CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
ON APPROACH AND INTERACTION
The study focuses on physical therapists approach on patients’ health care and recovery.
According to Fallowfield (2010), good communication can help patients understand complex information, make appropriate choices between treatment options, be more aware of the side-effects and the potential hazards of some procedures, be clearer about likely therapeutic gains and the purpose of treatments and help patients keep to drug regimens and diets.
According to Malovics (2013), the involvement of patients in the decision making process and proper communication with the doctor are viewed as factors that could contribute to the success of the healing process of the patient. These
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However, physical therapist should use their clinical experience to critically appraise treatment goals and evaluative measurements in term of activities and participation. In other words, when treating patients, there is always a compromise between existing evidence on the one hand, and the patients’ clinical state and circumstances, the patients’ preferences, including cultural and ethical factors, and constraints, such as time available to apply the guideline and available equipment and expertise may on the other. Consequently, clinical practice guidelines cannot be seen as a simple cookbook in which steps are taken automatically.
THE THERAPIST-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP IN PHYSICAL THERAPY
According to Hall and Colleagues (2010), the review of the research investigating that influences of the therapeutic alliance on physical therapy outcomes. Not surprisingly, the researchers found the alliance between the physical therapist and patient has a positive effect on multiple domains of treatment outcome in physical therapy. In particular the alliance between the patient and therapist positively correlates with an improved ability to perform activities of daily living, reduced pain levels, improved physical functioning, decreased depression, improved overall health, and improved patient satisfaction.
The Therapeutic
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Therapist responses were then rated by a panel trained in rating the aforementioned variables. FIS scores from this simulated situation were found to be significantly correlated with therapist client-outcome slopes in actual therapy sessions with real clients, as measured using the OQ-45, rated at each session.
However, it is not clear to what extent the effect on outcome in these studies is, or is not, mediated by the therapeutic alliance. Conceptually, FIS seems to have elements of the therapeutic alliance combined with a strong component of the factors that Carl Rogers considered necessary and sufficient for therapeutic change.
Therapeutic communication can help promote a relationship between the nurse and the client, by focusing on the client’s needs. The nurse can do this by using various types of communication skills, such as giving recognition, giving information, and offering self. Giving recognition is acknowledging the client’s needs in a non-judgmental way.An example of giving recognition in Bed Number Ten is “After you’re a little better, we’ll be taking you to the physical therapy department for regular work to rebuild your strength” (54). Sue enjoyed the conversation with Charles because he was the first to spoke to her about getting better. Giving information is providing specific factual information the client may or may not request. “All the way through,
Working in an interdisciplinary team, gives the team an ability to address the patients’ needs from different perspectives and different strategies. The interdisciplinary team works together to provide the individual with the most beneficial possible outcome. Interdisciplinary teams can include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, social workers, and other health care providers (Mellor, Cottrell, & Moran, 2013). The challenge for being a recreational therapist among a health care field is that many health care providers do not see recreational therapy as a serious, legitimate, and beneficial program for their health service patients as well as for their other health care providers. This idea creates a challenge for not
During the interview, the Physical Therapist I conferred with was very thorough and straightforward in his responses to the questions that were given. I decided to interview another one of my mother’s fellow co-workers, Mr. Stephen Chan, considering his new experiences in the Physical Therapy field. I met with Mr. Stephen Chan at the Kaiser Permanente Outpatient Orthopedic Clinic that is located in Union City. The essential subject matters that we discussed consisted of his Major and Minor in college, the Residency Program that he takes part in, variations of attitudes, and advantages in the workforce.
Current research implies that an empathetic clinician-client relationship and interrelated ecosystems play the majority role in the success of therapy (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). The clinician’s ability to be present and actively perceive what the client is experiencing is of utmost importance in creating a therapeutic alliance. It is imperative that the clinician gains positive regard towards the client and their environment displaying honest acceptance towards the client no matter what issues are presented in session. This closely relates to a sincere presentation of genuineness that instills a feeling of honesty within the client and clinician (Kilpatrick & Holland, 2009). An experienced clinician builds upon the therapeutic
Research has shown that a strong therapeutic alliance is necessary for establishing a beneficial contact between the therapist and the client. If the therapist does not encourage the creation of a reliable therapeutic alliance from the beginning of the treatment, it will be hard to develop a constructive relationship with the client later. Establishing the therapeutic alliance will increase the chances of achieving the goal of the treatment because the clients will be willing to cooperate if they trust and respect the therapist. Clients are not likely to cooperate with therapists who impose their authority aggressively. Instead of imposing their authority on the patient, therapists should develop work with their patients by building a mutual relationship based on trust, understanding, and respect for the client.
