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Impact of corporal punishment on children
Impact of corporal punishment on children
Impact of corporal punishment on children
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Corporal punishment among children has been around for decades. Many years ago, it was allowed for educators to punish students who were misbehaving by hitting them with a wooden paddle on their behind. As time continued to pass, it became against the law for the school employees to discipline the students who took part in misconduct. The parents became the only people with the right to discipline their children. Today, parents continue to have the right to spank their children however it is now an issue that is frowned upon by many. Spanking is detrimental to children because it can damage the relationship between the parent and child, promotes the act of violence, and can cause the child to develop mental disorders. Predominantly, spanking …show more content…
The article “The debate over discipline” claims that children learn by example. If the child’s care taker behave accordingly, then the child will follow (Reibstein and Miller). There is a term known as deferred imitation which means imitation done at a later time. It is said that children begin to mimic what they see when they are as young as 18 months old. Juveniles look up to adults in life. Most kids want to be just like one of their parents when they grow up. According to Karima Haynes, experts have concluded that adolescents may believe physically harming one another is the appropriate way to react when upset. Corporal punishment teaches adolescents that it is correct to hit others. Since that is the type of behavior they witness and personally experience, it makes sense that the children would want to act in the same manner. In the article titled “To spank or not to spank,” author Karima Haynes stated that children who were frequently spanked, had the tendency to become exceedingly hostile amongst other people according to Dr. Hopson. In the past, for example, it was permitted in my house hold to discipline the younger kids by spanking them when they acted in ways that were unapproved. Since my mother has always worked long hours, it has always been up to my younger sister and me to show our younger siblings right from wrong. I specifically mention “in the past,” because corporal punishment is no longer allowed in our household. The reason I decided to speak to my mother and completely do away with this type of discipline is because I began to notice that my siblings would hit each other when they disagreed on certain things. The first time it happened, I asked for the reason as to why they were physically hurting each other. Their answer was straight and to the point. My younger siblings said they utilized violence because when my sister and I would get upset
Swat! The entire store tries not to stare at the overwhelmed mother spanking her three-year-old whaling son. As if the screaming tantrum wasn't enough of a side show at the supermarket. This method, or technique perhaps, has been around for decades, even centuries. Generations have sat on grandpa’s lap and listened to the stories of picking their own switch or getting the belt after pulling off a devilish trick. So why then has it become a major controversy in the past few decades? The newest claim is that spanking and other forms of physical punishment can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury and mental health problems for children. Brendan L. Smith uses many case studies and psychologists findings in his article “The Case Against Spanking” to suggest that parents refrain from physically punishing their children due to lasting harmful effects.
According to a leading researcher in the field of pediatrics, mothers who spank their 3-year-old children may be increasing their child’s risk of aggressive behavior over the next few years. Spanking is the most detrimental form of punishment for 3-year-old children, considering the effects produced in the spanked children either currently, or in the future. Spanking has been a common form of discipline for many years. As research on the negative effects of spanking continue to surface, spanking becomes less common. Some of these negative effects are: the child does not understand the reasons to behave appropriately, but instead avoids the behavior in fear of spanking, spanking in 3-year-olds can lead to far more aggression at age 5, and it's a form of discipline that becomes less effective with repeated use.
Spanking, a fictitious form of child abuse, is an appropriate action toward unruly children. It is a popular practice used to instill discipline and values in children, and is more effective than talking to or yelling at the child or placing the child in “time out” sessions. In the long run, spanking causes no damage to the child’s mental or physical health. Instead, it creates a basis for good behavior.
When describing a physical altercation between two adults, the term is assault and battery. Assault on an individual has more than immediate effects; the effects can last a lifetime in severe cases. In all fifty states, it is a crime to hit, strike or use corporal punishment in any deliberate manner towards any person over the age of eighteen. However, this law does not apply to physical force being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. “Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade & Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice, it is becoming more controversial. The negative effects of spanking greatly outweigh the benefits. Spanking is a socially tolerated view promoting abusive patterns, and has a negative psychological impact in teaching children that pain, fear, and confusion promote conformability.
Critics of spanking need to understand that spanking and abuse are not the same. Spanking is a quick squat on the buttock that causes temporary pain. Child abuse is physical injury such as beating, kicking, or punching a child with cruel intent. Psychiatrist William Glasser makes a distinction between the two. Glasser explains, “Discipline is directed at the objectionable behavior, and the child will accept its consequences without resentment.” By contrast, he defined punishment as, “A response that is directed at the individual” (qtd. in Dobson 96). Spanking allows room for forgiveness and reconciliation. Abuse comes from a place of hostility. It is harsh and leaves little room for forgiveness or reconciliation. Yes, spanking may cause brief discomfort, but it is not the same as beating, punching, or kicking a child.
