Activity Diagrams & UP
Activity diagram Principle & application
Activity Diagrams use Petri Net formalism to represent various flows, their timing & order
ADs are used to model
Dynamic behavior or
Operations
ADs are used for
UseCases,
Classes,
Interfaces,
Components,
Collaborations,
Operations
See the next slide
Other UML diagrams for data flows
For software modeling and design also Activity Diagrams are used, but
There are more appropriate diagrams for software modeling
Sequence and Communication Diagrams
It is better to use them
Some Anomalies of NODES & EDGES
Use Cases and Activity Diagrams
ADs is for PROCESS but
UseCase is NOT a process
It is a DIALOG (See 1C) or CONVERSATION
A bunch of messages
We need a symbol for it
UseCase needs a Dialog symbol NOT an AD
We used an oval with a bunch of messages
BPMN uses a HEXAGON
It expands into a bunch of messages
Some interactions ARE UseCASE DialogS
When a sub-process involves only a single computer and a single user
The messages between them constitute a UseCase Dialog
One difference is that in a UseCase the focus is ON messages of exchange but
NOT on the internal activities of either the User or the System
Flowing Through & getting transformed
To be precise,
Tokens DO NOT flow through nodes
They flow through edges
They get transformed at nodes
Electronic Payment A Complex PROCESS
It involves FOUR entities all of which are systems. Each system can be a System under Consideration and its own UseCase Diagram different from those of other systems.
One has to start with Activity Diagram of the PROCESS and then proceed to UseCase Modeling for each system separately
Analyze independently & integrate
The complexity of the main process is not overlooked but
Each sub-process is ...
... middle of paper ...
...ect flows
The flow lines are
Of the same TYPE
What flows in,
The NODE,
What flows out,
Are also the same
Inconsistencies of Object Node & Flows
The input and output edges of “object nodes” are “Object Flows”
These are special types of flows that represent the movement of objects shown as nodes.
The objects themselves are created and consumed by NORMAL Action Nodes
Object Flows in BPMN convention 1
Flow of Controls, messages & objects are well distinguished
Object “Order” flows A1 to A2
Along doted line (non-physical path)
The object is shown ON the dotted path but it is NOT a NODE
Not an elegant notation.
Object Flows in BPMN Convention 2
Here the control flow is from A1 to A2
And object flow is also form A1 to A2
So, the object is “associated” with the control flow (as in Association Class of UML)
This is much simpler and conflict-fee
Takes less space too.
walking across them. The lines and pulleys and some parts of the waves are example of
The following four texts apart of the Culminating Activity were all related to the Apollo 11 mission in 1969, which had first put a man on the moon. The first article was from the Times of London, and served to describe the events of the moon landing from the astronaut's point of view. The article used anecdotal evidence to describe Aldrin and Armstrong's experience in order to inform the audience of what had occurred, as well as the reactions in several different countries.. The speaker is a from a reputable news source, The Times, and is informing the European audience - as this event was apart of America’s space program, NASA - of the landing as a great success. Although
In art, we capture moments in one period of time. It would be hard to imagine something like that moving, no? Well the usage of lines help us to do so. They can be curved, straight, vertical, and horizontal. Artists use these elements to portray
Few systems for example: an embedded system is safety critical when installed in a vehicle. Such systems are extremely expensive to change; others must change frequently in response to varying requirements (e.g. business systems). Systems which are very expensive to change need extensive in advance analysis to ensure
policies as well as practices. It enables authorities to make informed decisions based on the
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Stage 3 involves creating an Architectural Model version of the whole system including sub systems. A Viewpoint Hierarchy shows a skeleton version of the system which can be ins...
Each art element works in tandem with the principles of design. For instance, actual lines and lines created by edges create asymmetrical balance, directional forces, contrast, and rhythm. The straight lines on the bottom help draw attention away from the jagged, overlapped edge lines, suggesting asymmetrical balance, while the jagged, overlapped edge lines create the 'paths', as stated in the textbook, for the audience to view as directional forces. Both types of lines provide a contrast and rhythm easy enough to identify as the shape of the lines and placement of multiple versions of each are seen in the painting.
III. Summarization of Routine Activities Theory A. Definition of routine activities approach. According to Cohen and Felson (1979), routine activities approach relies on three main conditions to rationalize crime. These conditions need to coincide in the same space and time in order for a crime to occur: a motivated offender, suitable target and the absence of capable guardians to deter crime. The authors utilized human ecological theory to examine social structure, and how such coincidences take place and cause crime in daily life.
...ap helped me to identify Mrs. Clarkes formal and informal systems around her, and the relationships they hold. By using the ecomap it has helped me in identifying which systems need strengthening in Mrs. Clarkes life. It has been clear that the use of systems theory on the case study has been beneficial for the client to identify the best possible outcome.
S represents Systemic - complexity and interconnectedness of situations means it is essential to be inclusive and acknowledge relationships in a system approach, to deal with the situation as a whole system rather than as parts.
The Theory of Routine Activities offers a direct and effective understanding into the sources of problems with crime. Its bases are the ideas that in the absenteeism of operative controls, criminals will target appealing opportunities. In order for a crime to be committed, a criminal must be at the same place as an alluring, potential victim; for crimes against property it is an entity; personal crimes, a person. If the victim or entity is not in the same vicinity as the criminal, the crime cannot be committed. Additionally, the presence of “watchdogs” (an operative control) can avert crime, however, if the watchdogs are not there, or are there but are helpless, the crime can and many times will occur.
Requirements engineering begins during the communication activity, continues into the modeling activity, and builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction. Through requirements engineering, there is an examination of the context of software work performed. It is essential for the software engineering team to understand all requirements of a problem before the team tries to solve the problem. An identification of specific needs that the design and construction must address is also included. Further is a need for the identification of the priorities that guides the order for the completion of work. This i...
... system as a declarative format so the expert system can understand and interpret it.