Like every profession in the medical field even Physical Therapist need to be relaxed and determined. When a patient comes to a Physical Therapist for intervention they more than likely do not want to be there and think it is a waste of time. With this being said, the patient
Ruddy, N. B., Borresen, D. A., & Gunn Jr., W. B. (2008). Colocating with medical professionals: A new model of integrated care. In The collaborative psychotherapist: Creating reciprocal relationships with medical professionals (pp.115–133). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
As for some patients, the biggest concern about attending physical therapy is cost. So, has the therapist had a conversation with each patient about financials? Does the patient understand their insurance and how much each visit will be? What will their insurance cover? Is the PT aware that maybe the patient cannot afford to come in three times a week? Maybe the patient requested to come in once a week instead? Is there a plan as to what the patient could do something outside of therapy, to help decrease their symptoms and number of visits? All of which are important questions to further understand if the situation is ethically or morally
According to APTA,” Measuring outcomes are an important components of physical therapist practice. They are important in direct management of individual patient care and for the opportunity they provide the profession in collectively comparing care and determining
Physical therapy is one of the fastest successful occupations growing in the Unites States of America. It is unlike any other occupation in the medical field. Physical therapists care for patients of all ages who have functional problems and disorders. They work to increase a patient’s mobility, prevent further injury, and stabilize the progress of a patients’ health and wellness. The occupation of physical therapy is a very crucial and highly demanded job and will continue to expand in the future.
2 With that being said, most health care facilities place an emphasis on coordinated and integrated interactions between the clinician and patient. This may include open communication, and shared decision making, ensuring that the patient is an active participant in his or her own care. Research shows that when a patient is treated with dignity and respect, and includes the family and caregivers in the decision making, better outcomes are to be reported.
While there were many differences between each setting, there were also several commonalities. In all settings, the physical therapists provided care that was professional and skilled. They worked collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to provide the best care possible for each of their patients. They strived to establish rapport and trust with each patient. Each of the settings I observed provided me with insights to the field of physical therapy and convinced me that this career is the right choice for
Physical therapy is always full of surprises, from new advancements in technology to new and improved therapeutic techniques. Although there are fun games and new technology that physical therapists can do with patients, the main struggle for physical therapists is to motivate their patients to complete their therapy exercises both in the clinic and in the outside world. This problem is very frustrating because the doctors who work at the clinic constantly push patients to complete their therapy so that they can heal; however, when patients are stubborn and reluctant to their treatment, yet constantly complain of pain, doctors must spend more time convincing them to do the therapy rather than completing the therapy itself.
Physical therapy is a fun and exciting healthcare profession that helps people. It is all about helping other people who have problems with their body, muscles, joints and other parts of their body. Patients includes accident victims and individuals with disabling conditions such as low back pain, arthritis, heart disease, fractures, head injuries, and cerebral palsy. Physical therapy will perform an evaluation of your problem or difficulty. They evaluate your problem by performing tests and measures to assess the problem. These tests includes muscle strength, joint motion, sensory and neurological, coordination, balance, observation, palpation, flexibility, postural screening, movement analysis, and special tests are designed for a particular problem. Next, they develop a treatment plan and goals and then manage the appropriate treatment to aid in recovery of a problem or dysfunction. Physical therapists are able to treat their patients by using many different treatments depending on the type of injury. Some of the treatments are electrical stimulation, hot and cold packs, infrared and ultrasound to reduce swelling or relieve pain. These treatments are used to help decrease pain and increase movement and function. Therapeutic exercises instructions will help restore strength, movement, balance, or skill as a guide towards full functional recovery. Physical therapy provides "hands on techniques" like massage or joint mobilizations skills to restore joint motion or increase soft tissue flexibility. They will focus on basic skills such as getting out of bed, walking safely with crutches or a walker, moving specific joints and muscles of the body. Physical therapists treatment includes patient education to teach them how to deal with a current problem and how to prevent the problem in the future. Such documentation is used to track the patient's progress, and identify areas requiring more or less attention. They encourage patients to use their own muscles. Their main goal is to improve how an individual functions at work and home.
Physical therapists are health care professionals that provide therapeutic services to their patients who have temporary or chronic physical conditions that were caused from injury or disease. Physical therapist also provided therapeutic services to patients after they have gone through surgery to help them gain back mobility and manage their pain. They can also work in preventive care by promoting healthy life styles and instructing individual patients or groups on preventing injury by using exercises that stretch and strengthen muscles. To help their patients try to recover they use massage techniques, wellness plans, and different types of equipment. When a physical therapist sees a patient for the very first time they must do an examination, evaluation, diagnosis, and then put together a physical intervention to start the rehabilitation process. They also work as a team with other health care professionals to help with their patients needs. Physical therapist can really make a difference in their patient’s lives by not only providing therapeutic services but also encouraging and motivating them so they can get better. The main goals of physical therapist are to help their patients retain or gain back lost physical mobility, eliminate or reduce pain, increase productivity and help promote a healthy life style so patients can have a better quality of life and become more independent.