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Consumer behavior for women
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Research has shown that physically attractive spokespeople can add to the effectiveness of an advertisement. In the novel, Blink, by Malcolm Gladwell people view attractive humans as comforting, nice, athletic, and intelligent and this could be true, but more often appearance is not reality. Priming is the effect of one stimulus in a brain that affects another stimulus which controls snap decisions and is why humans choose attractive people over others. Advertisements use attractive models to get an audience to want the models traits which makes the product desirable.
Attractive models have positively affected the advertising business. People's judgement of beautiful humans starts at an early age. Little kids have been proven to be primed
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Models give a desirable appeal to the product being advertised which influences viewers to buy it: “When an attractive model is used, respondents have more favorable evaluations of both the advertisement and the product being advertised”(Joseph 1982). Models help promote products and the advertisements to be more favorable to a female audience. Advertisements use models to get a positive response from the audience. Females consistently compare themselves to beautiful models in advertisements: “The three motives for comparison include self-evaluation, self-enhancement, and self-improvement (Martin and Kennedy, 1994). Martin and Kennedy (1994) conducted a study that focused on female adolescents and their motive for comparing their physical attractiveness to that of models in advertising. Advertisements hone in on a woman's insecurities and uses that to get the audience hooked on the product and the advertisement. Female audiences want to have the traits models have that way they buy the products the models are promoting. Models prime all ages of women to desire the products in advertisements. The need for a beautiful appearance dicated the snap decisions people make. Furthermore, priming contributes to how people perceive others outside of
Nowadays, snap judgment can be more authentic than the considered one. In the book named Blink, Malcolm Gladwell provides several examples of what he calls “thin-slicing,” which is using the minimal information to make a quick conclusion or judgment about certain situations or people’s characteristics. In the introduction of the book, Gladwell gives an example of J. Paul Getty Museum’s purchase of a sculpture, which later turns out to be a forgery. The museum buys the Kouros after 14 months on investing; however, after displaying the statue, experts express the abnormal of it and later find out that the sculpture is fake. In addition, the author introduces the idea of “thin-slicing” by mentioning the experiments that psychologist John Gottman
Today society has never been more aware of the impact the media has on what is considered to be an attractive person. Those who are most vulnerable by what they observe as the American standard of attractiveness and beauty are young females. Their quest to imitate such artificial images of beauty has challenged their health and their lives and has become the concern of many. As a result, advertisements used in the media are featuring more realistic looking people.
When someone accidentally touches a smoldering oven rack, they are not presented with adequate time to consider every manner they can react. Within a split-second, the human will retract their hand in order to avoid further agony and save their skin. In this circumstance, the sensory nerve which perceived the pain will bypass the brain and reconnect directly to a motor nerve near the spinal cord, which will in turn cause muscles to withdraw the hand. This life-saving device, called a reflex arc, is not the body’s only underlying system with the ability to quickly recognize and react. The novel Blink, written by Malcolm Gladwell, explores the adaptive unconsciousness—a sort of intuitive instinct which is able to detect if something is awry
In his novel entitled “ Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking”, Malcolm Gladwell addresses that adaptive unconsciousness can be trained because the mind is able to predict very well from such little information. First impressions shape our entire judgement. Adaptive unconsciousness is a set of mental processes that influences our decisions we are unconscious about making. It is the mind’s instinct to come to these conclusions. The mind is able to sort out information, make sense of it or a connection, and come to a rapid, concluding statement within the first two seconds of being exposed to a stimulus.
Is it possible to know something without realizing how we know it? This is the question Malcolm Gladwell deliberates in his book Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. Malcolm Gladwell uses the results from various scientific experiments to delve into the phenomenon of “thin-slicing.” Thin-slicing, is defined in psychology as making quick decisions on the basis of limited information. Gladwell stresses that these “thin slices,” are astonishingly accurate, and sometimes more accurate than decisions that are made after long hours of careful deliberation.
In the first chapter of Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, the idea of thin slicing is introduced. Gladwell (2005) defines this idea as, “the ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations and behaviors based on very narrow slices of experience” (p. 23). In other words, Gladwell (2005) is arguing that one’s unconscious is able to find patterns in other’s behavior that, in turn, shape one’s opinions and thoughts about that new person. Illustrating this phenomenon, Blink analyzes the research work of a psychologist, John Gottman, and his ability to use the technique of thin slicing. Gottman can predict, with 95 percent accuracy, if after 15 years if a married couple will stay married. Using this critical part of rapid cognition, Gottman interpretes
When we go about our daily lives there are many things that go undetected. One such undetected event goes on inside our own head. Thinking without thinking, an idea brought forth in Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink, where your brain is processing information that you aren't even aware of yet. Some of the best outcomes are produced from this “idea”. Another huge topic in this novel is the idea of “thin slicing”. Where your brain can come to a conclusion within seconds of analyzing the situation. Thin slicing is proven in this book to be more resourceful than putting any length of thought into a situation. But in order for Gladwell to drive home his ideas, he is going to need the help of some psychologists tests to prove that he is right.
