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1. Introduction It is well known that human society cannot evolve or exist in the absence of a general and a coherent structure. In this context, Police plays a central role, operating as a rule of law institution. Thus, as the basic element of the criminal justice system, Police is responsible for enforcing the law by democratic methods, primarily involving close cooperation with the public, respect for individual rights and constitutional guarantees, and the resort to force in as little. Therefore, in a society which has become increasingly more complex, the role of the police tends to be versatile, so that the outcomes, or in other words, its effectiveness, ultimately depend on a wide range of factors. Special attention is given to the relationship with the community and to public image of the institution. Regarding the analysis of an organizational image is improper to talk about a single image, but rather about a complex and multifaceted one (Halic & Chiciudean, 2004), approachable from different perspectives / groups (also known as stakeholders or corporate audience). In practice it‟s difficult to study all of the indicators of an organization's image. Therefore, we focused on the employees‟ image as a highly relevant imagological component for Police organization, based on the fact that the image of an institution is largely influenced by the interaction of its members with the outside world (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). The image assessment can be performed by several methods, each with various levels of operationalization and discriminative capacity (Chiciudean & Ţones, 2010). In this area, most frequently were used the public opinion polls and only few studies resorted to semantic differentiators (de ex. ... ... middle of paper ... ..., 4, 5-64 Osgood, C.E., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., and Miron, M. S. (1975). Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press Parsian N, Dunning T. (2009). Developing and validating a questionnaire to measure spirituality: psychometric process. Glob J Healh Sci., vol.1(1), pp. 2-11, http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/1104/1061 Tabachnick, B.G.; Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Analysis. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Van Heerden, C.H. & Puth, G. (1995). Factors that determine the corporate image of South African banking institutions: An exploratory investigation. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 13(3), pp.12-17 Verhagen, T. & Meents, S., (2007). A framework for developing semantic
Police officer normally works with community as a team and addresses any problems; they find a solution to that problem. In 21st century the police officer was required to work closely with communities to make sure maintain of social order and build relationship in order to effectively fight against crime. However, majority of racial and ethnic groups targets of abusive treatment at the hands of police. As evidence suggested that police officer stereotype residents and treating them unlawfully, some studies stated that police officer verbal and physical abuse and unjustified street stops. (Weitzer, Tuch & shogan
As individuals are the units of association and institutions so these associations and institutions are the units of social structure.
It is a myth to believe that an officers job is spend fighting dangerous crimes, in reality officers spend more time handing smaller cases. For example, police officers spend a lot of time doing daily tasks such as giving speeding tickets and being mediators in disputes (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Handing out speeding tickers and handling minor disputes are far from fighting crime. Police officers spend more time doing preventive measures (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Preventive measures involve officers intervening to prevent further altercations. Victor Kappeler and Gary Potter discussed the myth of crime fighting as invalid and misleading notions of an officer’s employment.
Police officers are faced each day with a vast array of situations with which they must deal. No two situations they encounter are ever the same, even when examines a large number of situations over an extended period of time. The officers are usually in the position of having to make decisions on how to handle a specific matter alone, or with little additional advice and without immediate supervision. This is the heart of police discretion. As we shall find, the exercise of discretion by police has benefits and problems associated with such exercise. The unfettered use of discretion can lead to the denial of citizen rights. Strategies that control the use of discretion are, therefore, very important. The benefits and problems of police discretion and controlling strategies are the focus of this essay.
Religion has 7 core attributes that allow someone to call it a religion, these include Narrative, Doctrine, Emotional, Material, Ethical, Ritual and Social. These seven attributes help individuals identify what can be classified as a “religion”, however spirituality has no “easy way” to identifying it. Spirituality can be found within the individual looking for their “meaning” but not physically expressed.
They are responsible for finding and capturing individuals who break the laws set by local, state, and federal government. Law enforcement is at the forefront of the entire criminal justice system. They enforce the law, investigate crimes, prevent crime, and ensure public safety. Uniformed officers and detectives must appear in the court system to testify, then prove the individual guilty of the crime he was arrested for. The second component of the criminal justice system is the court system.
