seizures, hemiparesis, and dementia normally in the first ten years of life. The seizures that were caused by Rasmussen’s encephalitis were unstoppable by normal anti-seizure drugs used conventionally. What the worst part of the disease was that the pathogenesis for it were not known and even worse was how it developed. The first clue was delivered when Rogers and Gahring were trying to register the distribution of the glutamate receptors using antibodies, that tag on to the receptor itself. The proteins
Bordetella pertussis is an aerobic, Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium. It is non-spore forming and non-motile, usually containing a capsule. Its preferred temperature to grow is in the range of 35-37C. Under the microscope, it is identified by its rod like cell shape, as well as its short, oval size. During a blood agar culture test for this particular bacteria, the specimen tends to take 3 to 6 days to form a pinpoint sized colony. B. pertussis appears to only affect the human species, therefore
Introduction Living and working in both Australia and the UK, Barrie Patrick Marmion was a meticulous clinical microbiologist and academic; devoted to education, research and development within pathology, immunology and virology. His contribution to microbiology was invaluable in regards to the development of an effective Q fever vaccine. This report will examine Marmion’s research with respect to developing and promoting a Q fever vaccine, critically evaluating the impact of this accomplishment
Salmonella – description, pathogenesis, symptoms Salmonella is a gram-negative bacillus that causes inflammation of the GI tract and in some cases, if the immune response is not sufficiently powerful and treatment is not administered, can become systemic and cause even more serious conditions throughout the body. After ingestion, these bacteria cause infection by invading the epithelial cells of the small intestine and macrophages. Though there are more than two thousand different subspecies of
autoimmune neurological disease that debilitates an estimated 2.3 million people worldwide (“What is MS,” n.d.). With no identifiable cause and a cure yet to be discovered, emphasis must be placed on advancing treatments and therapies. Although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, researchers are well aware that the immune response during MS revolves around inflammatory mediators called cytokines. Over the last few decades, substantial progress has been achieved in MS research and knowledge
in the last decade. Suitable animal models of inhalational anthrax have been utilized to study pathogenesis of disease, investigate bacterial characteristics such as virulence, and test effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutics. To date, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates are the principal animal species used to study inhalational anthrax. Mice are valuable in studying early pathogenesis and bacterial characteristics. Few pathologic changes occur in the mouse models but may include
cellular level and actually enables us to identify the pathogenesis of the patient’s disease. Pathology is a scientific clinical knowledge and provides a broader scope in research. All these facets of pathology have inspired me to pursue a career in this specialty. While in the initial years of medical school, I truly enjoyed courses in physiology and pathology. Learning about the normal state and then structural alterations of cells, pathogenesis, and the consequences of changes were very fascinating
Heuther and McCance (2012), asthma is considered a “chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes hyperresponsiveness and constriction of the airways” (p. 688). Kumar and Ghosh (2009) reviewed the literature related to asthma pathogenesis. Their findings suggested that asthma is “characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling that leads to reversible airway obstruction” (p.1). Individuals who have chronic asthma remain in a constant state of potential overreaction to an inhaled
Alzheimer's disease like most degenerative disorders is caused by pro-inflammatory responses. Pro-inflammatory responses are largely mediated via reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key signaling molecules that play important roles in disease pathogenesis. There is substantial evidence that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of amyloids is an important contributing factor to the progression of the Alzheimer's disease,
Prion proteins are encoded by the Prnp gene, derived from the Prn gene family. This gene codes for a 254 amino acid protein, which, during posttranslational modification, is truncated to its wildtype 209 residue cellular prion protein (PrPC) form.1 PrPSc is the pathogenic form of PrPC, which primarily differs in secondary and tertiary structure. A protease resistant, 142 amino-acid pathogenic form, called PrP 27-30, is also sometimes derived from the cleaving of PrPSc.1 After posttranslational
understanding of the research taking place in the laboratory of a scientist by the name of Dr. Patricia Stock. Her aim is to study the symbiotic relationship between nematodes and the bacteria they host while further developing ideas of their mutualism, pathogenesis and evolutionary biology. At first glance, her research may seem irrelevent to the modern world. You may ask yourself: What does the relationship between a parasitic nematode and the bacteria inside it have anything to do with my life? Truth
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacterium that most commonly causes respiratory disease, including pharyngitis or tonsillitis, as well as skin infections such as impetigo and cellulitis. The organism is transmitted via respiratory droplets or by contact with fomites, and commonly infects young children. In addition to the common clinical presentations associated with S. pyogenes, some individuals develop the postinfectious sequelae
Breidenstein, Elena BM, César de la Fuente-Núñez, and Robert EW Hancock. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance." Trends in microbiology 19.8 (2011): 419-426. Driscoll, James A., Steven L. Brody, and Marin H. Kollef. "The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections." Drugs67.3 (2007): 351-368. This article discusses how pseudomonas aeruginosa is largely the cause of infection in hospital patients, immunocompromised hosts, and cystic fibrosis patients. It
of nerve cells resulting in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Accumulation of beta amyloid leads to clumping in the tissue of the brain creating what is known as amyloid plaques (Kahn 1). The hypothesis indicates that beta amyloid is over produced in the brain, that there is fault in removing beta amyloid from the brain, or that both factors are at play, resulting in the accumulation of A"β" in the brain (Hardy
Since Egyptians described diabetes in their manuscript and Indian physicians identified diabetes around 1500 BC, lots of discoveries are made regarding the pathogenesis and the treatment of diabetes: new technologies are invented and used in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, type-1 and type-2 diabetes are differentiated through time, lots of researches are done to find out a lasting solution to the devastating disease. Regardless of all the effort made diabetes type-1 remains incurable. It
mediate the interactions with host extracellular matrix proteins. Development of latest molecular tools in genetics is making it possible to understand the roles of these and several other outer membrane proteins in the mechanism of leptospiral pathogenesis.
sensation of burning syndrome and the body feels weak and exhausted. This is an indicator of Tikshagni. When vata, the biological air becomes weak and pitta, the biological fire becomes acute and strong, the condition is referred to as Bhasmak. Pathogenesis Bhasmak rog refers to the condition of insatiable appetite. According to the Ayurvedic system of medicine, here vata and kapha becomes weak and pitta becomes very
focus on one such disease named Cholera and its impact on the country of Zambia, Africa. In order to adequately discuss Cholera's impact on Zambia, Africa I will be providing an overview of the disease, discussing it's etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and finally its prevention and treatment. Disease Overview Cholera is still an extremely significant disease worldwide with over 5 million cases being reported per year (Ruiting & Reeves, 2002). Cholera is a diarrheal illness that progresses
In contrast to the host response, the transcriptional response of S. aureus varied significantly between control and diabetic mice. We observed a significant increase in gene induction associated with translation while decreases in amino acid transport as well as genes of unknown function. This does contrast slightly to a study that examined S. aureus expression in diabetic rats in an endocarditis model, whereby amino acid transport genes were upregulated (66), this just may be reflected of the significantly
CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The rate of aquaculture production is increasing all around the world as a result of the growing demand for fish as an important food source and due to depleting the production from capture fisheries (Subramanian, Shariff, Omar, & Hair-Bejo, 2012). Given the richness in aquatic resources, the fisheries sector in Sri Lanka comprises of offshore, coastal and freshwater fisheries as well as coastal and freshwater aquaculture. It contributes around 1.7% of