This paper focuses on the use of Petri nets to model traffic signals at intersections. An eight-phase traffic signal controller is illustrated in this paper. Also, structural analysis of the control Petri net is performed to show that it endorses traffic safety. It also discusses how this tool can be used with more advanced technologies in the future. The following paper will review the G.F. List, and M. Cetin, Modeling Traffic Signal Control Using Petri Nets, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Petri Nets is an emerging tool in Industrial Automation technology. They provide an uniform environment for the modelling, analysis and design of event systems. The model which is used for analysis of behavioral properties of the system can be used for the construction of simulators and controllers. a. Finite State Machines These are the forms in which Petri nets could be represented. One example is that of a Vending machine (figure shown below) which sells candy bars when the 5 or 10 cents are
Growing Bacteria in the School- Samantha Horejsi, Cindy, Ashley and Tristin Introduction: What do bacteria need to grow? For bacteria to grow the most typical thing that they like ate a warm and moist environment, but that is not all that they like. Bacteria also like and environment with a PH that is normal or close to a human PH and bacteria also like an oxygen rich environment. The places that could be common to find bacteria in a building are a keyboard, a water fountain, and restrooms. A keyboard
...om: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/antibiotics/article_em.htm Accessed on 6th February 2010 Fullick, A. 2010. Edexcel A2 Biology. 264p. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited ScienceCompany. 2010. Bacteria Growing Experiments in Petri Dishes. Available from: http://secure.sciencecompany.com/-W54C659.aspx Accessed on 6th February 2010 Wikipedia. 2010. Aseptic technique. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseptic_technique Accessed on 6th February 2010 Wikipedia
Every organism requires a specific environment in order to survive. Bacteria alike, different types of bacteria are able to survive and reproduce in different types of environment. Some factors that affect the growth of bacteria include temperature, presence of certain gases and pH of the medium it is in. In this experiment, the variable that was changed was temperature. Temperature is one significant factor that affects the growth of bacteria. Each bacterial culture has its own minimal, maximal
Isolation of bacteria includes several techniques by which different bacterial colonies from a mixed culture can be separated. This isolation is important as it helps in studying the particular organism with its distinguished traits. Bacteria are in habit of living in an association with other organism/bacteria as this association will help in the better survival of an organism. These microbial populations will cooperate together and achieve better nutrients for each other because the waste of one
7. Next, my lab assistants and I leveled the gel rig using small levels. I placed the levels on the surface where I would put the casting tray. We did this to make sure the gel hardened evenly. 8. We put the taped tray into the gel rig. Then, I put the comb into the casting tray on the edge of the tray. By putting the comb into the tray, this made sure the gel would have compartments to put the DNA into when the gel hardened and the comb was taken away. Afterwards, we put the gel rig on the counter
Aim: To see which type of lighting shatters yeast cells at a faster rate Hypothesis: The brightly coloured lights will affect the yeast cells at a faster rate. This is because brightly coloured lights make its strength weaker and darker lights maintain its strength. Background research: Yeast “Defined as a chemoorganotrophs, which is an organism that requires an organic source of carbon and metabolic energy.” (Medical Dictionary, 2012) Several experiments have been conducted on how light affects
Gloves must be worn as well, especially on preparation of the Petri dishes as any skin contact with the agar immediately transfers micro bacteria and these bacteria may start to grow and contaminate the dish. Extreme care must also be taken whilst using the scalpel as they are incredibly sharp, as found from my preliminary
. Place 25 dormant peas into a plastic cup. Keep pouring non-chlorinated into the plastic cup until it’s about 3 times the height of an dormant peas. Allow the peas to germinate overnight. 2. Drain the non chlorinated water from the plastic cup. Place the germinated peas on a saturated paper towel of non chlorinated water and put inside a ziplock bag. Place the bag in a dark place overnight. 3. Add 25 mL of nonchlorinated water to the 100-mL graduated cylinder. 4. Slowly drop 25 germinating
