Chosen Frame of reference/ Models(s): Neurodevelopmental theory (NDT) informs clinical reasoning through the concepts of motor control, brain plasticity, motor learning and an understanding of functional human movement (Meadows & Williams, 2013). By identifying atypical movement patterns the therapist is able to select interventions, which will facilitate Sue in developing greater symmetry in her body and correct movement patterns. (Barthel, 2009; Feaver & Ezekiel, 2011). This influences the practice of interventions in NDT by applying moment-to-moment observations of Sue throughout treatment, in order to gage her reactions and adjusting interventions accordingly (Barthel, 2009). Barthel (2009) and Case-smith, Law, Missiuna, Pollock and Stewart (2010), defines NDT as a hand’s on approach to intervention, focusing on physically assisting Sue in the development of active and passive movement using key points of control during activities. This is used to facilitate Sue to engage in more normal movement patterns …show more content…
The goals and interventions developed for Sue are to enable her to participate in activities along side her peers (Parkes, McCullough & Madden, 2010). The practice of the just right challenge under SI will ensure Sue experiences a sense of mastery, these feelings are shown to increase a child’s self-esteem (Berk, 2007; Parham, & Mailloux, 2005). NDT will increase typical movement patterns in Sue’s upper limbs, giving her greater freedom and independence in functional skills and allowing her to participate in activities with her peers (Blanche, & Blanche Kiefer, 2007; Feaver, & Ezekiel, 2011). Therapeutic use of self is used to ensure Sue has just right challenges to increase her self-esteem (Case-smith et al., 2010; Taylor & Melton, 2008). The therapist uses their hands to facilitate active and passive movement, to assist Sue in developing typical movement patterns, leading to an increase in participation with her peers (Feaver, & Ezekiel,
A Comparison of Psychodynamic and Social Learning in Regards to the Development of Personality "No Works Cited"
Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development.
At the beginning of this paper I mentioned that there are eight stages in the psychosocial development theory starting with trust vs. mistrust. This stage begins at birth to one year of age. This is when I should have formed a trust with my primary caregiver or caregivers. My dad was absent most of this stage, so my mother was my primary caregiver. Since she never taught me good behavior, right from wrong, and was uncaring when I was born, I did not feel safe or secure around her. I was told through family members that she was unable to hold me without me screaming all the time, and that the doctor said I suffered from anxiety at infancy because I could feel the tension of my mother’s stress, anger, and anxiety towards me. The beginning of me learning to mistrust, and feeling
If I were an OT working with D.B there would be intervention strategies I would focus on due to her unique needs, along with noted strengths and interests. One strategy I would use would use for D.B. would be incorporate a therapeutic board game as the one discussed in our text “ The Talking, Feeling, and Doing Game” (Lambert, 2005). This game would focus on a skills development format that would include structure though predetermined set rules, have an outlet for unexpressed feeling, begin to establish a sense of trust in regards to sharing information with others, and promotes discussion of appropriate problem solving. Another strategy would include observation and interactions in her home environment, where a play would be more parent- child focused, observation would be made regarding their dynamic and interactions with the environment. As an OT working with D.B. in her home environment suggestions on adaptive strategies can be recommended in efforts to improve D.B.’s maladaptive behaviors and to increase parental interactions by providing suggestions for setting limits, modeling, and structure and routine.
Erik Erikson was a German Psychoanalyst that developed a psychosocial theory composing of eight stages of development. These eight stages span from birth to death and attempt to describe how external factors influence personality development. I seek to learn more about Erikson’s psychosocial theory by reflecting on an individual person’s account of their memories from childhood into their present life stage and out to their goals and vision for their future self.
Vasconcelos, O., Rodrigues, P., Barreiros, J. & Jacobsohn, L. (2009). Laterality, developmental coordination disorders and posture. In L. P. Rodrigues, L. Saraiva, J. Barreiros & O. Vasconcelos (Eds.) Estudos em desenvolvimento motor da criança II (pp.19-26). Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo.
Thus, all infants at this particular stage get involved or attempt to involve themselves with learning all about the new environment around them. This preliminary stage has a solid bond with environmental stimuli. The various situations/things that infants experience during this time has a powerful influence on his/her growth, both mental and physical, which carries out throughout his/her entire life.
