Clients who have experienced trauma are literally living in a world of pain which plays out in their challenging behaviors. Maltreated and abused individuals often experience a wide range of psychological and physical problems such as, emotional avoidance and negative post-traumatic cognitions. When an individual has experienced multiple, severe forms of trauma, the psychological results are often multiple and severe as well; a phenomenon sometimes referred to as complex posttraumatic disturbance. Complex trauma can be defined as a combination of early and late-onset, multiple, and sometimes highly invasive traumatic events, usually of an ongoing, interpersonal nature. In most cases, such trauma includes exposure to repetitive childhood sexual, …show more content…
When working with adolescents that display behavioral problems and it not capable or ready to see positive change, the counselor need to be confident that the client can and will make positive changes in his or her life. Solution-focused therapy is a form of postmodern therapy that was pioneered by de Shazer and colleagues and has its roots in brief problem-focused therapy (de Shazer, 1985; Lethem, 2002). Solution-Focus Therapy (SFT) is grounded on the counselor’s confidences in the client’s ability for positive change by accessing and using inner resources and strengths. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy group treatment is based on over twenty years of theoretical development, clinical practice, and empirical research (e.g., de Shazer et al., 1986; Berg & Miller, 1992; Berg, 1994; De Jong & Berg (2008); de Shazer, Dolan et al., 2006). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy is different in many ways from traditional approaches to treatment. The constructivism honors the client’s subjective perception of his or her reality and post-structuralism it where reality arises from a consensual linguistic process, the world, our social contest, and our reality are filtered through. It does not put emphasis on past failings and problems, and instead focuses on clients’ present strengths and previous successes. There is a focus on working from the client’s understandings of her/his …show more content…
Our cognitions, emotions and behaviors interact significantly and have a reciprocal cause and effect relationship. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, (REBT) emphasizes the importance of goals, purposes, and meaning in human existence. Ellis believes that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations and reactions to life situations (Corey, 2009). We originally learn irrational beliefs from significant others during our childhood and we actively reinforce self-defeating beliefs, keeping ourselves emotionally disturbed by internalizing beliefs such as the “shoulds” “musts” and “oughts.” The ABCDE concept helps clients change their irrational thoughts and assists them to understand the vicious circle of the self-blaming process, which also changes their self-defeating
Trauma is an overwhelming experience that causes injury to a person's psychological state of mind. Complex trauma, on the other hand, is a term used by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN). In which an increased emphasis is placed on the impact of multiple traumatizing events that occur during child development stages. As well as an increase in sensitivity of those traumas involving close personal relationships, such as caregivers and siblings (Forkey 3). Children exposed to complex trauma suffer from detrimental short-term and long-term effects on every aspect of their child development. These effects significantly impact their overall "quality of life," specifically affecting areas of cognitive functioning, neurobiological
Seligman, L., & Reichenberg, L. W., (2010). Solution-focused brief therapy. In J. Johnston (Ed.), Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: systems, strategies, and skills.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education
Solution focused Brief therapy directs the Social worker and clients attention to the question like how they will come to know the problem is solved (De Shazer et al, 1986). This question can help the client to visualise a preferred future when all of their existing problems are solved. Social worker can help client to progress towards preferred future by formulating solutions towards the set goals which will help in building that future. In Solution focused therapy, practitioners asked questions with the intention of setting up a therapeutic process and to listen and understand clients’ words and meanings and then ask next set of questions by focusing on client’s words and phrases (SFBTA,
The article under review is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations by Anushka Pai, Alina M. Suris, and Carol S. North in Behavioral Sciences. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault (U.S. Department VA, 2007). PTSD can happen to anyone and many factors can increase the possibility of developing PTSD that are not under the person’s own control. Symptoms of PTSD usually will start soon after the traumatic event but may not appear for months or years later. There are four types of symptoms of PTSD but may show in different
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
The theory that I chose to analyze in this paper is the constructivist approach with a dual use of both the Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) and Narrative Therapy. In my worldview change happens when an individual is motivated to persist and accomplish their goals. In my own personal philosophy, I am optimistic that every student is capable of discovering a solution that best fits in solving their problem and that everything we do in life is interconnected to helping us accomplish our ideal goals. I plan to work with first generation college students after completing the Educational Counseling program at USC and see the Constructivist approach to best accommodate the needs of first generation college student population. I see every
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is designed to confront a client’s irrational beliefs (Corey 2017). First created by Albert Ellis, REBT emphasizes the importance of assessing, deciding, and thinking about one’s own cognitive process. Therapists who use this technique often confront a client’s irrational thoughts directly; the therapist encourages new, more beneficial ways of thinking. The current client is suffering from feelings of anxiety and inadequateness brought on by her father’s disapproval; many of the thoughts she has are irrational and she constantly blames herself for her father’s actions and beliefs about her. REBT would be beneficial to her situation because it would help identify her irrational thoughts and consequently lead to more rational ones (Corey 2017).