In the novel, Blink, Malcolm Gladwell discusses how unconscious thinking is just as important (If not more) as conscious thinking. “Thin-slicing”, a process of accessing an situation, with very little information, within a couple of seconds (23). Throughout Blink, Gladwell uses multiple examples to argue three main points that underline why sometimes those first two seconds of looking are the most significant in good decision making: less is better, intuition vs experience, & awareness.
Advertisers aim for an attractive advertisement depends on what audience they wanted to aim for. This is a way to make a good way of attracting people to make efficient money by using stereotypes, and psychologically
...r young, impressionable mind will have been exposed to more than 77,000 advertisements, according to an international study. Last week, it confirmed the link between the images of female perfection that dominate the media and increasing cases of low self-esteem among young women..” (Shields,2007). The propaganda techniques such as liking, sex appeal, and celebrity endorsements are used in advertisements constantly. Commercials on television, billboards, magazines, and various other advertisement types are everywhere you look in America, and sadly it has become very important for women of all ages to try to be perfect. We come into contact with these messages every day, and the beauty industry is getting bigger and bigger. Propaganda has molded our worldly perception of beauty and will only continue to hurt us and gain from our lack of self-esteem if we allow it to.
One industry that has its toughest critics is advertisements. Victoria’s Secret is a nationwide brand that is known for its sexy, slim, beautiful women promoting their lingerie line. Does anyone ever closely look at the details of the models in the commercials? Victoria Secret is very good at slow motion movement, seductive looks, and camera shots at every model. Models that are used in their commercials tend to be very beautiful, radiant skin, blowing hair, and slim body that will draw more attention to their products. It is insane how a seductive commercial can have so much influence and can increase sales. Commercials also uses famous celebrities who has a excellent body image and a big fan base to promote their brand. Cindy Crawford’s Meaningful Beauty products advertise using women who has stressed over having wrinkles and age spots who tried everything to get rid of the unwanted. She used before and after pictures of each client but stressed that the clients feel and look better after using her products. JC Penney’s commercial always use women who are overly happy wearing their apparel and also give incentives while purchasing their apparel. Rihanna was featured in the Puma brand apparel and how great she felt wearing their clothing to train. With women products being advertised, commercials feature women to be happy,
As of the modern day, advertising is everywhere; it is on our televisions, we hear it on the radio and we see it on cars and trucks. Advertising can take many forms, one of which is propaganda. Propaganda techniques are useful in persuasion and drawing people to a certain cause, but mostly we hear of propaganda being used in times of war. However, the Dove’s Real Beauty campaign is a modern day example of propaganda that uses many known techniques of persuasion. This campaign is very prevalent in today’s society because it targets body image among women; more specifically, the campaign aims to positively change how women view themselves.
In many companies, especially fashion industries, promotion for merchandise is mainly targeted to attract a youthful and attractive youth. One of the most noticible tactics of this example is advertising, usually showcasing a beautiful and lean supermodel. However, businesses are now hiring good-looking employees, in an attempt to lure in more customers. Recruiting people as "walking billboards" is controversial, considering the chances of being employed would be biasied, due to how a worker may look. Steven Greenhouse, the author of "Going for the Look, but Risking Discrimination" provides the reality of how looking a certain way for a job, is associated to prejudisim. In contrast, Mr. Cohen's analysis depicts that "being able to find a brand enhancer, or... a walking billboard, is critical." However, I disagree with Cohen, because there is more to a product than just an attractive representative.
In today’s world, advertising reaches and influences teens in both negative and positive ways. Teens are bombarded with ads through television, teen magazines, radio, and the internet. Advertisers know teen’s buying power and their willingness to spend their money. Many companies even hire teens to be “consultants” and trendspotters. They want to know what teens are thinking and their likes and dislikes. Some feel this is a good thing and that teens are letting companies know what they want. On the other hand, many believe all this advertising to teens has a negative impact on them. Ads show models with “perfect” bodies. “Every year, the average adolescent sees over 5,000 advertisements mentioning attractiveness” (Haugen). Some feel this leads to teens having low self-esteem, while others argue that it does not have an effect. These people believe teens have the power and control in the advertising world.
Martin, M. C., & Gentry, J. W. (1997). Stuck in the model trap: The effects of beautiful models in ads on female pre-adolescents and adolescents. Journal of Advertising, 26(2), 19-33. doi:10.1080/00913367.1997.10673520