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turkey's accession to the eu
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Relations between Turkey and European integration institutions began with Turkey’s application for associate membership in the European Economic Community(EEC) in 1959. Turkey applied for full membership in the EEC in 1987 but did not gain candidate status until 1999. Since 1999, relations between Turkey and the European Union (EU) have gained momentum, and Turkey’s EU accession negotiations began in 2005. Since that time, discussions about the implications of Turkey’s prospective EU membership have become more serious and extensive in both Turkey and the EU.the potential advantages and drawbacks of Turkey’s EU membership for both Turkey and the EU. It considers economic, social, political, and security factors. When the enlargement process of the EU is considered,Turkey and the future of EU-Turkey relations are often discussed. As Heinz Kramer, head of the EU External Affairs research unit at the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik in Berlin, has observed, Turkey and the EU share a decades-old common history of the contractual-based relations since the late 1950s which finally led to the start of accession negotiations at the beginning of October 2005.Turkey’s relations with European integration institutions started with the Ankara Agreement signed in September 1963. Since that time, there have been ups and downs in the relationship. Since the start of Turkey’s EU accession negotiations at the beginning of October 2005, relations have gained a new momentum and ambiguity has begun to disappear.
Turkey & EU History
The founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, “pointed to achieving and even going beyond the level of contemporary civilization as the goal of the Turkish nation. In the framework of this ...
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...g-standing foreign policy projects. The ambiguities regarding the future ofthe accession process would be resolved. Turkey would take part in the European Union’s policies as a global actor, and that would strengthen the EU’s position over time.EU membership would provide a number of opportunities to Turkey to play a more active role in the international arena. After becoming a member, Turkey could be an important actor in the strengthening and implementation of the EU’s CFSP, and this would solidify its position in the EU. Additionally, Turkey’s EU membership would be beneficial for the resolution of problems between Turkey and Greece. From the security affairs perspective,with EU membership, Turkey would fully participate in the EU’s ESDP and other security initiatives.
Both the accession process and membership would have political and social
effects on Turkey.
The relation ship between America and Turkey has improved from 1947. In this relation the geopolitical position of Turkey plays a big role.
17Kili, Dr. Suna. ?Islam and Secularism in Contemporary Turkey.? Voice of Ataturk: Ataturk Society of America. Web. Dec. 10 2013.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the seemingly unstoppable rise of colonial power called for the modernization of Middle Eastern countries, particularly in Iran and Egypt. In their respective pursuits of building a modern nation-state, Reza Shah of Iran and Ataturk of Egypt, similarly implemented policies of political centralization, economic development, and secularization. Ultimately, modernization proved more viable in Turkey than in Reza Shah’s Iran due to the precedents characteristic of the Ottoman Empire inherited by Ataturk. Specifically, the endurance of successful westernization policies in Turkey, contrasted by their disintegration in Iran, can be equated to the different preexisting economic, social, and political conditions
?The Magic of Membership: The lure of the EU may yet settle Cyprus.? The Economist 18-24 Jan. 2003.
At present there are twenty-eight member states within the European Union, most of which play a crucial part in the unions overall success. Although during the past decade five countries have made an application to become EU members, none have waited to join as long as Turkey has. Turkey have been applicants to join the European Union since 1987 and although many believe that they have proven they are stable and could bring positives to Europe, there are still those who think otherwise. This essay will explore whether or not Turkey should be allowed to join the EU or has their past and current reputation began to hinder this. This essay will also discuss the public and political disputes surrounding the matter.
The European Union stands on the threshold of unparalleled change over the coming years. The next waves of enlargement will be unprecedented in nature and continental in scale. This process has gained so much political momentum that it is now irreversible.
