Losing a clutch has effects on the operational sex ratio (OSR) of Dendrobates pumilio. OSR is the proportion of males to females that are fit to mate. There is usually a higher percentage of males in the mating pool because females take more time with parental duties. There are factors that influence the OSR such as available food and places to nest, temperature of the environment, and if the number of deaths for one sex is greater than the other. The loss of a clutch should also affect the OSR. If a clutch is lost, the parent should reenter the mating pool faster, changing the ratio. Heik Prohl studied how the OSR is affected when D. pumilio loses a clutch. The time males spend parenting only amounts to moistening the eggs. Females take their time choosing mates, and they spend more time tending to their young. The females carry their tadpoles to water and feed them eggs that have not been fertilized. The females do not mate during this time, keeping them out of the mating pool for a long time.
D. pumilio was studied at the Hitoy Cerere Biological Station in Costa Rica f...
In the nonfiction book My Losing Season by Pat Conroy, he mainly expresses all the trials and tribulations he goes through as a child and in his current livelihood as senior at Citadel college. Conroy never had a good relationship with his father, no matter what he did the constant banter and hurtful play from his father always lingered. Conroy had a military family which meant that they were constantly moving every year to two years, this never gave him the chance to really settle in with the community and create steady friendships. This also made it hard for him to adjust to the way that certain area played basketball and how well he fit in with the teams. Basketball made him happy and having such an all-star basketball player as a father
The name of the article is called, “Blowback: U.S. Actions Abroad Have Repeatedly Led to Unintended Indefensible Consequences” by Chalmers Johnson. After reading the article by Johnson I have to say I can easily understand where the writer of the article is coming from. The article is pretty much about how the United States constantly has to deal with consequences because of their actions. The CIA described it as “blowback.”An example the writer used to support this was using the September 11 attack this is one of the most recent incidents talked about in the article. As well as, its an incident that caused a period in time when the majority of the general public actually trusted the government. This attack occurred because of the United
The experiment can be improved by counting the number of eggs each gravid Artemia carries and the number of successfully born offspring to further support the hypothesis that the females fed on high nutrition have higher fecundity compared to the ones treated with low nutrition.
Basketball is a chart-topping sport that is loved by many fans. It’s been a hit since 1891 when it began, starting in Springfield, Massachusetts. It grew rapidly in popularity and spread around the world. Many people found it comforting to play, such as Pat Conroy. Pat Conroy was an outstanding basketball player, who was committed in going far with his teammates. Although he seemed superb, he had a troubled life growing up at his family home. His parents were abusive and uncaring towards him, therefore he used basketball as an alternative. In My Losing Season, Pat was able to obliterate the thought of his abusive parents. His comfort was playing basketball with a team he will never fail to remember. The outcomes Pat acquired were admirable,
...to 300 individuals, the newborn seahorses are independent of parental care and the male is free to fertilize and accept more eggs(Lourie 11). The offspring bearing roles displayed by Hippocampus spp. is an extreme shift in relation to many other species of kingdom Animalia, of which the bearing of young is predominantly carried out by females. According to Foster, growth rates throughout the life cycle and the duration of the life cycle of seahorses in the wild varies between species and cannot be determined due to insufficient research data(foster 22). Once sexual maturity is reached, often determined by the presence of a brood pouch in males, adults are able to reproduce. During reproduction, the overwhelming majority of Hippocampus species display monogamous behaviors, usually mating with the same partner for the duration of the mating cycle(lourie 10-11).
"Persistent female choice for a particular male trait values should erode genitive variance in male traits and thereby remove the benefits of choice, yet choice persists” (Miller, Christine and Allen Moore). This phenomenon is know as the Lek Paradox and has puzzled scientists for many years. Throughout all species there has been abundant evidence showing continuous female choice of male traits, yet there is still no definite answer as to what allows for genetic variance to be maintained, and why a specific trait never becomes fixed. Many hypotheses have been theorized and researched, all providing some explanation as to how this variance in species is maintained, from traits signaling resistance to parasites, according to Hamilton and Zuk, to the hypothesis of mutational and environmental affects. Condition-dependence can also provide information as to how the lek paradox is able to exist; this hypothesis will be looked at in this paper.