Through a functionalist perspective, the justice system is an institution based upon the belief that justice, equality and fairness help to form the basic framework of society. If there is deviance, defined as “behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society” (Witt 135), the society must discover how to deal with it. Examples of crime, which is an aspect of deviance, are theft, murder, and sexual assault. Another concept of this institution is the concept of social control, defined as “the techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society” (Witt 130). Through this concept, the justice system strives to direct individuals to be morally correct. The justice system is a dominant part of this by handling crime through punishment such as arrest. Therefore, when the officers that were a part of the justice system in this article partook in shooting different individuals, this can be viewed as the institution handling deviance through social control. If there was not this social control, then the justice system would not be doing its job that contributes to the overall higher structure of
The criminal justice system is composed of three parts – Police, Courts and Corrections – and all three work together to protect an individual’s rights and the rights of society to live without fear of being a victim of crime. According to merriam-webster.com, crime is defined as “an act that is forbidden or omission of a duty that is commanded by public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law.” When all the three parts work together, it makes the criminal justice system function like a well tuned machine.
Social media present images of police that misrepresent & twist the realities of every-day police officers work. Though more confidently presented than lawyers and judiciaries, police officers are more often than not presented as useless rule-breakers. Stating back to the year of 1993 police officers constantly rate among the top three institutions out of thirteen in public confidence. Police rates are much higher than the rest of the criminal justice system. Large majorities of adult citizens are fulfilled or very pleased with the police services in their various regions. Though there is difference in fulfilment levels across city powers, most fall within the 80-90 percentage range. The majority of school-age children trust their local police, but a big portion do not, and this disbelief is mainly strong among nonwhite students. These problems com on when researchers found that some of the social values were found to effect the police behaviors mainly when it came to race, gender and class. Differences in police behavior tend to display the deviations in the way the society view, deviations in police force comes more slowly than in society at large. During the revision, the work-related culture of police changed in a number of ways. Not enlightening on related police who engage in delinquency remained the main characteristic of this work-related culture. Nonetheless, the more
Spirituality is seen as a universal concept relevant to all individuals; the uniqueness of each individual is paramount (Mcsherry, 2000). Therefore, the subject is complex and relatively complicated topic to discuss. This is due to the different interpretation which is influenced by the individual’s life experience. Therefore definitions of spirituality may differentiate significantly to all individuals and literature (Mcsherry, 2000).
In order to understand the attitudes towards police work and the actions of police officers one can make use of the Structure-agency debate which has three distinct perspectives; structure, agency and structuration. This essay shall argue which position is best to apply by drawing on sociological theories and concepts.
Marion and Michael (1996, cited by Graby 1993) exposed that there are three concepts of image that are necessary to understand and can be applied to brands, companies or countries:
Another interesting research that recent academicians have developed is that corporate identity refers to an organization’s unique characteristics which are rooted in the behaviour of the internal stakeholders i.e., the members of the organization. Many scholars thus opine that management of an organization’s identity is a strategic function and it requires a multidisciplinary approach. Also, senior managers can essentially narrow the gap between actual and desired identity through optimally utilizing the corporate identity mix (behaviour, symbolism and
Introduction and Thesis: Spirituality and religion have played a significant role in establishing an individual’s internal and external beliefs, responses, and actions throughout life. Personal experiences and relationships have influenced the definition and understanding of spirituality and religion. People have identified with being spiritual and religious, spiritual and not religious, religious and not spiritual, or neither spiritual or religious. There are alternative views of spirituality and religion and their definitions change as attitudes toward religion and spirituality continue to evolve. When examining my own view of spirituality and religion, I identify as being spiritual and religious. I think the relationship between spirituality
Police officers are an important part of our society and our criminal justice system today. Police officers have a very complex job, they are held to a higher extent by societies, who expect police officers to be able to solve every problem, and they are limited in what they can do due to the expectations set by their administration. Police officers have various roles that they are expected to maintain. According to the police mission and mandate, a police officer must be able to reduce crime and maintain order, reduce the fear of crime, solve neighborhood problems and improve the overall quality of life, and develop a better relationship with the community. I feel the most important roles of an officer are to reduce the fear of crime and be