thoroughly washing your hands and arms, remove the leaf from the bleach solution with sterile forceps, then re-sterilize forceps and scalpel before cutting the petiole into 1cm pieces and the leaf into approximately 2cm squares. Place the explants on a petri dish with media, gently pressing to ensure contact between explant and media. First the explants are placed on an initiation medium, then later placed on a development medium. The medium used depends on the the stage of growth and requirements for
In order to preform this experiment you will need; cotton swabs, agar plates, microscope, unused slides, oil immersion, nigrosin, and crystal violet. The first task we must do is use the cotton swabs and swab an item out side of the laboratory, that has the capability of containing either yeast, bacteria, and mold. My lab partners and I chose to swab one of our group members cell phone. Once we swabbed the phone with the cotton swab, we then each had a plate of agar. To start the process of the transfer
technique is a tool used to obtaining a pure culture. The technique consists of taking an original inoculum that contains a mixed culture and spreading the bacteria into four quadrants on a solid medium. The purpose of spreading the mixed culture on a petri dish is to reduce the number of bacteria in each subsequent quadrant to one parent cell of each type of bacteria. One isolated bacterial is called a colony; which consist of thousands or even millions of individual replicates of the original parent
History of the African Violet: The African Violet is a very common houseplant. African Violets, are also known as, Saintpaulia Ionantha. The African Violet was founded in 1892 in Northeast Tanga and German East Africa. The man who found the plants was named, Saint Paul. Once Saint Paul found them, he gave some to his father who lived in Germany. Once people began to see these plants, it quickly became a trend. The African Violet plants stayed in the Europe area for about two years, before eventually
Background Info: Mold is a group of fungus that are a decomposer in nature. They are basically a single celled organism with thousands of nuclei. They nearly have the same life cycle as fungi. They are made up of filaments, called hyphae.They can be found in shady, damp areas outdoors, like rotting logs, or any place with decomposing vegetation. There are also parasitic molds, that live off a host. . Mold can reproduce with itself, asexually, and with other molds, which would be sexual reproduction
experiment are the amounts of Dettol disinfectant used for each petri dish, the dependant variables are the measurement of bacterial growth that grows during the time and the controlled variables are everything we kept the same such as the amounts of agar solution, the beaker size, same sized petri dishes, same soil and same sized filter papers. Equipment- • Dettol disinfectant • Measuring cylinders • Beakers • Labels • Soil • Agar • Petri Dishes • Filter paper • Sticky tape Method- 1- Collect
LITERATURE REVIEW: INVESTIGATING BACTERIAL GROWTH IN THE THAWING OF MEAT: What are bacteria? Mostly we think of bacteria as germs but bacteria are microorganisms, which are tiny little living beings - which are not plants or animals. They have a classification group all by themselves. Bacteria falls under the group called Prokaryotes. They consist of a single-cell. They are so small and tiny that you would have to look through a microscope to see them. Bacteria are everywhere they are in the bread
the map distance between the centromere and spore color genes in Sordaria. My hypothesis was that due to so many group observations accounted in, the data will be underestimated and the results will not fit into the chi square table. A sample from Petri dish with both mutant stock cultures is observed after a week. The ascospores must appear in MII pattern 2:2:2:2 or 2:4:2 arrangements in order for the crossing-over to occur. Next, based on the data collected, the class calculated the map distance
Introduction: Sordaria fimicola is a species of microscopic fungus that is an Ascomycete and are used to test for genetic variation in the lab setting (Sordaria fimicola: A Fungus used in Genetics, Volk). These organisms are what are called model organisms, or species that has been widely studied usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages (Sordaria fimicola, Volk). S. fimicola, because it is in the Ascomycota phylum, have a
pillbugs total 2 petri dishes Timer Investigation Plan: 1. Obtain 10 pillbugs. 2. Put 5 pillbugs in the first