produces communicative power. Communicative power, in turn, influences the process of social institutionalization. I will argue that the revised notion of power as a positive influence that is produced in communicative space runs contrary to Habermas’ original concept of power in his theory of communicative action where power is understood as a coercive force that has to be avoided in order for the discursive situation to prevail. As such, I believe that the introduction of communicative power and
attempts an integrated appraisal of the distinctive strengths and limitations such diverse Modes confer to the approaches to change that invoke and utilise them. 1. A Model-Ideal Conceptualisation of Organisational Goal-Directed-Activity, Rationality, Strategicality, and Organisational Change When planned and goal-directed, fully rational organisational action, like any other ideal form of goal-directed-action, relies on activity generated by the decomposition of a goal-structure, a term
Plato's Moral Psychology I argue that Plato's psychological theories are motivated by concerns he had about moral theory. In particular, Plato rejects the modern account of rationality as the maximization of subjectively evaluated self-interest because, had he adopted such an account, his theory of justice would be subject to criticisms which he holds are fatal to the contractarian theory of justice. While formulating a theory to remain within ethical constraints sometimes violates the canons
The Importance of Rationality in Homer’s Odyssey In the epic poem, Odyssey, Homer provides examples of the consequences of impulsive and irrational thinking, and the rewards of planning and rationality. Impulsive actions prove to be very harmful to Odysseus. His decisions when he is escaping the cave of the Cyclops lead to almost all his troubles through his journey. As Odysseus flees the cave, he yells back "Cyclops - if any man on the face of the earth should ask you who blinded you, shamed
In Sigmund Freud’s, The Future of an Illusion, he studies religious foundations and the influence of religion on civilization and social principles. As he explores the psychological depths relating to religion, he also portrays a scientific and rational civilization. In turn, he reveals his hope for an ideal world where humans surpass their feelings of helplessness and insignificance to live in an improved civilization based on reason and the increase of knowledge. Through his analysis and ideas
Fever Crumb Characters In the beginning of the story the main character, Fever Crumb, is rational and reasonable. “Then there was her hair, or rather, lack of hair. The order was keen to hurry humankind into the future, and they believed that hair was unnecessary. Fever shaved her head every other morning.” (8). This quote shows how Fever is rational because she removes things from her life that have more to do with comfort and beauty, which she believes to be irrational, than have to do with
Throughout modern European history science has gradually developed into “the dominant representation of the social world”. Intellectuals are continually discovering new approaches of explaining and viewing the world. Previously, the common belief was the medieval view of nature, or that nature could be explained simply by appearances. As stated in Perry, “the Scientific Revolution brought a new, mechanical concept of nature that enabled westerners to discover and explain the laws of nature mathematically”
Guilty or not guilty, all citizens deserve a thorough trial to defend their rights. Formulating coherent stories about events and circumstances almost cost a young boy his life. In Twelve Angry Men, 1957, a single juror named Mr. Davis, who was initially the only one of 12 jurors to vote not guilty against an 18 year old boy accused of first degree murder, did his duty to save the life of the boy by allowing his mind to rationalize the cohesive information presented by the court and its witnesses
or service’s quality. Finally, through the application of nonhuman tecnologies, control is being dehumanized. Ritzer writes, “Rational systems inevitably spawn irrationalities that limit, eventually compromise, and perhaps even undermine their rationality” (Ritzer 123). He goes on to say that rational systems are often
focuses mainly on the problem of rationality and rationalisation process throughout Western culture (Swidler, 1973: 35) . Modern Western society is becoming rationalised increasingly according to Weber (Ritzer, 1998: 42). After Weber, his thought is applied by Ritzer (1983) to the fast-food restaurant in American society, which is called McDonaldisation. Both two theories regard formal rationality as the foundation
Incrementalism follows the same steps as the rational decision making model, but recognize limits to rationality. It is both a model of how decisions are made and a description of how contending interest may react in making current policy. Incrementalism uses and builds what is already known, without relying on reanalyzing things that have been done already
The strange creature did not deserve the disrespect of the townsfolk, but acceptance of this being was not to be. In the short story, “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,” by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the appearance of a winged man causes a great upheaval in the town villagers, because of his looks and foreign speech. Since he did not conform to their concept, of what is right and good in their world, the villager’s behavior was shameful. One can only surmise the mistreatment of such a creature
What would you do if you were to become chief of a society torn from a microcosm to a savage ridden island? This is the undertaking which Ralph, Protagonist of The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, took the liberty to maintain the self conscious and values withheld within a civilized society. Ralph’s character is introduced early within the book characterized as a 12 year old boy washed upon an uncharted island (Pacific) which, vacant at first, features a fellow group of British boys
Identity, Intersubjectivity and Communicative Action Traditionally, attempts to verify communications between individuals and cultures appeal to 'public' objects, essential structures of experience, or universal reason. Contemporary continental philosophy demonstrates that not only such appeals, but fortuitously also the very conception of isolated individuals and cultures whose communication such appeals were designed to insure, are problematic. Indeed we encounter and understand ourselves, and
respectively, to ‘modern’ Euro-American scientific rationality. They take this connection between modes of classification and thought as indicative of a universal condition of human existence that shows the subject is rule bound and order loving. This conclusion of thought from classification from society is ultimately but the reenactment of their definitions and presuppositions that arise from the form of religious thought they call ‘rationality’. To begin with, for both Durkheim and Lévi-Strauss
entirely escape, is this: if we explain it too well, we turn it into a concealed form of rationality; while if we assign incoherence too glibly, we merely compromise our ability to diagnose irrationality by withdrawing the background of rationality needed to justify any diagnosis at all. (1) Many theorists who try to provide an adequate explanation of weakness of will and its bearing on the issue of rationality fail to fully appreciate the implication of the above remark, which I believe is an important
Lakatos and MacIntyre on Incommensurability and the Rationality of Theory-change ABSTRACT: Imre Lakatos' "methodology of scientific research programs" and Alasdair MacIntyre's "tradition-constituted enquiry" are two sustained attempts to overcome the assumptions of logical empiricism, while saving the appearance that theory-change is rational. The key difference between them is their antithetical stand on the issue of incommensurability between large-scale theories. This divergence generates
Instrumental Rationality and the Instrumental Doctrine ABSTRACT: In opposition to the instrumental doctrine of rationality, I argue that the rationality of the end served by a strategy is a necessary condition of the rationality of the strategy itself: means to ends cannot be rational unless the ends are rational. First, I explore cases-involving ‘proximate’ ends (that is, ends whose achievement is instrumental to the pursuit of some more fundamental end) — where even instrumentalists must concede
(functional or instrumental) rationality that undergirds McDonaldization. In the present work, Ritzer continues to sound the alarm by depicting McDonaldization as "a largely one-way process in which a series of American innovations are being aggressively exported to much of the rest of the world" (8). Although the author acknowledges that the McDonaldization thesis is rooted in Weber's reflections on rationality, specifically the notion of the "iron cage of rationality," he prefers the "simplicity"
extended to all level of society. In conclusion, collective dilemmas happens everywhere, therefore, the government as “third party” has the advantage to solve public problem and issue. The main reason result to collective dilemmas is the bounded rationality, which claim people are rational, goal-oriented which leads cooperative problem.