As Kemal’s rose in power he had a great influence on many non-traditional ideals. Kemalism was composed of six pillars. Revolutionism, populism and statism (estatism), were three pillars inspired by the Russians. Republicanism, nationalism and secularism (laicism) were three pillars of Kemalism that were inspired by the French revolution. This concept of laicism became a core belief in Kemal’s leadership over Turkey. It was a term that described a state in which would not uphold or support any one religious denomination. Those who supported Kemal’s lacist reforms were called Kemalists. They upheld beliefs that kept the role of religion in its rightful place and “generally speaking, the Kemalist position combines a kind of authoritarian democracy with a westernized secular
Various international organizations and states that have interfered with Cyprus’s sovereignty. European Union recognizes the existence of only one state, the Republic of Cyprus. Furthermore, Meier argues that Turkish and Greek Cypriots share the vison that reunification and accession into the EU would boost the economy for all Cypriots (Meier 477). Furthermore, the strategic location of Cyprus would be an asset for European defense against the east. Also, Cyprus has acted as intermediary in business and politics between European interest and the Middle East (Meier,
Europe Common Foreign Security Policy (CFDP) was created in response to the lack of means from the EU during the Balkan Wars in the early 1990's. The Berlin Plus Agreement is a treaty created to legitimize the use of NATO means and expertise by the EU. Nevertheless politics had a huge impact in the effectiveness of the Berlin Plus Agreement. Before the creation of CSDP in the St Malo Act in 1998 – held during the Washington Summit - political tensions between Turkey and Cyprus/ Greece which had been going on since 1981 reached a climax after Greece became part of the then European Community (EC). Restrictions arouse between the EU and Turkey, their relationship worsened. The tension resulted from the EU recognition of Cyprus independence, whereas Turkey refused to legitimize it. The outcomes of these tensions were to jeopardize t...
The Zorlu Group's rapid growth since 1990 reflects the vast range of opportunities that have emerged from the unique juncture of Turkey's Customs Union with the European
Europe has a history of war and conflict that predates living memory and the idea of a united Europe is something that appears repeatedly in that history. Hitler, Napoleon, and the many Roman Emperors all sought a united Europe. Their quests although in many ways motivated by a horrifying desire for power sparked the minds of philosophers and other political thinkers to imagine Europe united in harmony and peace despite national differences. Today we have the European Union which is quite unique. After the horrors, bloodshed, and economic disaster of the twentieth century, in a desire for peace and harmony and economic and political prosperity twenty-seven states have limited their national sovereignty.2 With national interests and ambition still in mind these countries see the European Union and supranational governance and the benefits of peace and prosperity therein as something worthwhile. However, in the history of European integration there has been much conflict and Euroskepticism. Some see unity in diversity and diversity in unity as impossible, and the existence of differentiation in the EU as highly problematic. However, differentiation in the European Union’s integration process is not the hindrance it is often defined as, rather it creates further cooperation in Europe bringing the European Union closer to its objectives of peace, and economic and political growth, resulting in a more effective and efficient bureaucracy. Differentiation in the EU’s integration process has created more successful integration as it allows the nations who wish t...
The historical debate continues to survive concerning whether the impressive figure, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, a remarkable leader of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, who led the nation to form the Republic of Turkey or abolished the true ideals of the nation when gaining ultimate power. Through his control between 1923-1938, Ataturk successfully embarked on a program of revolutionary social and political reform that furthered and modernized Turkey, with this he emerged as the ultimate conqueror or an idol for the citizens of Turkey. Although the pride and honor many commended his achievement and triumph for, controversy arises and critics discuss otherwise. Individuals are left questioning if he abolished the true ethics within Turkey, such as religious views and the Islamic way of life. In order to express an opinion on Ataturk’s achievements or wrong doings when governing, the contrasting views create a perspective on the highly influential leader.
Turkey’s economy has weathered some spectacular pratfalls in the past, with a major economic crisis in 2001 almost bringing the country to its knees. What’s different in 2004 from the previous "recoveries" is how committed Turkey is to establishing firm economic footing once and for all. The government is swallowing the International Monetary Fund’s painful economic medicine, making tough choices for fiscal discipline.
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...
The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Turkey is often called “the cradle of civilization” because since 6500 B.C. it was known as a home for a rich variety of tribes and nation of people. Turkey in Asia (Anatolia) was occupied in 19In B.C. by the Indo-European Hittites. 1945 Turkey joined the UN and became a member of NATO in 1952. Turkey occupied the northern portion of Cyprus i...