Radioactivity
Introduction: During this report explanations of the constituents and structure of atoms will be discussed. The basic and quantum models of an atom will be discussed and compared. Three different types of radiation will be looked which include alpha, beta and gamma. The nature and emission of these types of radiation will be reported as well as the penetrable force. The range and effects the radiation have on the magnetic and electrical fields. All the information within this report will then be summarised into a academic poster.
Structure of an atom: The atom is a unit of matter, which are so small that the use of an electron microscope must be used in order to see images of an atom. The atom has a dense central nucleus which contains positively charged protons and also neutrons which have no charge. Orbiting the nucleus are electrons these are negatively charged. The negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons attract each other thus why the atom stays as it is. The size of a nucleus is said to have a diameter of 1x10-14m and the atomic diameter is said to be 1x10-10m. Therefore the nucleus is 10000 times smaller than the atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons have a mass and a charge and this can be seen in a table 1 below.
/C Charge of the proton /Kg /Mass of proton
Proton +1.60x10-19 1 1.67x10-27 1
Electron -1.60x10-19 -1 9.11x10-31 0.0005
Neutron 0 0 1.67x10-27 1
Table 1
It is possible to simplify information within table 1 by looking at certain patterns in the numbers. The first pattern which can be seen is that proton and electrons have opposite and equal charges. A charge known as the elementary char...
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... the gamma radiation. 5cm of lead needs to be used to stop the penetration of gamma rays.
Conclusion: During this report an academic poster was used to summarise the information within the report. The report contains in depth information on the structure and constitutes of atoms. Looking at protons, neutrons and electrons their masses and charges of these particles. Also discussed in detail is the nature and emissions on radiation particles alpha, beta and gamma. Information looked at was the decay of these particles and what occurs during the decaying of these particles. Also the effect which this has on the nucleus when radiation particles decay. The range and effects of these radiation particles have upon electrical and magnetic fields were also described. Explanations were also given why certain particles favour certain sides of magnetic and electrical fields.
In "Energy Story" uses an explanation of atoms and tells us the parts of an atom and its structure. In the text it
physics. The work of Ernest Rutherford, H. G. J. Moseley, and Niels Bohr on atomic
Atoms are electrically neutral; the electrons that bear the negative charge are equal in number to the protons in the nucleus
An atom, by definition, is the smallest part of any substance. The atom has three main components that make it up: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are within the nucleus in the center of the atom. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in many orbitals. These orbitals consist of many different shapes, including circular, spiral, and many others. Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Protons and electrons both have charge of equal magnitude (i.e. 1.602x10-19 coulombs). Neutrons have a neutral charge, and they, along with protons, are the majority of mass in an atom. Electron mass, though, is negligible. When an atom has a neutral charge, it is stable.
The use and management of radioactive materials is not a topic that is generally discussed in abundance to everyday citizens. Many people do not know what radioactive waste is or even the effect that it can have on the human body. Radioactive waste is a type of waste that has some type of radioactive material inside of it. The managing of this radioactive waste is extremely important because it can cause damage to living tissue. Without a place to properly dispose of or contain, the radioactive waste can contaminate our water, food, air, or even our land. If this happened it would be detrimental to all human’s health, causing many different problems throughout the world not only with the health of the population, but problems with the environment as well. Therefore it is vital that we have somewhere to put these radioactive wastes.
Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic energy that is given off in the form of high speed particles that cause ionization. During ionization radiation hits and knocks electrons from an atom creating charged ions. Due to the electron being stripped away from the atom this break the chemical bond. Living tissue within the human body is damaged and attempts to repair it but sometimes the damage is beyond repair.
The Army Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Survey Teams find out information on an enemy target in order to defend the country against the threat of CBRN weapons and Weapons of Mass Destruction. The Army has drastically evolved in terms of the Chemical Corp. Today there are multiple units around the world that operate in Survey Teams. The two most popular units in the Chemical Corp are Technical Escort Units and Chemical Reconnaissance Detachments. There is much confusion about what the operations of these two units entail. This research paper will describe what they do as well as discuss the similarities and differences between the two.