CBT and rational emotive behaviour therapy REBT (Ellis, 1955) rely on self-reflection and evaluation in order to achieve success. CBT utilises the stimulus -response (SR) model (Pavlov, 1903). Reflexive response to stimulus (Gross, 2005) becomes modified to stimulus –cognition- response (SCR) (Beck, 1967). This introduces a reflective element, similar to the input- processing -output schema found in the computational model of the mind (Putman, 1961, 1988; Fodor, 1979). Decision-making and rationality (Jones and Pulos, 1993) are employed in order to negotiate knowledge of internal influence. Once this knowledge is perceived cognitions are evaluated and reassessed before rational alternatives are generated (Ellis, 1962). Thereby introducing the possibility of transformation. CBT is most effective with anxiety disorders (Beck et al 1985; Schoenberger et al, 1997; Brown 2007) and eating disorders (Baker and Nash, 1987; Griffiths et al, 1996). Meta analysis also supports the use of CBT with depression (Gaffan, Tsaosis, Kemp-Wheeler, 1995; Butter and Beck, 2000). However, whilst some studies suggest that CBT is most effective when used alone i.e. without drugs (Marks, Swinson, Basoglu, Kuch, N...
“Trauma is used when describing emotionally painful and distressing experiences or situations that can overwhelm a person’s ability to cope” (John A. Rich, Theodore Corbin, & Sandra Bloom, 2008). Trauma could include deaths, violence, verbal and nonverbal words and actions, discrimination, racism etc. Trauma could result in serious long-term effects on a person’s health, mental stability, and physical body. Judith Herman, from Trauma and Recovery, said “Traumatic events are extraordinary, not because they occur rarely, but rather because they overwhelm the ordinary human adaptations to life” (John A. Rich, Theodore Corbin, & Sandra Bloom, 2008). Trauma does not involve the same experiences for everyone; each individual is unique in that they, and only they, can decide what is traumatic for them.
The Solution Focused Therapy approach concentrates on working with the individual to determine a problem and then determine solutions to the problem (Content Guide 3, n.d.). Essential aspects of Solution Based Therapy include: introducing new perspectives, grasping the adolescents point of view, identifying one’s strengths, and holding the adolescent accountable by having them explain their exceptions and feelings (Content Guide 3, n.d.). The various techniques utilized in Solution Based Therapy consist of: clearly defining the problem and stating measurable solutions, asking open-ended questions, exploring actions that “make a difference”, addressing the importance of change, giving feedback, complimenting, giving the adolescent “homework” exercises, and lastly tactfully using supportive and respectful language towards the individual (Content Guide 3, n.d.). The strengths of Solution Based Therapy include working with the adolescent to recognize smaller problems that lead up to their overall problem of substance abuse (Content Guide 3, n.d.). This is because many adolescents do not think nor view their substance use as an actual issue (Content Guide 3, n.d.). Limitations/ weakness of Solution Based Therapy include an individual being reluctant to define any problems that they think are contributing to their substance abuse, therefore potential solutions can not be identified, and this is the
Solution Focused Brief Therapy is a unique approach to therapy that neither focuses on the past nor the future but on what is possible now. SFBT is a post modern approach to therapy that became popular in the 1960's and 70s based on the theory that posits small progress can lead to long term change. This approach was created by...creatorsThe clients and the counselor collaborate to establish realistic goals that can be reached in a relatively short period of time. The counselor works to create an environment where clients can be honest. SFBT believe that analyzing problems is not needed in the process of change. Behavior change is seen as an integral part of change in clients therapeutic process. Both the counselor and the client come together to create goals to incite a change in behavior.
Ellis (1957, 1962) was one of the first to use Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) which is a type of cognitive therapy that focuses on an outcome of changing irrational beliefs into more rational ones. From this stemmed the ABC Technique of Irrational Beliefs (Simplypsychology.org, 2017). This is a three-step process in which to analyse the
In today's society, individual counseling is becoming more main-stream with increased usage within the school system, family unit and even the military. The role that a counselor can have on any individual varies according to the chosen theory to practice and the approach taken. However, it must be stated that the approach and success of therapy is dependent on the relationship established by the therapist (clinician) with the client. In 2010 Seligman proposed the BETA treatment system, which stands for background, emotions, thoughts, and actions. According to Seligman, all theories are either focused on a person’s background, emotions, thoughts or their actions. For this reason, we will discuss three prominent forms of individual counseling therapy used today. The three types of therapy are Adlerian Theory, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. The following paper will seek to introduce the key concepts, therapeutic approach, and application of various techniques, or procedures for each of these practices.
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) was established by Albert Ellis and he has found that what individuals accepted unequivocally influenced how they responded rationally. Accordingly, when their beliefs became irrational, it would make individuals feel skeptical, edgy or bad tempered and would even prompt pounding toward oneself state of mind (Psych Central.com, 2014). REBT is a pragmatic methodology to help people in taking care of and vanquishing troubles and in addition attaining objectives. REBT places a decent arrangement of its point of convergence on the present and locations state of mind, undesirable feelings and nonadaptive practices that can affect life fulfillment adversely. REBT additionally gives a show
...ential impediment to postmodern and CBT interventions is practitioner incompetence. Psychological harm to clients is a potential danger of interventions implemented by untrained or inexperienced therapists. Likewise, the attitude and professional maturity of the practitioner are crucial to the value of the therapeutic process. In both approaches, whether taking on the role of teacher or collaborator, the therapist’s stance is one of positive regard, caring, and being with the client. While techniques and therapeutic styles may vary between and within the postmodern and CBT counseling approaches, they both enlist the client’s diligent participation and collaboration throughout the stages of therapy to accomplish positive therapeutic outcomes.