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Liberalism and conservatism
Similarities and differences of conservatism and liberalism
Modern liberalism vs conservatism
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People can often be heard spewing nonsensical political jargon such as belonging to either the “Right” or “Left”, but what exactly does belonging to and holding such positions mean? There are a countless many political parties to which one can belong and although there are those who believe that they can be broken into the two categories and schools of thought; namely that of Liberalism and Conservatism, they are, without a doubt, completely wrong; However, before we address that, let us proceed to define these two ambiguous terms.
As Jonathan Heidt, a social psychologist stated in a 2008 presentation, at TED (the Technological, Entertainment and Design conferences), Conservatism and Liberalism operate at opposite ends of two extremes. Liberals, in a sense, “speak for the weak and oppressed; want change and justice, even at risk of chaos”, while Conservatives “speak for institutions and traditions; want order even at cost to those at the bottom [of society].
In regards to Liberalism, from a political standpoint, modern Liberals are by definition, contemporary freedom fighters, who have taken the ideas of Enlightenment to the extreme, and ultimately aiming to spread a public morality bereft and divergent of religion; and stress the importance of a fully integrated freedom of choice and speech (presumably within the letter of law); for example, the sanctioning of abortion and legalization of gay marriage.
Furthermore, they believe in a larger government, run by and for the people (more correctly, the masses) and for them to be treated equally with the elite class; ironically though, they endow affirmative action, which essentially grants one American citizen more opportunities than another, based on his or her belonging to a m...
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...ally those of the American social and political spheres, subscribe to their own unique blends of ideas, and as such, even the mere suggestion of demolishing the Democratic and Republican parties, and replacing them with either Liberal or Conservative labels, is simply absurd, and by all means impossible at this point, or at any future time for that matter and on that note, and on that note, I conclude.
Works Cited
1. Gregory L. Schneider, The Conservative Century: from Reaction to Revolution (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009),xiii
2. Princeton Review, Cracking the SAT U.S. & World History Tests, 2011-2012 Edition (N.P: Princeton Review, 2011), 84.
3. Gregory L. Schneider, The Conservative Century: from Reaction to Revolution (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009), xii.
4. http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/conservative-vs-liberal-beliefs/
Gordon S. Wood. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. Vintage; Reprint edition. March 2, 1993
3.The term Affirmative action has played a huge role in the past one hundred years of American politics. It is simply defined as an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer. Civil Rights of American citizens have drastically changed because of Affirmative action. With almost anything in politics, there is a debate for and against Affirmative action. Supporters of this say that this helps encourage e...
"The New Republic Faces a New Century." American Passages. 4th ed. Vol. 1. N.P.: Ayers 179, n.d. 179. Print
League, Ian, ed. “from the Crisis, No.1-Thomas Paine.” Elements of Literature-Fifth Course. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 2000: 108-111.
In the United States we are divided by the left and right side on the political spectrum; even further divided into political parties such as Republicans, on the right, and Democrats, on the left side. These two political parties show philosophical differences through their viewpoints on major topics such as the economy, separation of church and state, abortion, and gun control.
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as “a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order.”(Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as “a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets.” (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith.
Cohen, Daniel. "Chapter 4: Political Success of the Antiliquor Movement." 1 Oct. 1995. eLibrary. 26 Sept. 2013.
Today, political parties can be seen throughout everyday life, prevalent in various activities such as watching television, or seeing signs beside the road while driving. These everyday occurrences make the knowledge of political parties commonly known, especially as the two opposing political parties: the Republicans and the Democrats. Republican and Democrats have existed for numerous years, predominantly due to pure tradition, and the comfort of the ideas each party presents. For years, the existence of two political parties has dominated the elections of the president, and lower offices such as mayor, or the House of Representatives. Fundamentally, this tradition continues from the very emergence of political parties during the election of 1796, principally between Federalist John Adams and Anti-federalist Thomas Jefferson. Prior to this election people unanimously conformed to the ideas of one man, George Washington, and therefore did not require the need for political parties.1 However, following his presidency the public was divided with opposing opinions, each arguing the best methods to regulate the country. Ultimately, the emergence of different opinions regarding the future of the United States involving the economy, foreign relations, ‘the masses,’ and the interpretation of the Constitution, led to the two political parties of the 1790s and the critical election of 1800.
Starting during the 1970s, factions of American conservatives slowly came together to form a new and more radical dissenting conservative movement, the New Right. The New Right was just as radical as its liberal opposite, with agendas to increase government involvement beyond the established conservative view of government’s role. Although New Right politicians made admirable advances to dissemble New Deal economic policies, the movement as a whole counters conservativism and the ideologies that America was founded on. Although the New Right adopts conservative economic ideologies, its social agenda weakened the conservative movement by focusing public attention to social and cultural issues that have no place within the established Old Right platform.
Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
The Democrat Party’s and Republican Party’s ideologies and beliefs differ greatly from one another on all different issues. Their political cultures, which are defined as “the set of values, beliefs, and attitudes within which a political system operates” (Moten, 40) are very different from one another. They argue and disagree on issues that range from how the economy and the government should be run, to social issues such as gay marriage and abortion. I intend to compare the cultures of each political party, and in the process of doing so, show what issues both parties stand for and what they are against.
Modern liberalism and modern conservatism are both political outlooks that involve acceptance or support of the balance of the degree of social equality and social inequality; while they tend to avoid political changes that would result in extreme deviation of society to either side. Modern liberalism and modern conservatism tend not to be as centrist or middle-of-the-road ideologies as they once could be. Ideology is a set of ideas and beliefs that guide the goals, expectations, and actions of a group (Webster’s Dictionary). Individuals who are conservative or liberal tend to have views that align within a political party, whether it be Republican or democratic, but this is not always the case. There are conservative democrats, such as, Jim Costa and Jim Cooper and there are liberal republicans, such as, Nathaniel Banks and George Washington Julian. Another name for conservative democrats would be blue dog democrats while the nickname for liberal republicans is the Rockefeller republicans. These two ideologies tend to be more of the centrist ideologies. Modern liberals tend to be members of the Democratic Party because they support a wide range of welfare programs and government support of the public sector and tighter corporate regulations (PP Modern Liberalism). U.S. Conservatism evolved from classical liberalism, which makes them similar, yet there is many differences between modern conservatism and modern liberalism. There are principles and tenets that govern each ideology. A tenant is a belief or idea that is held as being true from a group (Webster’s Dictionary). In understanding both ideologies, it is imperative to have an understanding of classical liberalism. Classical liberalism was built on ideas from the seventeenth ...
A liberal in older days was not what one would be today; they were considered a person whom sought to use change, while a conservative is one who opposed change. The differences between a liberal and a conservative is a wide gap that focuses upon the fundamental beliefs of those within each group. Pure liberals are people who show themselves as liberal on both economic policy and personal conduct. This means "that they want the government to reduce economic inequality, regulate business, tax the rich heavily, cure the (presumably) economic causes of crime, allow abortions, protect the rights of the accused, and guarantee the broadest possible freedoms of speech and press." (Wilson, 121)
Jones, W. T. Masters of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947.
Schumaker Paul, Dwight C. Kiel, Thomas Heilke, Great Ideas/Grand Schemes: Political Ideologies in the 19th and 20th Centuries, New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1996. Schumaker Paul, Dwight C. Kiel, Thomas W. Heilke, Ideological Voices: An Anthology of Modern Political Ideas, New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997.