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Diversity in the u.s
Essays on suburbanization
Introduction To Suburbanization
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“In the end, the ultimate success of white flight was the way in which it led whites away from responsibility for the problems they had done much to create.” In White Flight, author Kevin Kruse studies white Atlantans’ movement away from the inner city to the suburbs. According to Kruse, this movement began as white flight and morphed into what he calls “suburban secession.” Kruse makes a convincing argument that white flight occurred as African-Americans were pressed by a shortage of housing in traditional black neighborhoods, and encouraged by the rising tide of the civil rights movement, to seek residence in traditionally white city neighborhoods. White residents at first resisted these movements and then retrenched in suburbs that made …show more content…
The whites first turned to organized violence and intimidation, but soon learned that resistance proved ineffective and instead began to couch their resistance in terms of protecting the integrity of communities and emphasizing their individual rights to live amongst people of their choosing. Meanwhile, those that could afford to rushed out of integrating neighborhoods. In doing so, these efforts often proved successful at maintaining de facto segregation despite official integration efforts. They emphasized a conservative ideology that used "freedom of association,” the right to associate (and not associate) with people of their choosing. When this line of reasoning proved ineffectual at stopping the tide of integration, those middle-class whites simply abandoned spaces, which dovetailed with their ideological claims of relinquishing any moral or financial responsibility for addressing public inner-city problems. his is known as white flight. In simpler terms, whites literally fled their homes and towns because African American’s were moving in. But, white flight wasn’t only a racial divide, it was a class divide as
“I repeatedly forgot each of the realizations on this list until I wrote it down. For me, white privilege has turned out to be an elusive and fugitive subject. The pressure to avoid it is great, for in facing it I must give up the myth of meritocracy. If these things are true, this is not such a free country; one’s life is not what one makes it; many doors open for certain people through no virtues of their own.”
First ,during the time of integration white students showed a total lack of concern as proven in " A roundtable discussion" facilitated by nbc news.
The author skirts around the central issue of racism by calling it a “class struggle” within the white population of Boston during the 1960s and 1970s. Formisano discuses the phenomenon known as “white flight”, where great numbers of white families left the cities for the suburbs. This was not only for a better lifestyle, but a way to distance themselves from the African Americans, who settled in northern urban areas following the second Great Migration.
Charles, Camille (2003). The dynamics of racial residential segregation. Annual Review of Sociology, 167. Retrieved from http://jstor.org/stable/30036965.
Before African Americans moved to this area, Harlem was “designed specifically for white workers who wanted to commute into the city” (BIO Classroom). Due to the rapid growth of white people moving there and the developers not having enough transportation to support those people to go back and forth between downtown to work and home most of the residents left. Th...
The setting of the story is Chicago’s South Side. This area of Chicago was known as the “capital of black America” (Manning), and according to Andrew Wiese, Chicago used to be known as “the most segregated city in America” (118). These seriously contradictory statements are true. Chicago’s South Side was home to William L. Dawson, who was the most powerful black politician at the time, and Joe Luis, who was a boxing champion and was known as the most popular black man in America (Manning). It was the most popular place for blacks to migrate to during the Great Migration, and the population grew from 278,000 blacks to 813,000 blacks. Most of the neighborhoods located in the South Side were poor and highly segregated from the rich white neighborhoods located just outside the South Side (Pacyga). The housing in these areas was very poor as well. Most of the African Americans at the time lived in a small apartment called a kitchenette. These were cramped with a small kitchen and small rooms (Plotkin). Lorraine Hansberry describes the Youngers house as a worn out, cramped, and very small apartment (23). She also talks about the small kitchen, living room, and bedrooms (24). These apartments were not ideal, but it was all that many African Americans could afford. If African Americans tried to move nicer neighborhoods, whites would perform violent acts on them (Choldin). This violence was recorded in a African American newspaper, known the Chicago Defender (Best).
The downgrading of African Americans to certain neighborhoods continues today. The phrase of a not interested neighborhood followed by a shift in the urban community and disturbance of the minority has made it hard for African Americans to launch themselves, have fairness, and try to break out into a housing neighborhood. If they have a reason to relocate, Caucasians who support open housing laws, but become uncomfortable and relocate if they are contact with a rise of the African American population in their own neighborhood most likely, settle the neighborhoods they have transfer. This motion creates a tremendously increase of an African American neighborhood, and then shift in the urban community begins an alternative. All of these slight prejudiced procedures leave a metropolitan African American population with few options. It forces them to remain in non-advanced neighborhoods with rising crime, gang activity, and...
Another inequality that African Americans faced in the Consumers’ Republic was during the 1950s and 1960s, when African Americans were discriminated against from accessing housing in suburbia. After the postwar period, suburbia saw a 45 percent increase in growth because American citizens wanted to live the “American Dream” by living in a fancy neighbourhood with white picket fences, cars, and children, demonstrating the status of a middle class citizen (p. 195). White Americans left major metropolitan cities and went to the suburbs because African American veterans were overcrowding these areas after the war. White Americans viewed African Americans as beacons of greater poverty and crime and continued this fear as they moved to the suburbs because they believed that if their neighbourhood became racially intermixed then their property value would fall (p. 213). The first sort of
The phenomenon of ‘White flight’ became ever more drastic after the Watts riots were spread over every newspaper and television broadcast. Data shows a definite increase in the amount of Whites moving out of cities with a relatively high Black population, as well as declining property values in those same cities afterwards. While the Civil Right Movement gained even more traction after the Watts riots, even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Black population had still any direct results other than years later when a Black workforce started to come into being. Strain theory seems to be relevant when analyzing any Black riots, as many consist of Blacks looting and burning community stores and, in some cases, destroying their own homes and neighborhoods as well, and applying strain theory would seem to imply that Blacks having nothing to lose by doing so. Opinion polls since the era show sudden change in White opinion on Blacks, especially when looking at the approval ratings of interracial marriage. In 1958, only 4% of Americans approved of interracial marriage, which seems to support that the Watts riots, while accelerating some aspects of the Civil Rights Movement, seems to have created an image in the back of the mind of American citizens of an unruly Black
With the passing of the Fifteenth Amendment, Blacks earned the right to vote. This, although powerful in appearance, had little effect on the segregation that Atlanta’s white population had adopted. Black voters boosted the presence of the Republican Party, but not enough to over through that of the Democrats. As Atlanta’s growth subsided and the military presence was lifted, blacks left the inner city, taking refuge on the outskirts of town. Atlanta had seemingly succeeded in its goals. It welcomed northerners with open arms, but dealt with the blacks by simply shunting them to one side. Over time, blacks and whites simply lived life apart from one another.
In the 1940s, African Americans were facing the problem of discrimination. They fought to receive the rights that all Americans were given through the United States Constitution. They were being treated unfairly in society. Their education, jobs, transportation, and more were inferior to a white citizen’s. With the end of slavery and the creation of the Fourteenth Amendment, African Americans were theoretically given their freedom like every other American. The way they were treated denied them these rights that they thought they would obtain. Through the efforts of white bigots and the biased government, African Americans were segregated from the free lives of the white civilian. Prior to the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans faced discrimination
White supremacy is a current issue in society today. It takes place throughout the world and is a very serious thing. There are a lot of people who have revolted against these White Power groups. While trying to overthrow or suppress the White Power groups, people may have been beaten or killed in some cases. There are a lot of these groups out there now with thousands of followers.
This time in the post World War II era, many African Americans had began to become a more urbanized center of population, around 1970. (Inmotionaame, pg. 1) The regular population included about 70 percent of just the natural population to live in more urbanized cities. (Inmotionaame, pg. 1) Soon African Americans dominated, having 80 percent of their community to live and take the same benefits in more urbanized centers of the Unites States. (Inmotionaame, pg. 2) Only about 53 percent of African Americans and others who seemed to migrate stayed in the same area around the South. (Inmotionaame, pg. 2)
Holli, Melvin G. "Race, Ethnicity and Urbanization: Selected Essays." Journal of American Ethnic History 16 (1996): 110-125.
85) describes a common belief that “because not all white people owned slaves, no white people can be held accountable or inconvenienced by the legacy of slavery.” Reading this and reflecting on the jarring details I learned about my family’s history once I took the time to ask, I have to wonder how many white people assume that their ancestors were not slave-owners simply because the information has not been deliberately passed down to them. It’s easier not to ask tough questions about your history and to simply attribute the success of your white relatives to hard work and determination. As a white person, when you know that your relatives really were hard-working and determined, it can be very difficult to remember that they were still hard-working, determined, and