Elaine’s reaction to the high winds and extreme cold is because of her body maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the human body to maintain its internal environment at equilibrium, or in other terms, to keep the body at a constant temperature. This ability is regulated by the circulatory systems, endocrine systems, and the nervous system, because of how they organize the various functions in the human body’s system. When the body maintains homeostasis, it controls blood pressure, body temperature, pH, and glucose concentration. All four of these functions involve the use of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus manages blood pressure and breathing rates because of its regulation over the medulla oblongata. It is also the location of the thermostat of the body, because it has the administrative center for body temperature. The hypothalamus also has control over certain glands due to the manufacturing of hypothalamic-releasing factors and release-inhibiting factors. Such glands include the direct control of the pituitary gland, and the indirect control on secretions of other glands, such as the thyroid and adrenal cortex. (mhhe)
The body has different responses that maintain internal equilibrium. These responses are conducted by thermoreceptors. Thermoreceptors are neurons in the skin used to detect variances in temperature. The responses are in regard to two short-term and one long-term measure. The first response, which is in regard to the short-term, includes the contraction of the vascular smooth muscle. This will cause blood vessels to constrict, thus conserving heat for the body’s internal enviorment. The second short-term response causes skeletal muscles to involuntarily contract, like shivering...
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...tive tissue. The bones themselves are held together by ligaments (flexible bands of connective tissue), which provide stability to the knee joint. There are 4 main types of ligaments: the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL), the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Each of these ligaments has specific functions that limit movements of the knee bones. The ACL restrains the femur from sliding backward on the tibia. The PCL restrains the femur from sliding forward on the tibia. And the MCL and LCL limit the side-ways motion of the femur. There are also two pieces of cartilage known as the medial and lateral menisci. These pieces of cartilage are c-shaped and act as a cushion between the femur and tibia. Fluid-filled sacs, also known as bursae, which helps the knee move smoothly. (webmd)
In order for athletes to save their active lifestyles they need understand the ACL. The ACL is the most important ligament in the knee because it provides stability to the knee. Athletes have to be aware of the importance of the ACL and know its functions in order to preserve the ligament. The ACL otherwise know as the anterior cruciate ligament is the ligament in the knee that connects the upper leg bone which is the femur to the lower leg bone which is the tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament crosses with the posterior cruciate ligament inside the center of the knee joint to stabilize to the knee in movement.
The most common knee injury in sports is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through tears or sprains. “They occur in high demand sports that involve planting and cutting, jumping with a poor landing, and stopping immediately or changing directions” (University of Colorado Hospital). The ACL is a ligament that runs diagonally in the middle of the knee and found at the front of the patellar bone. Its function involves controlling the back and forth motion of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and providing rational stability to the knee. Interestingly, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. The occurrence is four to six times greater in female athletes.
While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Blood circulation and consistent transfer of oxygen to cells is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Disturbances to this process will cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This state of balance and functioning body systems is referred to as homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes” (Tortura 8). Changes or disruptions to homeostasis are regulated by the Endocrine and Nervous systems of the body. The endocrine system is made up of glands placed throughout the body
To understand the importance of the ACL, the knee as a whole must be examined. The knee is formed by the femur, the tibia, and the patella. Several muscles and ligaments control the motion of the knee and protect it from damage at the same time. Ligaments are dense structures of connective tissue that fasten bone to bone and stabilize the knee. Two ligaments on either side of the knee, called the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, stabilize the knee from side-to-side. The ACL along with the posterior cruciate ligament are of a pair of ligaments in the center of the knee joint that form a cross. T...
Homeostasis is the biological process that maintains a stable internal environment despite what occurs in the external environment. Chemicals and bodily functions are maintained in a balanced state so the body may function optimally. There are various systems in the human body that require maintenance through the processes of biochemical checks and balances so they may function properly. One of these systems includes the rise and fall of blood glucose and is under the control of the homeostatic regulation process. Homeostasis is essential in blood glucose regulation as high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) are dangerous and can affect the human body in many ways and can also lead
occurs so the heat deep in the muscles is conserved. Since the vessels are now
There is a variety of homeostatic procedures that the internal environment maintains within an acceptable limit. Without the control of the homeostatic system the body suffers various issues. These issues like cellular failure can
Ligaments are tough, non-stretchable fibers that hold bones together. Damage to cruciate ligaments, which crisscross the knee to give it stability, is one of the most common sports injuries. The “tear” occurs from changing direction rapidly, slowing down from running, or landing from a jump improperly. The A.C.L tear is one injury that worries athletes in all sports at all levels because of its devastating effects. People ages 15-25 that participate in basketball and other sports that require pivoting are especially at risk.
Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every organ in the body. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help regulate the body’s response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for other necessary functions including: helping to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, helping to slow the immune system’s inflammatory response, helping to balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and helping to maintain proper arousal of sense of well being. The amount of cortisol is precisely balanced and regulated by the brain’s hypothalamus.
The extra heat produced during metabolic exchange, raises the body temperature again affecting the enzymes and heat is then removed by sweating. If the body isn’t kept hydrated during exercise, dehydration will occur, causing the blood to become concentrated. When the blood becomes concentrated, the cells no longer have enough water to function.
The ACL is a dynamic structure whose main function is to provide primary restraint to anterior tibial subluxation. It provides secondary restraint limiting internal rotation and restraint with the knee in full extension. Along with the posterior crutiate ligament, it provides the axis for knee rotation and links rotation with flexion and extension.
In order to understand how the menisci can be injured, you must understand the basic anatomy of the menisci and why they are important. The menisci are two oval (semilunar) fibrocartilages that deepen the articular facets of the tibia and cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint. They enhance the total stability of the knee, assist in the control of normal knee motion, and provide shock absorption against compression forces between the tibia and the femur (Booher, 2000). Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones that make up the joint. The articular cartilage surface is a tough, very slick material that allows the surfaces to slide against one another without damage to either surface. This ability of the meniscus to spread out the force on the joint surfaces as we walk is important because it protects the articular cartilage from excessive forces occurring in any one area on the joint surface, leading to degeneration over time (Sutton, 1999).
I found out that this is because the blood is feeding the muscles oxygen at first then the body wants to lose heat from the body created my movement as well so the blood vessels
The human body is a network of muscles, bones, organs and overall, it is constantly working in its own ways to make sure that the body is performs and functions properly. The most important systems in the body, the nervous and endocrine system, both play huge roles in regulating the biological processes inside an organism. They are the basic systems that pretty much control the body, helping it react properly to any external factor. The main difference between these two systems is that the nervous system uses impulses to control the muscles while the endocrine uses chemical stimuli to pass the signal to the target cells or organs. These two systems have their
Lastly, blood is involved in maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback loops such as temperature regulation, blood pH, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure.