Islam has been a dominant force throughout Turkish history. During the Ottoman Empire, Islam ruled every part of the theocratic state, but after the demise of the empire, Turkey's rulers led the country away from political Islam. The modern Turkish state has a strictly secular government, and Islam has been relegated to the personal sphere. Although Turkey has experienced a rise in fundamentalism in the past twenty years, the separation of church and state has remained relatively intact. Even with this increase of fundamentalist Islam, the wide majority of Muslims in Turkey are moderate and tolerant. They have adapted to modern life and value Islam for its moral and spiritual messages. Islam is a guide for right living and ethical conduct rather than a political system. Turkey constantly struggles to balance Islamic life with a secular government. Although the government wants to maintain a strict separation between religion and politics, it cannot ignore the power and influence that Islam has in the lives of the Turkish people.
History of Islam in Turkey
?In the 8th century, the first Turkish-speaking tribes migrated westward from central Asia and began converting to Islam.? They became Sunni Muslims, who follow the most orthodox form of Islam.? Islam appealed to these nomads because it was a simple faith with straightforward requirements.? Many were so passionate about the faith that they became ghazis, ?warriors for the faith.?? Fighting the Byzantines, they began to conquer the lands of Anatolia in the name of Islam.? The Ottomans, one of the Turkish clans, became the dominant leaders of this new land and united the scattered Turkish tribes.? By the 12th century, a new wave of Turkish immigrants who followe...
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11 Brosnahan
12 Scarf row mars Turkey anniversary. Oct. 29 2003. Web. Dec. 10 2013.
13 Other articles of interest:?Hardy, Roger. ?Islam in Turkey: Odd one out.? Web. Dec. 10 2013.
14?Narli, Nilufer. ?The Rise of the Islamist Movement in Turkey.? Middle East Review of International
15?Affairs. Sept. 1999. Web. Dec. 6 2013..
16?Democratizing Islam in Turkey.? Christian Science Monitor. Web. Dec. 2 2013..
17Kili, Dr. Suna. ?Islam and Secularism in Contemporary Turkey.? Voice of Ataturk: Ataturk Society of America. Web. Dec. 10 2013.
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Great White Sharks play an important role in the ocean, and it is their home territory. We, humans, intrude their home and we run our own risk of being attacked. Due to the sharks being a skill, natural predator of the ocean, its only normal for them to attack humans. Therefore it is not entirely the sharks fault, it is mainly the humans, which is why I choose to conserve the animal. (CONSERVE)
Hilāl, ʻAlī Al-Dīn. Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. New York, NY: Praeger, 1982. Print.
Arising over 350 million years ago, the shark species has been labeled as a human devourer. Now, with the increase in human population, the demand for shark meat, fins, and cartilage are at an all time high; therefore, the existence of the shark is becoming a concern (Budker 1971). Individuals are conditioned to think of sharks as a negative aspect to the environment, which is prolonging the effort to save shark species from becoming extinct. With that in mind, some private as well as national organizations have accepted the challenge of educating and informing people about the existence of the shark specie and its importance to the sea.
Rarely do attacks occur that aren’t provoked by intruding upon territory or threatening the animal itself, but even if is unprovoked, it’s due to confusion of humans with another animal that they commonly hunt. Sharks do not deliberately seek to consume humans, as they are not a part of their diet.
Shark! For many, their size, power, and great, mouthwatering jaws fill us with fear and fascination. Not for me, I’m bewitched by them. Sharks kill only a few people each year, but media coverage and movie representation of attacks have marked sharks as voracious killing machines. Our fears—and appetites—fuel an industry that hunts more than 100 million sharks each year and threatens to purge these vital predators from the oceans.
Have you ever seen Jaws? Do you remember that blood-curdling scream as one of the girls was being attacked by the great white? That is how I felt as the sharks started to circle us. You could see the fear in our eyes. You could feel the ocean shudder as we all shook from excitement and trepidation. This is how most people feel about sharks. That is why researchers are trying their hardest to dispel all of the rumors about sharks. The only problem the researchers have is the local governments. They setup regulations banning people from coming in contact with any endangered animal. Sharks are not quite on the endangered list, but they are threatened by man. Until we find out everything we want to know about these animals we will be ignorant to their unique place in the balance of life. I wanted to know more about sharks, so I took the first step; I went to the ocean.
Five to ten people worldwide are killed by sharks each year. Not bad right? Most shark attacks happen by accident because the shark thinks that the people in the sea are their prey. After their attack they realize it’s not prey and swim off. Many attacks occur in the seas around North America. Basically in Florida,Hawaii,Australia, and South Africa. So stay away from there!!! Shark attacks can happen when sharks are angry. Some divers get attacked because they pull the shark's tail for fun. Provoked sharks are definitely dangerous.
