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Cultural business norms in japan
Analysis of the Japanese business culture
Similarity between Japanese and US business culture
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Team Toyota, Transporting the Toyota Culture to the Camry Plant in Kentucky
1) Overview of the book
The book that I read was Team Toyota, Transporting the Toyota Culture to the Camry Plan in Kentucky, wrote by Terry L Besser, in 1996. She did interviews with employees in all the levels of the company, but with a very small population, fact that she points every time during the book as a limitation of the study. They main idea of the book is to discuss the introduction of the Japanese model of management and its implications in the Americans employees. Besser gives us a panorama of the American model of management, as well as the traditional bureaucratic western model. The author right in the introduction of the book points some of the key differences in the Japanese model:
Both structures are pyramidal, but the shapes are different, the Japanese is tall, thin, and finely grained, the reason for this is to allocate the seniority promotions.
In bureaucratic pyramids, the decisions are made in the top, and are communicate to the lower levels. In contrast, in Japanese organizations, decisions are made by group of people close to the issue under consideration, and then sent to upper managers to authorize changes.
The welfare corporatism, the community of fate ideology, and self contained company-sponsored unions.
The question that guides the book is: Will American workers respond to the Japanese style of organizing by working hard to help the organization achieve its goals? The book start explaining how the structure of the Japanese model: work team, company teams, and corporate team. She also spent a chapter talking about two main issues for the company: employees on restriction workers that are injured or ill and can't perform their normal job but do not require rehabilitation at the hospital or home, and how the employees do almost all the tasks on automatic, and benefits and challenges of that. Besser will also give a special chapter about how is the environment for the women at Toyota. At the end Besser will summarize the perceptions, and show some facts on whether or not the transplantation of the culture was a success.
2) Topic Analysis and Correlation
The main idea of this chapter is to relate the topic with the discussion we had throughout the semester. To better organize the ideas, I will separate the discussion with the same titles used for classes, and relate those topics with the book.
The United States business culture is based on a direct and informal approach. This means that “rolling your sleeves up” and getting down to business is respected and expected when working in the United States. (Executive Planet) On the other hand, the Japanese culture is a complex and multi-layered system, which developed over thousands of years. This is very much apparent when analyzing the business culture. The Japanese put a lot of focus on having a hierarchical, group-oriented society, and aim to avoid direct confrontation, maintaining the workplace harmony on a high level.(Export.gov) The long-term focus on culture and tradition caused the business culture to be very formal and complex, a complete opposite of the American culture.
I have come up with this thesis by gathering information from online and what I have seen and read about over the years. Below are the areas used and addressed from the Thesis Checklist:
Hofstede’s model has widely been used in the past two decades to explore meaningful differences between cultures. This culture-based model was established based on data collected from 117,000 IBM employees in 20 different languages within 53 countries and regions. The survey instruments were divided into 4 subsections of questions that were relevant to work satisfaction, personal goals and beliefs, and perceptions. Using this data, Hofstede was able to create a fundamental blueprint of four basic dimensions in which employees of different backgrounds could be meaningfully compared. However, like most pioneer models, the model of cultural-dimensions has inherent methodological flaws as it fails to account for extraneous variables and assumes that occupational and national cultures are not independent of each other.
The essay will describe the concept of organizational culture and national culture. In the course of trying to describe both types of culture; subcultures and socialization examples will be discussed. A few real world examples will be mentioned in an attempt to further explain the topics in the essay. There are many similarities to how organizations and nations are structured and shaped by culture. The concept of cross-cultured management and multinational corporations are also a concept that organizations use to explain the behavior of their culture. Finally the essay will discuss how organizational and national cultures are interrelated. The interrelationship can be explained in the cultural dimensions and how the influence behavior and management.