Spanking is commonly associated with parents attempting to correct behavior in a child; ultimately often out of frustration and/or anger with the child’s behavior. In the heat of the moment, most parents do not associate the long term psychosocial or behavioral effects the act of spanking can have on a child. The dangers of these effects derived from how children think and behave show us that spanking is not an effective form of discipline.
Children are abused, in part, because they are unable to defend themselves against stronger and more powerful adults (Barnett, Miller-Perrin, Perrin 61). Researchers only recently have recognized that spanking is used primarily with young children and that the incidence and severity of spanking often diminishes by the time children are 8-10 years of age (Day 80).
Holden (2002) reviewed Gershoff’s (2002) meta-analyses of eighty-eight (88) studies and noted that there were both positive and negative outcomes associated with the punishment of spanking. According to Gershoff’s (2002) analysis, the one positive outcome was immediate compliance by the child (Holden, 2002). This result was found to be consistent in five (5) studies. Immediate compliance was defined as the child complying to the parents directive within five (5) seconds. In stark contrast, there were four (4) negative outcomes. The analysis showed a negative effect on the quality of the parent child relationship, the child’s mental health, the child’s perception of being a victim of physical child abuse, and also impacted aggression in adulthood (Holden, 2002).
Many authorities and psychologists believe that spanking breaks a child's spirit and only leads to violence. They think that it causes the child to become depressed, angry or hostile and they have conducted many studies to prove these things. This type of harsh punishment occurs often, but it is called child abuse. There is a great difference between abusing a child and properly disciplining a child. "One is an act of love; the other is an act of hostility, and they are as different as night and day" (Dobson 35).
Violence within families often reflects behaviours learned by children from their parents. A theory is that violent behaviour is passed down from generation to generation through families (Cole & Flanagin, Pg. 2). The majority of Americans are subjected to corporal punishment at one point or another during their lifetime(Kandel, Pg. 4). Surveys suggested that almost all American parents used physical punishment at one point or another and the punishment was regared as an appropriate child rearing technique. Another survey also suggested that some psychologists belive physical punishment to be an effective and useful socialization tool(Kandel, Pg. 2). Aggression is commonly conceived as existing on a continuum, ranging from very severe parental aggression to much milder and normal parental aggression, such as use of corporal or physical punishment(Kandel, Pg. 1). A common concern is that parental use of physical punishment will lead to aggressive behaviour in children.
Spanking is a disciplinary act that has been used by parents for years now. It does not seem like a big deal at the time, but spanking does have long term effects that can affect the child even when he or she is a adult. Spanking whether it is appropriate for parents or any guardian of a child should be allowed to spank their child or not. There is a lot of controversy because parents say kids need to be disciplined when they are behaving badly. Others say parents shouldn 't spank their child because they long-term outcome is worse and they are not teaching the child a lesson. Some parents agree with these specialist and don 't spank their child but use other ways of discipline that doesn 't involve hurting
Some people believe spanking a child is child abuse, and that it causes the child to grow up aggressive and violent. This would mean that every child that is spanked during their developmental stages will grow up to be an example of bad behavior. However, there is no actual data or information that can confirm that spanking a child will cause a child to grow up to be violent or too aggressive. Children have been trained to obey rules or a set code of behavior for centuries. It is the best way to mold a child to be a respectable adult, and they can pass on the behavior to their future children. It may not always happen, but its pretty effective.
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.
The children could get aggressive over time and start hitting his/her parents. A 2002 study found that across time periods and across countries children that were spanked regularly were found to be more aggressive from childhood to adulthood (brookings.edu). According to several studies done in 1987 and 1990, the more children were hit, or spanked, by their parent or an adult the more likely they were to hit others including peers, siblings, and their spouse later in life along with their future children (handinhandpartenting.org). According to CNN, children that have been regularly spanked have what is known as hostile attribution bias (CNN.com). This means that their brains just automatically expect people to be mean to them or spank them. This makes children essentially hostile towards everyone. If someone is coming towards them like they are going to hit them, then they are going to “bull up” and fight them back. Facts prove that spanking your kids makes them more hostile and more defensive towards others. They don’t always have to be in danger or have others being mean to them for the children to get aggressive and dis the payment back out. It is a proven fact that children who are more aggressive as children are more aggressive as adults. Other sources show that if your child was spanked at school, then they are more aggressive and hostile towards other kids. This is because the protective region in the brain “fires up” and puts them into protective mode. They then tend to mistreat teachers and children when they feel threatened. The more kids are spanked the higher the risk for them to commit Juvenal crime suck as assaulting others, and constantly beating people. Some studies show that adults that were spanked as kids will handle high stressful tension with aggression towards others. Studies also show that children tend to be meaner to their friends as a way of showing their
In conclusion every parent must take consideration that the negative affects that spanking may cause a child.