4.1. Regression analysis
The OLS function that was used to assess the impact of EU enlargement on agriculture sector of Britain was as follows.
After conducting two OLS analytical tests for 2000 to 2004 and 2005 to 2010, the following were the results.
Before 2004 EU enlargement (2000-2004)…Equation II
After 2004 EU enlargement (2005-2010)…Equation III
The simple OLS results for the period before the EU enlargement in 2004 indicated that international immigrant stock had no impact on the agricultural sector. The co- efficient of determination was zero indicating that international immigrant stock had no influence on the crop production index (agricultural sector productivity). The assumption that was held in this case was that crop production index represented the productivity of Britain and the international stock of population represented openness to international labor market. According to diverse literatures such as Csáki & Jámbor (2010), Csáki & Jámbor (2009) and Dobson (2009), one of the impact areas of EU enlargement in 2004 was immigration and consequently factor market as illustrated in figure 1 in literature review.
The results in equation II (before the enlargement) are therefore correct as far as this study is concerned. During this period it is expected that there are low stock of immigrants and hence labor supply is relative low than demand (Dobson, 2009). Consequently, productivity in crop and food would be low. The results obtained in the study are true as supported in graph 1 below. Graph 1 indicates that just before 2004, the trend of crop and livestock production index were declining.
Graph 1: Trend of crop and livestock production index
However, the second period of analysis indicated that EU enlargeme...
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...e. This has also been found to be true based on the findings of this research.
Therefore, the research objectives have been answered reliably and topical question “Was the impact of EU enlargement of 2004 on Britain agriculture positive or negative? It was positive as observed from co-efficient arrived at in the analysis.
5.2. Future research and recommendation
Further research should be conducted with diverse possibilities such as conducting cross-sectional and comparative analysis focusing on many developed countries. Additionally, more factors relating to international relations and bilateral, multilateral relationships should be considered and not just a single sector.
5.3. Learning statement
The skills that have been learnt in this exercise include report compilation and communication skills, time management and effective search of data and sequent analysis.
Household´s decision could be influence by wages for hired labor, wages for off-farm work, declines in crop yields (e.g. due to short rainy season or plant diseases) or yield increases (e.g. due to water availability, improve planting material). Therefore a sensitivity analysis is performed in order to see the household responses. For the sensitivity analysis to wages and yields, five levels of the factor were considered 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.3 and 1.5. During the simulation run tested factor is kept constant at the initially chosen
To try and conclude on this topic I am going to rely on primary data
In conclusion I believe that I have developed both skills working with others and improving your own learning and performance. But I need to work on these skills so I can use them in a more effective way; and I also recognise that I will not develop these in a short period of time. I will have to work on the strategies I have mentioned throughout the assignment in order to improve these skills.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing livelihood to approximately 75 per cent of the population. There is considerable scope for diversification and expansion of the agricultural sector through accelerated food crop production, processing and marketing.
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
Many economic factors have been influenced by an increasing number of immigrants that have entered our country. Population growth has had a direct effect on our economy. The rate of population increase and how equip the United States is to handle this growth could have many different effects on the economy that could be considered productive or destructive to our economy. Productivity for more goods and services could increase due to the increase in demand or it could result in the opposite and demand could decrease because of so many people and lack of economic stability. There are countless possibilities of the actual result of increased immigration.
The data obtained and used for estimation would be presented in tabular form so as to ensure a clear view of variables. The data would also be analyzed following the trend of the growth pattern of the different variables.
Any complete report on British agricultural innovations, however, would be remiss if it were not to include the logistical innovations which ma...
In modern times the scene has changed with Produce being packed in wooden crates, bamboo baskets, plastic crates, plastic bags, or nylon sacks, and there are numerous opportunities to reduce the impacts of such packaging (UNIDO 2014). In Myanmar, mangosteen and rambutan are packed by crate. Bunches of banana are covered by banana leaves, which are used as packaging material for the protection of damage of bananas during the transportation. High value of Durian is packed by bamboo basket (Kyawmyint 2003). The European Union dedicates part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to the fruit and vegetable sector. It supports producers and fruit and vegetable cooperatives by offering them support via various different measures: the Single Payment Scheme; Producer Organisations; transitional payments for red berries; the promotion of agricultural produce; the School Fruit Scheme and rural development measures (European Farmers and Agri-Cooperatives). But in Gordon Foxall (2008) paper “Cooperative marketing in European agriculture” depicts that the United Kingdom differs from most of its
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) represents the set of policies that the European Economic Community first and the European Union, after, have adopted in the agricultural sector conceiving it as a strategic field to achieve an equal and stable development in the Member States. This sector's peculiarities caused agriculture to become the most integrated productive sector at the European level, the one in which the EU action supersedes the Member States' activity more intensively and more frequently. In this context, Italy has received large benefits from the CAP, since this has been an important instrument both to cooperate with other national states and to develop its territories, especially in the southern part of the country.
Carswell, G., 1997. Agricultural Intensification and Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Think Piece. IDS Working Paper 64, Brighton: IDS.
...o climate change. All of these have caused an impact on the ability to produce crops and grow agriculturally. Climate change has been increasing the number of droughts, floods, health hazards of employees, natural disasters, and sea level elevations. All of these put in danger the crop productivity resulting in famines and food price increments. Climate change affects agriculture in every country differently due to its location. Countries such as Canada and Russia are being affected positively by climate change since it has enabled the country to prosper agriculturally. Other countries cannot handle drastic temperature changes, such as Sudan and Bangladesh, whose agricultural growth has been affected negatively by the climatic changes. Agriculture is fundamental in a country, creating a balance between agriculture and the increasing climatic changes would be ideal.
Agriculture has changed dramatically, especially since the end of World War II. Food and fibre productivity rose due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use, specialization and government policies that favoured maximizing production. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the food and fibre.
Once the models are constructed, reduced forms are derived and empirically tested. The estimated results usually include both short-run and long run price (own and related prices) elasticities. In studying the economics of perennial crops short-run responses refer to changes in supply from a fixed stock of capital consisting of the existing number of trees. Long-run responses refer to changes in capacity. Putting it differently, the issues related to short-run responses are not different from those pertaining to annual crops. In such a case the variable inputs are use of fertilizer and labour. The short-run consideration is, therefore, the alternative renumerative activities for such
GDP grew in the year 2001-02 at a rate of 4.5% and was projected to grow by 5.5% in the year 2002-03. In the year 2001-02 contribution of agriculture is 24.6%, industry 26.5% and the balance by services other sectors. It was noted that the share of industrial production in the GDP was growing indicating revival of the economy. Contribution of industrial sector increased from average 11.11% in the year 1999-2000 to 25% in 2001-02 and was poised to account for 30% in the year 2002-03. Conducive policies announced by the government for industrial development led to revival of the economy. Figure 1.1 shows the GDP growth from 1997-2003.