The nobles are in charge and can control the knight and the peasants. The managers in a korean drama production is like the nobles. The manager is in control of the demands that the directers gives, but also they can command the actors that are lower than them. For example, the director told the managers to be in charge of the actors in korean dramas. The manager can pick the actors in mind, although they have to have the director to approve. The pyramid of feudalism is like the director gets to control the managers, and the managers can control the actors. It goes by step and
Japanese bureaucracy had less control of business and the economy than Europeans' counterparts in 1970s because between in the late 1960s to early 1970s, Japanese bureaucracy is failed to comply with high technology of information system. Japanese bureaucracy is failed again in the late 1980s due to the pop of "bubble" economy in Japan. The necessity to care about Japanese bureaucracy is that Japan is the second largest economic power all over the world and from this fact, the position of Japan is very important in world politics. Japan has a large influence towards world politics and economy.
"When you get a clear strategy and communicate your priorities, it's a pleasure working in Japan. The Japanese are so organized and know how to make the best of things. They respect leadership ". Carlos Ghosn
some of controversy over many parts of the book, and relates to what the rest of the essay will
In 2002 Toyota Motor Corporation adopted Global Vision 2010 and set the goal of being the largest automobile sales company in the world by reaching a global market share of 15 percent. Toyota was very close to reaching both goals when the global financial crisis and a series of recalls totaling 20 million vehicles began (Cole, 2011). Since then, there is no question that Toyota’s quality image and reputation has suffered tremendously. Media coverage of this crisis has blamed Toyota’s pursuit of growth, lack of immediate response to the crisis, and poor internal communication as the source of many problems for the company. However, Toyota is not an ordinary company and has been admired for its outstanding quality and management philosophies for decades. This case study will analyze some of the issues the company experienced, the organizational culture, and discuss the solutions Toyota implemented to move forward from the crisis.
Bureaucracy is an organizational design based on the concept of standardization. “It is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization, very formalized rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional departments, centralized authority, narrow spans of control, and decision making that follows the chain of command” (Judge & Robbins, 2007, p.
Toyota was forced into adapting its strategies to different marketplaces as well as altering its management style. For example in Toyota UK the organisational structure corresponds to the traditional Toyota system which encourages team working and communication between workers this was done through training, sharing of information and knowledge between teams and team members. The fact that Toyota dealt with trade unions, shows departure from traditional Japanese organisational behaviour represented innovative adaptations on the part of the company to operating in the UK.
Employees have to work in a culture where they are presented with challenges and develop solutions by questioning their fellow work team rather than just following suit and agreeing or settling. “Toyota views employees, not just as pairs of hands but as knowledge workers who accumulate chi- the wisdom of experience- on the company front lines” (Takeuchi, 2008, p.98). This establishes input from everyone in the company even the frontline workers. “A “community of fate” ideology is developed, which means that employees feel that they and the organization share the same fate that they will succeed or fail together.” (Besser, 1995, p.383). This helps the personal goals align with organizational
But first, it is important to mention an aspect of the U.S. culture so that we can better understand the business culture. Many of us have heard about the American Dream, which basically entitles to reach financial prosperity through hard work. And the effects of this belief correspond to long hours of hard work and overtime as well as following the chain of command in management. And the American business culture seems to be completely constituted by this principle.
This dedication of Japanese employees to their work contributes greatly to the strength of the economy of Japan. They feel like they are part of a big family (the company). Employees work together for the benefit of the company as a whole. They truly feel that their hard work and success contribute to the company's success and growth. Companies also have special programs and classes for the employees, who are the children, to make them feel at home. There are company athletic clubs and cultural classes, such as flower arrangement and the tea ceremony. Since everyone is a member of the "family" in Japan, decisions that the company must make are circulated among the lower echelons of the work force for their opinio...
In Document A, we see a very nicely displayed social pyramid. This pyramid attempts to show the reader which classes’ match up as closely as possible with their equivalent counterpart. As you began reading the pyramid for Japan, you see something that may strike you as being odd. This being that the shogun has more power than the emperor, yet the emperor is still higher on the pyramid. Thi...