Ointments are a homogeneous, viscid, semi-solid preparation, most commonly greasy and thick oil with a great viscosity, which is used for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. All Ointments have a water number which is the no. of grams of water that can be held by 100 gm of the ointment of the base so it’s expressed the hydrophilicity of the base .They are used as emollients or protective for the skin, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes and where a degree of occlusion is desired. Ointments are used topically on different body surfaces. Which include the skin, the mucous membranes of the eye (an eye ointment), chest, vulva, anus, and nose. An ointment may or may not be medicated. Ointments are usually very moisturizing, and good for dry …show more content…
Ophthalmic products are intended for application to the conjunctiva, the conjunctival sac, or the eyelids .Similar to suspensions, ointments can be more difficult to formulate in sterile form. They can be terminally sterilized, or, otherwise, they must be manufactured from sterile ingredients in an aseptic atmosphere. Filtration through a suitable membrane or dry heat sterilization is often used. The ointment base chosen for an ophthalmic ointment must be nonirritating to the eye and must permit the diffusion of the active ingredient throughout the secretions washing the eye. Ointment bases which used for ophthalmics have a melting or softening point close to body temperature. Ophthalmic ointments have a longer visual contact time when compared to many ophthalmic solutions. Researches published that the visual contact time is two to four times bigger when ointments are used than when a saline solution is used. Ophthalmic ointments are preferred for nighttime applications as they spread over the entire corneal and conjunctival surface and cause unclear vision that occurs as the ointment base melts and is spread across the
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
The TearLAb device allows the practitioner to monitor and supervise the tear film’s osmolarity, which is an important factor correlated with dry eye. In normal patients tear osmolarity is low and very similar to blood osmolarity (290 milliosmoles per litter). This indicates that tears are in proper homeostasis. On the other hand, dry eye patients have elevated (> 316 mOsm/L) and unstable tear osmolarity which can vary both over time and between eyes.[4]. This test is simple and quick to perform which can be easily delegated to a consultant or a technician
Miguel, Maria Fernanda, ProfessorH. Kent Bowen. Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston and Dr. Bradford J. Shingleton. Harvard Business School. Rev. May 20, 1997.
Optometrists have accepted vision therapy, which is a medical treatment for optical muscle disabilities, as a feasible treatment used for eye related problems; claiming the treatment can strengthen vision and give the patient the opportunity to understand visuals quicker and clearer (Press). Vision therapy originated in the 1950s and over the past 25 years, has gained popularity, mainly because of new technological innovations in the field of treatment. Generally, vision therapy is prescribed as a measure mainly for people between the ages of 3 and 18. With the results from a comprehensive series of eye tests, the optometrist can work with the patient using special instruments—prisms, filters, occluders, and eye lenses—and strengthen the eye muscles, thus improving sight. According to optometrists in favor of vision therapy, these methods of treatment using these instruments function as safer routes to repair eye disabilities. Although vision therapy can yield favorable results, the practice as a treatment for innate eye disabilities has been in hot debate lately; as it can exceed $8000 and insurance companies do not cover the treatment. For decades, insurance companies have refused to accept vision therapy as a legitimate method for repairing eyesight (Boink). Concomitant with lack of insurance, the cost for a full treatment can exceed $8000, and doctors cannot guarantee a successful outcome. Recently, parents of children with eye related disabilities, such as amblyopia (lazy eye) and strabismus (cross-eye), and doctors have attempted to cooperate with public schools to allow families access to school-funded doctors to practice vision therapy. With a tight budget, most schools cannot afford to supply vision therapy, and a...
MEBO Scar ointment was found to producesignificantly better outcomes from the perspective of aestheticsin comparison to the control group. Overall, itching relief was observed in 97.5% patients; texture was normal in 50% and soft in 47.5%; scar shrinkage in 97.5%; skin color was close to normal in 75% and light in 22.5% (p<0.001, for all parameters) (Table 4). In this study ,there was no adverse effect or allergy were recorded in test
Salt and water are helpful and easily accessible in treating itchy and painful eyes. The mix is great for inflamed and irritated eyes and helps wash away the debris accumulated in the eyes when used as an eye rinse. Plus, salt kills bacteria. Boil before the salt dissolves entirely. Permit the solution and after that put it to use to flush the eyes.
Oil. We specialize in wide range of oils which are used for Body Massage, Joint pains, Skin Diseases, Sinusitis, Blemishes, Dark Circles, Hair Fall, Dandruff Etc. Please refer to the enclosed catalogue for
Lastly, topical treatments are medicine that are applied to the skin. These creams, gels, oils, foams and lotions are used as an anti-inflammatory agent. These have ranges of potency from super potent to least potent or 1-7. For example, corticosteroid, the most common prescribed topical, is a steroid that affects the growth and inflammation of the epidermis. However, this is often used for mild to moderate cases only since side effects of using topical treatments can result in changing of the skin, dilated blood vessels,and irritation of the skin.
Imagine requiring artificial skin subsequently to being in an accident. Artificial skin is a replacement for human skin. It functions as artificial scaffolding made of shark cartilage and cow-derived collagen, which tricks real skin to grow on the damaged area of the body. Epidermal Grafts, Sheet Grafts, and Xenografts are all skin substitutes, but are they as accomplished as artificial skin? Although artificial skin puts patients at a higher risk of immune rejection, in reality it is more efficient that any other skin substitute.
The strength of the active ingredient will last for 12 hours. The patch is a waterproof and the ointment may reapply after showering to continue the desired effect. The procedure are first clean the affected skin, if using a patch next remove the container after that removed the adhesive shield and then the adhesive goes toward the skin before attaching lean forward then press it on to ensure that it sticks on. If using the ointment, squirt the appropriate amount of medicine to cover the affected area, and use Q-tip otherwise you finger to spread it evenly. Discard Q-tip after used or wash your finger immediately after
To help relieve pain and speed recovery, treatments and home treatments for canker sores encompass topical medicines,
Application process is divided into two major categories; skin and eyes. The skin must always to done first, because it will lay beneath the eye make-up.
Treatment depends on signs and severity of disease. These treatments include artificial tears, surgery, glucocorticoids, immunomodulators and prisms. Artificial tears can be used for corneal exposure and associated dryness. In severe lid retraction, eyelid surgery can be considered. Orbital congestion and optic neuropathy can be treated by high dose glucocorticoids. Steroid-sparring agents and additional immunomodulators (cyclosporine, azathioprine) are also used. Sometimes, surgical decompression of the orbit is necessary to prevent severe exophthalmos and optic nerve compression. If patients have diplopia secondary to muscle enlargement and fibrosis, prisms and then strabismus surgery are needed after the inflammatory response is controlled. Eyelid surgery is suggested in patients that have severe exposure due to a fibrotic levator
Hand care with the use of emollients to moisturize and avoid skin irritation to maintain it, as effective barrier are very important as long as are compatible with medical products and are nonallergenic.