diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, and utilization. There are many forms of diabetes. “Diabetes increases the risk of heart and blood vessel disease, amputation, infections, kidney damage, eye problems (including blindness), and nerve malfunction” (Husain). I will briefly define the different forms of diabetes and then I will discuss diabetes mellitus in general. 1.

Type 2 diabetes, the vastly more predominant form of diabetes, accounts for roughly 95 % of individuals affected by diabetes mellitus, and stems from an insulin resistance that is gradually increases with time (“Diagnosis and Clarification,” 2008). Diabetes is a serious disease and if managed incorrectly, it can be responsible for causing various health complications. These health problems include, but not limited to: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, and non-traumatic lower limb amputation. According to the American Diabetes Association (2014), diabetes is responsible for causing more deaths a year than breast cancer and AIDS combined. Although type 1 diabetes is a well-known form of diabetes mellitus, the remainder of this paper will focus solely on type 2 diabetes.

With Diabetes Insipidus the body cannot respond well to, or store a hormone properly. That hormone would be antidiuretic hormone, more commonly known as ADH. With Diabetes Insipidus, you can experience most of the same symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus. With unquenchable thirst, and high output of diluted urine, polyuria, producing anywhere from 2 liters daily to about 20. Which compared to the 1.5-2 liters daily in a patient without Diabetes Insipidus, is pretty high.

Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a chemical produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both. Approximately 2.7 million or 11.4% of all African Americans aged 20 years or older have diabetes. However, one-third of them do not know it. The most life-threatening consequences of diabetes are heart disease and stroke, which strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others.

One of the most common illnesses in the world, diabetes is described as hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or lack of insulin production ("Diagnosis and classification," 2008). Out of 8% of population that has diabetes, type II diabetes consists about 90-95% of all the diabetic population ("Diagnosis and classification," 2008). Historically, type II diabetes was also called adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes. However, lately, type II diabetes has been increasingly prevalent in younger population. Normally, insulin produced by the pancreas is transported from bloodstream to the body cells or stored by the liver in the form of glycogen in order to balance blood glucose level.

In the path physiology of the disease, a triggering event causes the production of antibodies that kill the beta cells which leads to a decline in insulin secretion. Once the insulin deficiency occurs, and more than 90 % of beta cells are destroyed, hyperglycemia occurs (Rosdahl, 2008). An individual... ... middle of paper ... ...igher. Blood glucose levels can exceed 600 which is very dangerous. An individual who is experiencing this state would exhibit signs of gradual infection due to stressors or decrease fluid intake, altered central nervous system function with altered level of consciousness, increased thirst, increased uriniation, high fever, drowsiness, headache, restlessness, visual problems, and hallucinations.

On record for the year 2007, there were 71,382 deaths from which diabetes was the primary underlying cause of death, with an additional 160,022 deaths, where diabetes was a significant contributing factor ("American Diabetes Association," 2014). Factors that contribute to having diabetes depend on which form you have, can result from lifestyle choices (diet) or genetics. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the complications of diabetes. The most common symptoms include frequent urination, extreme thirst, extreme hunger, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts/bruises, weight loss (specifically Type 1), and tingling/pain/numbness in hands/feet. When someone has extremely high blood glucose the body does on have enough insulin or it is not using it properly and this called hyperglycemia.

Diabetes Mellitus Michelle Hanley,2056 01/15/14 PTV ILIEANA ALANIZ Diabetes Mellitus is a very serious disease that can lead to many complications of the human body. There are two main types of diabetes, Type I and Type II. It is considered a chronic disease requiring lifelong behavioral and lifestyle changes. It has become a major health problem worldwide. DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both.

The immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas resulting into hormone deficit. This means that individuals with type one diabetes mellitus have to be supplemented with insulin as failure to supplement may lead to death. Type two is characterized by high levels of blood glucose which is referred to as hyperglycemia. It is the most common type of diabetes accounting for 90 to 95 % of diabetic cases. Gestational diabetes affects pregnant mothers and is known to disappear after birth.

Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes and their Causes Diabetes is a disease where the body is no longer able to produce enough insulin or any at all; therefore, it can cause escalated glucose levels in the blood. In the United States alone in 2012, 9.3 percent of the population or 29.1 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes (National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014). There are three different types of diabetes; type 1, type 2, and gestational. Each type of diabetes is formed differently, but they are all treatable and manageable. Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin.