2.8.0 Conceptual Framework
2.8.1 The UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework of Under nutrition and Ill health
The Food utilization and nutrition framework developed by UNICEF recognizes three levels of determinants of under-nutrition: the basic, underlying and immediate causes of under nutrition (See Figure 2. 5 below). The immediate causes of the nutritional status at the level of the individual human being are dietary intake and health status. The two factors are interlinked: dietary intake should meet a certain threshold in terms of quantity and quality, nutrient intake should be balanced in terms carbohydrates, protein and fat (macronutrients) and vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) and appropriately absorbed in the human body (Pangaribowo et al., 2013). As an example of the interdependence, loss of appetite is a common consequence of infection and sickness which might further reduce dietary intake (IFPRI, 2012).
At the household level, the dietary intake of specific individuals involves two major issues: what food is being served on the table (household food demand) and who is to eat it (intra-household food distribution) (Weingärtner, 2010).Other aspects such as habits and knowledge about food
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In bringing out the relationship that exists among these concepts, the study presents a framework that explains how nutrition affects health and agriculture. As pointed out earlier, anything that affects nutrition and health is capable of affecting agricultural outcomes and income (Asenso-Okyere et al., 2011a).Poor nutrition results in Ill health (leading to morbidity and sometimes mortality), low labour and reduced income due to incapacitation of the economically active population also affects the quantity and quality of labor supply to the household because the sick abstain completely or partially from work during the period of illness (IFPRI,
World hunger is a very important epidemic because of the risks or implications it imposes on the rest of the world. Juveniles are the utmost apparent victims of under-nutrition. 2.6 million children die as a result of hunger-related causes each year. 66 million school-aged children go to classes hungry across the developing world, with 23 million in Africa alone. One in four of the world's youth are kept from growing due to malnutrition. In developing countries the proportion can rise to one in three. A strong maternal-infant bond provided through psychosocial stimulation is essential for positive child development. The formation of this bond at the beginning of life is an essential step that sets the stage for cognitive,emotional, and social development later in life. Feeding and other care practices provide opportunities for psychosocial stimulation and help to establish a positive attachment between caregiver and child.(WHO) Under-nutrition magnifies the effect of every disease, such as measles,diarrhea and malaria. Asia has the largest number of hungry people (over 500 million) however S...
"Hunger and Malnutrition." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary L. Gavin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2014.
I have chosen this tool as it is widely used in healthcare; however malnutrition is often unrecognised and mismanaged. According BAPEN some three million people in the UK are at risk or are malnourished. Malnutrition can affect a patient physically, mentally and can also increase recovery time (Zellipour, & Stratton, 2005). This assignment will help me understand the theory and rationale behind the development of the MUST.
Introduction The phrase, “We are what we eat” holds some essential validity and truth to it. Food is a constituent feature of our environmental ties to where we subside. It is a part of our daily lives. It can act as a form of communication with other individuals. Food can be an indicator of the nutrition idiosyncratic cultural groups are practicing.
Chronic food shortages are widespread, and malnutrition levels among young children are high. These statistics are slightly higher in rural as opposed to urban areas.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Pitts and Koufopoulos (2012) argue that resources and capability are highly important internal factors that should be taken into account by the organization in order to obtain the successful performance in the long run.
Nutrition assessments include clinical and dietary assessment, anthropometrics, as well as biochemical, laboratory immunologic and functional indices of nutritional status (Gibney, 2005). In epidemiological studies, different dietary investigation tools were designed to assess the nutritional status in individuals and populations, nutrition monitoring and surveillance and diet-disease research (Friedenreich, et al., 1992, Taren, 2002).
Even though there are numerous families that struggle to put food on the table, protein deficiency is rare in the United States, but can be seen in third world countries like Africa. However, protein deficiency disorders can occur even in the United States with people suffering from “alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, or certain intestinal tract disorders, [as well as] those who are elderly, have limited incomes, and are chronically ill”(Schiff 2013). Under nutrition of any kind is due to a lack of food in some fashion whether from crop failures, political unrest, or civil wars, but the etiology of Kwashiorkor and other protein deficiencies is often more complicated. Protein energy malnutrition (also known as PEM) affects people who do not consume sufficient amounts of protein. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 18% of children are underweight due to malnutrition of some kind, including protein-energy malnutrition. There are in fact two types of PEM, kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in developing countries, primarily occurring where mothers breastfeed their infants until they give birth to another child. The older
To decrease HIV transmission and to minimise the impact of the epidemic, on children, young people and families, through the growing effectiveness of national action to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the East of Asia and the Pacific regions. They aim to provide practical support and aid at community level, encouraging the full engament of people affected by HIV/AIDS.
Food insecurity and poor nutrition is an alarmingly large problem for low income families, especially in developing countries. Many strategies exist to fight this problem, although not many of these address all the factors contributing to it along with all the possible solutions to solve it. In many cases, multiple strategies must correlate and work together so that all the determinants of this issue are addressed and can fight food insecurity from different angles. This essay will discuss the significance of the problem, a range of possible strategies to solve the problem, and go into detail on a select few that will correlate and work together to solve different factors of food insecurity and poor nutrition.
Struble, M.B., and L.L. Aomari. “Position of the world Dietetic Association: Addressing world hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity.” American Dietetic Association. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103.8 (2003): 1046. ProQuest. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
The majority of starving people live in developing countries, mainly located in Asia, the Pacific, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Starvation is also mostly found in low-income, rural areas. However, hunger has been on the rise in urban areas as well (“Frequently” 2). One of the major causes of world hunger is the significant lack of food security, or the ability of people to have access to healthy, nutritional food at all times, in many areas of the world (Marsh, Alagona 254). Due to this major lack of food security, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) estimated, “that 25,000 people die each day from hunger [, and]… between 1998 and 2000, there were 840 million undernourished people in the world—nearly a sixth of the world’s population,” (“Hunger” 2). Hunger is now a larger health risk than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined, and it has become a serious problem (“Frequently”
Increased economic development/production negatively affects a country's environmental and agricultural health. Agriculture holds a significant role in underdeveloped countries. It is often the backbone of their economic and social well-being. It acts as the main source of employment and income, 70% of a country's population rely on framing as a mean of living (CITE HERE). Because most underdeveloped countries have low rates of educational attainment, farming is a popular source of employment.
Braun, J. von, and Eileen Kennedy. Agricultural commercialization, economic development, and nutrition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
The second type of hunger is considered to be named as chronic or endemic hunger, because it is not felt by the majority of people. However, it can hold some subtle but significant changes in human body developing. For example, children may be underweight on the background of their coevals. The lack of the daily consumption of the vitamin A may cause problems with visio...