When taking a radiograph there are some precautions that can be taken to reduce some of the radiation that can be exposed to a patient, what would be used on all patients is call a lead apron and thyroid collar, these aprons are used to protect the patients that may be a bit more radiosensitive and also may give the patient a little of reassurance that they will be protected. “Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs, organisms, or other substances to the injurious action of radiation.”
“The half-life of a radioisotope is the time required for half the atoms in a given sample to undergo radioactive decay; for any particular radioisotope, the half-life is independent of the initial amount of...
From the day Pierre met Marie at a friend’s house, he was smitten. Together the scientific couple published over thirty papers on radioactivity. They could have become rich by patenting their process of extracting radium, but the Curies refused to do so. They were generous. They thought that scientific research should not be hidden but belong to everyone (Bailey). The Curie’s work, which dealt with changes in the atomic nucleus, led toward the modern understanding of the atom as an entity that can be split to release enormous energy (“Marie and Pierre Curie”).
Radiation is one of the most dangerous and easiest way of having health effects. Radiation was first discovered by Roentgen. Hazards are the first things people need to know in order to understand what it can do to your body. It causes many health effects on everyone out in the world. It harms people in the dentistry and field and even in the medical field. Normal people out the world can also be exposed when coming into one of these offices and getting x-rays of some type.
The impact of nuclear power on the modern world has improved Various sectors of the economy and society .i.e. Food and Agriculture, Insect control, Food Preservation, Water Resources, Military, Medicine, Research and Industry. “In 1911 George de Hevesy conducted the first application of a radioisotope. At the time de Hevesy was a young Hungarian student working in Manchester with naturally radioactive materials. Not having much money he lived in modest accommodation and took his meals with his landlady. He began to suspect that some of the meals that appeared regularly might be made from leftovers from the preceding days or even weeks, but he could never be sure. To try and confirm his suspicions de Hevesy put a small amount of radioactive material into the remains of a meal. Several days later when the same dish was served again he used a simple radiation detection instrument - a gold leaf electroscope - to check if the food was radioactive. It was, and de Hevesy's suspicions were confirmed.
Scientists from earlier times helped influence the discoveries that lead to the development of atomic energy. In the late 1800’s, Dalton created the Atomic Theory which explains atoms, elements and compounds (Henderson 1). This was important to the study of and understanding of atoms to future scientists. The Atomic Theory was a list of scientific laws regarding atoms and their potential abilities. Roentagen, used Dalton’s findings and discovered x-rays which could pass through solid objects (Henderson 1). Although he did not discover radiation from the x-rays, he did help lay the foundations for electromagnetic waves. Shortly after Roentagen’s findings, J.J. Thompson discovered the electron which was responsible for defining the atom’s characteristics (Henderson 2). The electron helped scientists uncover why an atom responds to reactions the way it does and how it received its “personality”. Dalton’s, Roentagen’s and Thompson’s findings helped guide other scientists to discovering the uses of atomic energy and reactions. Such applications were discovered in the early 1900’s by using Einstein’s equation, which stated that if a chain reaction occurred, cheap, reliable energy could b...
"A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties." Basically it shows us all known elements in the world. For one to read the periodic table he should beware that the atomic number comes first in the square , and referring to the atomic number its the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. Following the atomic number is the symbol, which is usually the abbreviation of the element's name. For example Carbon is referred to as " C". Then, the element’s name is shown right after the symbol. Lastly, there's the mass number, which is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. So simply for us to find the number of protons we automatically
One of the greatest events of twentieth century was the use of radioisotope as a source of energy and as medical and industrial tools. Using radioactivity has been a global issue owing to its very nature. When it is used for peaceful purposes, it is a triumph of science because it can solve energy problems in the form of nuclear energy but the side effects in the form of harmful radiation and harmful radioactive waste is the real limitations of science. This essay will attempt to analyze the application of science in the use of radioactivity and radioactive isotopes and how science is not so effective in dealing with the side effects.