The speech and language therapists can help with strengthening the baby’s jaw and facial muscles, as well as future communication skills. (National Down Syndrome Society, n.d.). Occupational therapists will help the baby with developing skills that have to do with their play and leisure occupations, such as stacking blocks, picking up toys, and drawing with crayons (National Down Syndrome Society, n.d.). As the child gets older, their therapy will be targeting skills that need to be achieved in accordance to their age. Examples of this are going to school and developing techniques that will allow them to do well in class assignments, participating in community-based activities, activities of daily living, and work
As the human body goes through different experiences, the brain grows, develops, and changes according to the environmental situations it has been exposed to. Some of these factors include drugs, stress, hormones, diets, and sensory stimuli. [1] Neuroplasticity can be defined as the ability of the nervous system to respond to natural and abnormal stimuli experienced by the human body. The nervous system then reorganizes the brain’s structure and changes some of its function to theoretically repair itself by forming new neurons. [2] Neuroplasticity can occur during and in response to many different situations that occur throughout life. Some examples of these situations are learning, diseases, and going through therapy after an injury.
The broad definition of Developmental Psychology is the “study of human growth and development that occurs throughout the entire lifespan.” Under development psychology includes physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality, and emotional growth. Understanding human development is not only important to psychology but according to indigohealth.com biology, anthropology, sociology, education, and history also study the human development and it is quite very important. It helps us have much more in-debt understanding towards the changes people go through and how they grow in general which then help us apply it to our overall knowledge to really understand our full strength.
Off the five developmental theories, I would like to describe and explain two grand theories, Cognitive theory and Behaviorism.
During this corse I lean multiple ways that the brain changes mentally as a person ages, such as cognitive development. There are many theories about how cognitive development occurs in children. Jean Piaget had a theory of cognitive development that included 3 different stages, the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, and the concrete operational stage. The stages begin with learning though senses and actions, to have magical and egotistic thinking, to being able to think logically but not abstractly. Piaget also believed that people’s brains create schemas, almost like folders for the ideas of the brain, in order to organized they can understand them. When someone takes in new information,
Did you know that by age three, a child’s brain is 80% of its adult size? Our brains are important to us because they are an essential part of life. The brain is what tells your body to work, think, and feel. Without a brain, we wouldn’t be alive. Although the brain is an essential part of our life at all ages, the early years of development establish the basic structure and function of the brain. To help understand just how import this time period of life is to our brains, you have to understand the development of the neural pathways, the brain functions of children ages 3-8, the impact of the environment on brain development, and the activities and environments that contribute to the brain development of children.
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders has been on the rise for the past four decades, according to the third edition of America’s Children and Environment (2011). A neurodevelopmental disorder is defined as a disorder that affects the nervous system. These conditions include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and Fragile X syndrome. Such disorders take more than a physical toll on the diagnosed individual. Neurodevelopmental disorders take a hefty financial, emotional, and mental toll on family members affected throughout the diagnosed individual’s development. Special education, medical, and support services are required for individuals with a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Causes of these disorders are generally accepted as multifactorial—they may be caused by anything related to genetic factors and environmental agents. However, the true causes of the majority of these listed disabilities remain unknown and much debated. These conditions, their causes, and ramifications will be discussed thoroughly throughout this paper.
Physical and motor development are two similar but different areas that describe child development. Physical development encompasses all of the various changes a child's body goes through. Those changes include height, weight, and brain development. Motor development is the development of control over the body. This control would involve developing reflexes such as blinking, large motor skills like walking, and fine motor skills like manipulating their fingers to pick up small objects like Cheerios. It is important to objectively study physical and motor development in children to gain knowledge on what characteristics are considered typical for each age and stage of development. This will enable me to be aware of when a child or children are developing at an irregular pace, and devise recommendations or find experiences and other resources that can aid in stimulating their development and to work towards closing achievement gaps. This particular assignment was to observe the selected child and reaffirm the importance of studying physical and motor development, and to develop ideas on how to involve it in my work as an early childhood professional.