1996). A study was done to examine the different parent-juvenile interactions of two different species of poeciliids: P. Monacha and P. Lucida. Individual females of the two species were place into chambers that had a mesh net to segregate it and allow juveniles to swim through and escape attack from the parent. The females were kept in these chambers as they birthed offspring and were recorded. It was found that the p. monacha females cannibalised their offspring immediately while the p. lucida females did not (Thibault 1974). The p. monacha juveniles that did escape the initial attack, swum to the bottom and through the mesh net. However, the juvenile p. lucida remained in the same section of the chamber with the female near the water
Female loggerheads generally reproduce between the ages of 17 and 33 after which they can travel thousands of miles to reach what is called their natal beach, the beach where they hatched, to lay their own eggs. The mother will create a nest every 12-17 days using her back legs to dig a deep hole in the sand. These holes tend to be about 3 feet deep. Then she will proceed to lay on average between 100 and 130 eggs, after w...
[2] Michod, Richard E. (1998). Origin of Sex for Error Repair. Theoretical Population Biology, 53, 60-74
Before going to Alaska, Chris McCandless had failed to communicate with his family while on his journey; I believe this was Chris’s biggest mistake. Chris spent time with people in different parts of the nation while hitchhiking, most of them whom figured out that McCandless kept a part of him “hidden”. In chapter three, it was stated that Chris stayed with a man named Wayne Westerberg in South Dakota. Although Westerberg was not seen too often throughout the story, nevertheless he was an important character. Introducing himself as Alex, McCandless was in Westerberg’s company for quite some time: sometimes for a few days, other times for several weeks. Westerberg first realized the truth about Chris when he discovered his tax papers, which stated that “McCandless’s real name was Chris, not Alex.” Wayne further on claims that it was obvious that “something wasn’t right between him and his family” (Krakauer 18). Further in the book, Westerberg concluded with the fact that Chris had not spoken to his family “for all that time, treating them like dirt” (Krakauer 64). Westerberg concluded with the fact that during the time he spent with Chris, McCandless neither mentioned his
In addition Bateman (1948) suggested that sexual selection is defined by the different levels of investment by each sex to their offspring. Females invest more heavily in offspring as fertilisation, gestation and placentation all occur within...
The traditional explication for the maintenance of sex was that the process of meiosis and fertilization engender genetic variation on which natural cull can act.
I decided to review “Silver Linings Playbook”, which is based on a romantic-comedy novel written by Matthew Quick. It was produced in 2012 by The Weinstein, starring Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence and Robert De Niro.
These methods of sexual selection include both before and after mating, and has competition between two males, two females, or competition between both genders of wasps. One of the most obvious forms of sexual selection in social wasps is between females. This is simply that queens of a high rank have higher mating success (Baer 2014). This method of sexual selection follows the natural hierarchy of social wasps, where one wasp is “in charge” (the queen), while others simply do the work for the colony (the workers). The other forms of sexual selection include the male to male competition of territory establishment, where males fight for territories and mark those territories to attract queens, and competition of male ornaments, which is a competition between males to see which one has the best ornaments and a competition between females for them to pick the male with the best ornaments. The males with bigger, darker dorsal spots generally have a better chance of mating (Baer 2014). This causes sexual selection competition between males, who try to have the darkest dorsal spots, and between females, who try to pick males with the darkest dorsal
A pair of equal sized birds of prey might overhunt an area and compete for food. However the Ecological theory shows validity in the idea that a territory is not overhunted because a small male will eat small prey while the large female hunts larger prey. However, it does not adequately explain why it is the female who would eat the larger prey or the bigger portion and be the bigger mate. It also does not explain why some species have smaller RSD than others such as the Screech Owl for