Unlike most sharks, bull sharks can survive in fresh water for long periods of time. They have even been found in the Mississippi and Amazon Rivers. They prefer shallow coastal water, which means that they come into contact with humans more often (National Wildlife Federation). With this notion in mind, humans are much more exceptive to becoming the bull sharks’ main dinner course. Therefore, it is imperative to know what is lurking in the muddy waters before planning recreational
Pamuk, Orhan. "Chapter 20 - Religion." Istanbul: Memories and the City. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 2005. 165. Print.
Shark conservation is an ideal that has been taken lightly by society for many years now. Sharks face the threat of being caught and slaughtered everyday. This threat causes major consequences to the entire ocean. Because sharks might appear to be frightening and aggressive in their own nature, people fear these animals. After learning about why theses creatures do what they do it can be easy to understand why sharks are here and why they need to stay. It is time to take the fear out of sharks and start fearing an ocean without them.
On the board on Monday morning, there were numbers one through five and they each had a religion written next to them. 1 was Hinduism, 2 was Christianity, 3 was Judaism, 4 was Buddhism, and I was lucky enough to get 5: Islam. Oh, I know so much about Islam culture and their religion, are you kidding? I don’t even know where Islam is. I’m just kidding, it’s not a country. There are many differences between Islam and the United states like our religion, clothes, and food, and becoming a Christian or a Muslim, but Islam is the second largest religion in the world, so it’s important to a lot of people. The followers of Islam are called Muslims. Becoming a Muslim is not an easy process. You must do a long list of tasks. After you become a Muslim you must do everything in your power to try to have a good Muslim lifestyle.
The ocean is the most magnificent overwhelming sea of blue. The ocean is one of the most undiscovered and mysterious places on earth. The creatures that lie in the beautiful turquoise water are yet to be discovered. New marine life is being discovered all of the time. Some of the creatures that are already well known are deeply feared by humans. Sharks are one of the most feared animals in the world. Sharks are viewed as bloodthirsty, evil beasts of the ocean. Shark attacks are being studied and researched every day. Although many types of sharks have attacked people, The Great White Shark is the most dangerous. Researchers want to discover the true motives behind Great White Shark attacks on humans. Without being
Turkey was for 623 years part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1918 shortly after World War one allied forces occupied Turkey. This occupation prompted the Turkish War of Independence. This led to the creation of the Turkish National Movement under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander. The goal of the Turkish National Movement was to reject the terms of the Treaty of Sevres, which was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies. Following the end of the war in 1922 the Allied forces were removed from the country. In November 1922 Turkey abolished foreign rule and became an Independent country. The initial government was a form of parliament. However it wasn't until October 1923 that the Republic of Turkey was officially named the successor to the Ottoman Empire. Mustafa Kemal officially became the first President of Turkey and introduced many reforms with the aim of a new secular republic. A new writing system was put in place based off the Latin alphabet, full right for women were established and the famous Turkish fez was abolished.
Women weren’t typically given positions of power directly so they used the power given to them indirectly to get their way. Lysistrata uses an indirect power, her sexuality, to win her battle against the men, “We’ll paint, powder, and pluck ourselves to the very last detail, and stay inside..set off everything we have-,,.They’ll snap to attention, go absolutely mad to love us- but we won’t let them.We’ll Abstain, -I imagine they’ll conclude a treaty rather quickly” (Aristophanes 34). Lysistrata’s tactics work, and she gets the attention of the men but the men still don’t acredit her. As seen through the commissioner’s speech where he seeks to belittle Lysistrata, “...For female depravity, gentlemen, WE stand guilty- we, the teachers, preceptors of prurience, accomplices before the fact of fornication.we sowed them in sexual license, and now we reap rebellion” (Aristotle 56). Although Lysistrata has proven herself and many other women worthy adversaries of the men throughout the play, the men still seek to belittle them. Women in the story are depicted as weak or domesticated, when they fought against the men, women used common household items such as cauldrons and spoons (Aristophanes). Although women are now outside of the house, discussing politics, Aristophanes still depicts them as creatures of habit who want to
Istanbul is both an ancient and modern city that is full of culture dating back to the beginning of time. It’s a city that is unique, in that, it connects both Europe and Asia. Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey and the most crowded one too. There are approximately more than fourteen million people living in Istanbul alone. That is more than its capital city of Ankara. Istanbul is not just a metropolitan, or one of the most crowded cities, and it’s also an ancient and historical city.