Reproduction is one of the most powerful sources known on this earth. Reproduction allows animal, plants, and other organisms to thrive for generations. All organisms have to reproduce, otherwise their species will simply die out. Out of all of the organisms that reproduce, some of the most interesting include social insects of the Hymenoptera order. Social insects exhibit various interesting traits and strategies that they use for reproduction, such as the formation of a queen, worker reproduction, queen signaling or control, and sexual selection. Many of these traits and strategies can be seen in social wasp populations. Social wasps live in a hierarchy of a queen wasps and worker wasps. A single reproductive queen wasp produces all of …show more content…
Occasionally, female worker wasps will be able to lay unfertilized male eggs, even though they lack the ability to mate. However, while most worker females are unable to mate, a small percentage of 2% do have working ovaries (Ross 1985). This means that a small amount of worker wasps would be able to have viable offspring. This event generally happens because the colony where the worker wasps are reproducing is queenless. Generally, the event of worker-laid eggs fully developing is stopped by the queen, either through the queen control theory or the queen signaling theory. This is important to social wasp reproduction, as it shows why it is rare to find any other wasp besides the queen …show more content…
These methods of sexual selection include both before and after mating, and has competition between two males, two females, or competition between both genders of wasps. One of the most obvious forms of sexual selection in social wasps is between females. This is simply that queens of a high rank have higher mating success (Baer 2014). This method of sexual selection follows the natural hierarchy of social wasps, where one wasp is “in charge” (the queen), while others simply do the work for the colony (the workers). The other forms of sexual selection include the male to male competition of territory establishment, where males fight for territories and mark those territories to attract queens, and competition of male ornaments, which is a competition between males to see which one has the best ornaments and a competition between females for them to pick the male with the best ornaments. The males with bigger, darker dorsal spots generally have a better chance of mating (Baer 2014). This causes sexual selection competition between males, who try to have the darkest dorsal spots, and between females, who try to pick males with the darkest dorsal
Earlier in movie, one of the characters described queen wasps as being on the same level as black widows; they are carnivorous, paralyze their victims and kill their mates. They are wrong on a few counts. Wasp stings don’t paralyze victims, neither do black wi...
A symbol in The Secret Life of Bees is the queen bee, one is found in all hives especially the Caribbean Pink Hive in Tiburon, South Carolina. The queen bee refers to a mated female that lives in the hive; she is usually a mother to most if not all the bees in the beehive. This symbol represents not just the bees hives that the Boatwrights work with, but also August Boatwright herself. The queen bee is a mother to all the bees in the hive just as August is for Lily, Rosaleen, June, and May, sometimes the mother you are born to is not truly meant to be your mother.
One key distinction is the sex combs on the male’s foreleg, which is characteristic that is lacking in the females. Another way to distinguish the sex of the flies is to carefully examine the tip of the abdomen in each. The females tend to have a lighter colored abdomen that is more pointy and long. On the other hand, males tend to have darker pigmented abdomen that is round and short. In general, females tend to have a larger body than males. Sex determination can easily be accomplished even under a low power magnification, which adds to the ease of using fruit flies to study genetic
The organization of each honey bees job is fascinating, for each job is assigned to a bee in accordance to its age.
Honey bees, or Apis mellifera, are social insects, despite what preconceptions there are about them. They are commonly divided into three divisions of class. The first is the worker bees. They are born from fertilized eggs and are the females that are not sexually developed. They are the ones that people usually associate with honey bees. Their main job is to search for food, and build and protect the hive from predators. They have one stinger that, when used, the worker will die. Next is the queen. Her job is to lay the eggs that will hatch into the new generation of bees. Queens also controls the hive and the activities within the hive by producing chemical pheromones the steers the behavior of the bees. She possesses a stinger and can sting and kill multiple times and not be killed herself. (Hoover, S, et al. 2003) In most hives, only one queen is present and if that queen dies, the workers will create a new queen by feeding one of the workers with a special diet called “royal jelly.” This allows the sterile worker to develop into a fertile queen. The last class division i...
...h fertilization through deceptive pollination strategies. Actively evolving group with highly specialized adaptations for attracting, deceiving, and manipulating insects (Dressler 1).
In the early 1920's, many generational Americans had moderately racist views on the "new immigrants," those being predominantly from Southern and Eastern Europe. Americans showed hatred for different races, incompatibility with religion, fear of race mixing, and fear of a revolution from other races. At the time, people believed the Nordic race was supreme.
...erms of the upbringing is that from birth, queen bees are treated royally being placed in a queen cell with abundant food supply (royal jelly). The behavior being showed from this scenario is due to the pheromone.
...re the now grown wasps simply fly away from the dead host caterpillar that acted as their apartment through their developmental stages. The wasps are endemic to Europe and several tropic zones throughout the world.
Drosophila is a small fruit fly, it is about 3mm long. This insect is a model organism most commonly used in developmental biology and genetics. The Drosophila fruit flies are especially suited in experiments because of their short life cycle which consist of two weeks; they easily reproduce many offspring, and are also cheap1. The drosophila contains four chromosomes that can easily be experimented on, which allows in-depth observation. In this experiment, Drosophila melanogaster were used to identify the properties of Mendelian inheritance. The Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation and randomly unite during fertilization and is carried by every individual. The Law of Independent Assortment states that each parent randomly passes on alleles to their offspring. Although, the Law of Independent assortment does not take in account the patters of sex-linked inheritance.
Some individuals have developed different traits to help them in the process of intra-sexual competition. The organisms with more distinctive traits have greater reproductive success. More genes of those traits are then ‘selected’ and are passed onto the offspring of the organisms. Throughout time variability in these traits becomes
Kidd, Sue Monk. The Secret Life of Bees. New York, New York: Penguin, 2002. Print.
As people socialize, they create interactions whose products are influential to act back upon the people to determine or constrain actions. Moreover, social interactions may be likened to a theatre whereby people are the actors as the rest of the people are the audience. These other people actively observe the role-playing and respond by reacting to the performances. However, people’s behaviors tend to change when they are alone as they get rid of the roles they play in front of others.
The WASPS are only supposed to socialize with eachother, they are also supposed to marry within each other. A lot of the most powerful men in this country’s history are WASPS, for example Franklin Delano Roosevelt and George W. Bush.
First, lets look at the honey bee and it’s purpose in life. There are many different