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Turkey On The Accession To The EU
Turkey On The Accession To The EU
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The relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU) represents a wide spectrum of concerns and motives relevant to both and carves the path for dense political and economic transformations in both political entities, directly impacting and revolutionizing the socio-cultural milieu and laying basis for fundamental movement in ideological and existential determinations outlining aims and ambitions central to both at all levels of their positioning as global and international actors which in turn directly influences internal politics and decision making processes. The association between the two entities is a direct determinant of the increasingly relevant concept of regionalism wherein mutual interests drive political and economic alignments amongst states characterized by integration into regions. Regionalism has become increasingly popular as states have realized that their interests are more closely bound up with contiguous states, that their interactions are more frequent with closer neighbors, and that regional coordination is an effective method of protecting their interests and promoting milieu goals at the global level. However, the boundaries of these regions, and their criteria for membership and exclusion, seldom occur naturally and obviously. The patterns of congruence, complementarity and connection between states tend to overlap, complicating the task of defining a regional configuration in which members' interactions are more intense and interests more convergent than between members and non-members. Emphasis on different communities of interests or patterns of interaction will produce different regional configurations. So the membership of the region is determined by its defining criteria, or those communit... ... middle of paper ... ...ture as much as the economy, and are based on the logic that the more culturally similar Turkey becomes to Europe Works Cited • Yesilada, Birol. (2002). “Turkey’s Candidacy for EU Membership”. Middle East Journal, Vol. 56. No. 1. Publisher: Middle East Institute. • International Crisis Group. 2007. Europe Report No. 184. “Turkey and Europe: The Way Ahead” • Wesley, Michael. (1997). “The politics of exclusion: Australia, Turkey and definitions of Regionalism”. The Pacific Review. • Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament: Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges 2009-2010, Annex 1. (Brussels: Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009) • Commission of the European Communities, Regular Report: Turkey 1999, Annex 1. (Brussels: Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999)
MacDermott, D. (1993). As we see you. In D. Grant & G. Seal (Eds.), Australia in the world (pp. 86-91). Perth: Black Swan Press
While taking the class of Early Modern European History there was two states that really stuck out and peaked my interest the most. They were the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. If you compare and contrast both the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe during the 16th Century through the 18th Century, you will see that there are a number of similarities as well as differences when you look at the expansion of the states. You will also see many of these contrasts as well when you look in terms of each states military and commerce. Although the Ottoman Empire existed before the 16th century and continued to exist past the 18th century and in great decline until the early 20th century, when looking at the state as a whole the time period of 1500’s through the 1700’s is a period of growth and strength. It is perhaps even known as a golden era for the state, when taking in to comparison the Early Modern Europeans where the same time period marks a change in how society thought and how people were treated.
The purpose of this paper is to look for the relations between Turkey and America from the cold war to current issues I will study on the situations that are developed between America and Turkey starts from the end of the cold war such as “Truman doctrine”, “missile crisis” and “gulf war”.
Throughout the next decades, the Armenian Question became a complicated subject between Ottoman government and European Powers and it
Islam has been a dominant force throughout Turkish history. During the Ottoman Empire, Islam ruled every part of the theocratic state, but after the demise of the empire, Turkey's rulers led the country away from political Islam. The modern Turkish state has a strictly secular government, and Islam has been relegated to the personal sphere. Although Turkey has experienced a rise in fundamentalism in the past twenty years, the separation of church and state has remained relatively intact. Even with this increase of fundamentalist Islam, the wide majority of Muslims in Turkey are moderate and tolerant. They have adapted to modern life and value Islam for its moral and spiritual messages. Islam is a guide for right living and ethical conduct rather than a political system. Turkey constantly struggles to balance Islamic life with a secular government. Although the government wants to maintain a strict separation between religion and politics, it cannot ignore the power and influence that Islam has in the lives of the Turkish people.
Turkish-Syrian relations have almost always been soured and hostile in some fashion, dating back as early as the 1500’s. With a perpetual tit-for-tat policy and retaliation method that has been in effect between the two nations, it wasn’t until around 2003 or so in which Turkish relations to Syria had turned mostly friendly in response to the United States’ invasion of Iraq and Assad growing concerned over Syria being invaded as well. To gain more allies and help deter against this, Assad looked to Turkey for support, who was not only happy to better their ties with Syria, but was also in strong disagreement with the United States’ decision to invade Iraq as well. That is until the last five years in which the acting government in Syria has become increasingly more violent and hostile to it’s own people; essentially forcing the Turkish government to reject the growing friendly ties in the name of democracy. The geographic placement of Turkey in relation to the Middle-East and Europe, and particularly Syria, puts the country as a whole in a precarious situation from multiple powerful influences, such as NATO, the EU as well as the UN, and on the inverse, major Islamic figures and traditions held in the region. Because of this, Turkish history has been shaped and formed from the two major influences pulling on the country in very contrasting ways: The west, and the benefits of modernity and non-secularism in the state, and the East, and the fundamental religious beliefs of many who reside there who do not wish to break tradition or stray from their fundamental beliefs. Today is no different, although Turkey is increasingly leaning to the western state of mind and politics as a result of the shaky rela...
Thomassen, J. 2009. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. In: Thomassen, J. Eds. The Legitimacy of the European Union after Enlargement. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 67-86.
Uvalic, M. (2002, July). Regional Cooperation and the Enlargement of the European Union: Lessons Learned? International Political Science Review, 23(3), 319-333.
Turkey or as it is officially known the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia. Turkey was founded as a republic in 1923. There administration is a unitary system. Being a relatively new nation, they have much room grow. Along with that growth, there is a lot to learn from brother and sister nations.
After WWII, many politically influential people saw a need to create some form of interdependence between the nation states of Europe as a means to preventing further war (Watts, 2008: p6). In 1951 Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg all signed the Treaty of Paris creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC); the beginnings of an integrated Europe which has seen many changes since its creation (Thody, 1997: p1). Today it has become the highly integrated European Union with 28 member states, 18 of which share a single currency (Archick, 2014: p1). The process of EU integration is a complex one, as can be seen in its history and will surely be seen in its future. There is no simple explanation that can successfully explain the growth of the EU from a economic community of six nation states to the political and economic union it has become today. However there are two competing theories for explaining EU integration that give opposing views on the matter, neo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism. In this essay I will examine both theories and attempt to reach a conclusion if either successfully explains EU integration.
Hübner, Danuta. "EU Cohesion Policy 1988-2008 Investing in Europe's Future." Info Regio 26 (2008): 1-36. Print.
Turkey is a country with a vibrant and colorful culture located between Europe and Asia. It has a booming economy of tobacco, cotton, hazelnuts, olives, and livestock. On October 23, 1923, the European land of Thrace and the Asian portion of the land of Anatolia known as the Ottoman Empire became to be the country of Turkey. The Country’s capital changed from Istanbul to Ankara in 1922 after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The population of Turkey is around 72,907,000 people, mostly made up of Turks and Kurds. For the most part, Turkey’s culture has become very modern and up to date with most technology, internet, mobile data service providers, import and export, entertainment, and access to information. In short, the country’s past has been monumental in both the political, geographical, and biblical standpoint.
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...
The case for regional integration is both simple and irrefutable. First we are small and we need to achieve economies of scale. We need to achieve such economies in markets, production, the mobilisation of regional capital for regional use, university education, science and technology, sea and air transport to mention some areas.
Much of the political case for regional economic integration stems from national security. Another case study provided by Hill is the European Union. The nation states of Western Europe bonded together in an effort to deal with the political giants of the USSR to the east and the USA to the west. Further, regional economic integration can facilitate political harmony between nations due to their increased level of