutral while still revolving around their topic of motivation.
- Explains that they divided themselves into three pairs, as they are convinced that it can seem overwhelming for the interviewees to face six people at once.
- Explains that they apply meaning condensation to extract the most significant factors from the data and make them comprehensible.
1553 words
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ICT in Cameroon Primary Schools
analytical essay
Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are valuable and important research methods. Implementing just one research method may lead to limited findings of a study. Only the qualitative research methodology was used in this study and that could be the reason for some limitations in terms of addressing all the aspects relating to the main research question.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the limitations of the study, which may result from the choice of methodological approach, and limitations encountered during the research work.
- Opines that both qualitative and quantitative research methods are valuable and important. implementing just one research method may lead to limited findings of a study.
- Explains that their research experience was limiting especially in the domain of qualitative research to enable the piloting and engagement of such a huge and challenging qualitative project.
- Explains the limitations of the study, which may result from the choice of methodological approach, and limitations encountered during the research work.
- Opines that both qualitative and quantitative research methods are valuable and important. implementing just one research method may lead to limited findings of a study.
- Explains that their research experience was limiting especially in the domain of qualitative research to enable the piloting and engagement of such a huge and challenging qualitative project.
- States merriam's view that the researcher as human instrument is limited by being human — mistakes are made, opportunities are missed, personal bias interferes.
- Explains that ambiguities in languages can lead to confusion as the term integration can have various meanings to different respondents.
- Evaluates the value of this type of evaluative study in generating theory that can be tested and applied in quantitative studies.
- Explains that the focus of the qualitative research was on the integration of ict in government primary practicing school angele. the study did not determine the statistical relationship between two or more schools.
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