In today’s society, a lot of emphasis is placed on administering drugs and medicating people with psychological issues; however, most of these ailments and issues have the ability be treated through the use of talk therapy rather than medication. Americans are particularly guilty of over medicating when it comes to our more common mental health diagnosis such as, ADHD, depression, and anxiety. We as a society expect things to be done at the snap of a finger; in our advancement of science, we have been able to discover ways of offering the results we want quickly, inexpensively, and with little effort. Unfortunately, although the use of medications, also known as psychoactive drugs, occasionally remove the symptoms, but they do little to remove the causes of these mental health issues. In addition, to the lack of solution that the use of psychoactive drugs offer, they can also have unwanted and dangerous side effects. These can include simple physical irritants such as dry mouth and head aches, and can range up to dependency and substance abuse, and in some cases even death. Moreover, there are cases of inappropriate prescribing, where doctors are authorizing the use of medications that don’t work or are not pertinent to the issue the patient is experiencing. Furthermore, some of these doctors are issuing these medications without subjecting the patient to a proper mental health evaluation by a psychological professional.
Thankfully there is an alternative that can solve the cause of these ailments while avoiding the negative effects that the psychoactive drugs leave on the patient. The alternative is talk therapy, or more professionally known as psychotherapy. If a higher emphasis is placed on psychotherapy rather than the curre...
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...ohol, John M. Psy. D. “Depression Treatment: Psychotherapy, Medication or Both?” Psych Central. N.p. (2008). Web. 17 Nov. 2013
Heitler, Susan. Ph.D. “8 Reasons to Cheer for Psychotherapy and to Broaden Its Availability.” Psychology Today. N.p. 10 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Nov. 2013
Smith, Brendan L. “Inappropriate Prescribing.” American Psychological Association. 43.6 (June. 2012): 36. Web. 11 Nov. 2013
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Increasing Prevalence of Parent-Reported Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children.” 12 Nov. 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Web. 14 Nov. 2013
United States. National Institute of Mental Health. “Mental Health Medications.” 2008. Health and Education. Web. 16 Nov. 2013
Wedge, Marilyn. Ph.D. “Why French Kids Don't Have ADHD.” Psychology Today. N.p. 8 March. 2012. Web. 11 Nov. 2013
In this essay, the author
Opines that americans are guilty of over-medicating when it comes to their more common mental health diagnosis such as adhd, depression, and anxiety. psychoactive drugs can have unwanted and dangerous side effects.
Explains that there is an alternative that can solve the cause of mental disorders while avoiding the negative effects that the psychoactive drugs leave on the patient.
Explains that over-medicating is a problem, but it's not hidden behind closed doors. children diagnosed with adhd are often treated with medication or drug treatment.
Analyzes how marilyn wedge, a family therapist and author of suffer the children, compares france's low rate of diagnosis and medicating for adhd with the united states.
Explains that adhd in france is a medical condition with psychosocial and situational causes, whereas in the united states it is biological disorder with biological causes that can be solved with medication.
Opines that the lack of attention to detail by american doctors is cheating us out of real, long-lasting, and prevalent solutions to our mental health issues.
Opines that psychoactive drugs do nothing more than mask the symptoms of psychological disorders, but they aren't a solution at all. a pharmaceutical drug only has to prove that it does more for the patient than nothing.
Explains that psychotherapy is just as effective as the psychoactive drugs being offered. the study involved two hundred and forty outpatients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder.
Explains that psychotherapy offers lasting results, such as the ability to deal with and handle the issue on your own if it does ever happen to re-arise.
Explains that the most publicly recognized problem with psychoactive drugs and medicating people with mental health illnesses would have to be the negative side effects.
Explains the problem of inappropriate prescribing of psychoactive drugs. if you had a heart problem, you wouldn't go to dermatologists, but cardiologists specialize in the field of cardiology.
Explains that the public is so uninformed that they think their primary care doctor would be the appropriate professional to see about their psychological issues, but their doctors are authorizing the use of medications that don't work or are not pertinent to the issue the patient is experiencing.
Analyzes how john grohol, psy. d., discusses a common question he hears from patients involving this lack of treatment options.
Opines that psychotherapy is a long-lasting treatment option that gives patients the best hope of long term recovery from whatever ailments they may have faced. psychotherapy avoids the added stress of always having to take your medication and worries.
Opines that we need to limit the amount of drugs we are putting in our bodies and look for other healthy alternatives that offer the best possible solutions for ourselves.
Opines that psychotherapy offers more overall benefits than medications and a real solution to mental health issues.
Opines that americans need the ability to have the best treatment option, available to them, that offers a true solution to their mental health issues and keeps the person healthy without the risks of side effects and dependency.
Explains that psychotherapy is effective and here’s why. american psychological association.
States that cognitive therapy vs. medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. arch gen psychiatry.
Explains grohol, john m. psy. d., “depression treatment: psychotherapy, medication or both?” psych central.
Explains heitler, susan, ph.d., "8 reasons to cheer for psychotherapy and to broaden its availability." psychology today.
States that smith, brendan l., “inappropriate prescribing.” american psychological association.
States that the centers for disease control and prevention has increased the prevalence of parent-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children.
States that the united states national institute of mental health. “mental health medications.” 2008. health and education.
Explains wedge, marilyn, ph.d., “why french kids don't have adhd.” psychology today.
It is clear that psychotherapy is very effective. Meta-analysis studies have shown consistently that the positive effects of treatment exceed those of no treatment or placebo treatments for a wide range of disorders. Yet, there has been a recent noticeable interest in both the scientific community and in the media with psychological treatments that could potentially cause harm. Psychology lacks a medicinal equivalent to the Food and Drug Administration. This leaves the physiological profession vulnerable to detrimental effects to mental health consumers.
In this essay, the author
Opines that psychotherapy is effective, but there has been interest in psychological treatments that could cause harm. psychology lacks a medicinal equivalent to the food and drug administration.
Explains that the psychological field has moved toward empirically supported therapies (ests) in an effort to address treatments that could potentially cause harm.
Explains dr. lilienfeld's two reasons why potentially harmful treatments (phts) are important. first, knowledge of phts can help prevent therapists from harming their clients inadvertently through well-intended but detrimental interventions.
Explains dr. lilienfeld's research and analysis of "scared straight" programs, which aims to avert at-risk adolescents from lives of crime by exposing them to the dangerous realities and conditions of prison.
FDA research has shown that tricyclic antidepressants such as Paxil can actually increase the severity of depression and suicidal behavior in teens and young adults. In the shocking expose “Treating the Mentally Ill,” medical journalist Rob Waters warns “Antidepressants including Paxil, Prozac, Zoloft, and Effexor have provoked hostile behavior and thoughts about suicide in a number of teenagers who have been prescribed the drugs. Some of th...
In this essay, the author
Explains that suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15- to 19-year-olds, but the most common form of treatment used to help teens suffering with depression is one that might also increase the risk of suicide and/or harmful actions to oneself.
Explains that tricyclic antidepressants such as paxil can increase the severity of depression and suicidal behavior in teens and young adults.
Argues that using tricyclic antidepressants as a last resort is an option that should be considered only after trying other forms of therapies such as cognitive and behavioral therapy, group therapy and psychodynamic therapy.
Opines that antidepressants are a "trial and error" method, stating that accurate diagnosis is critical to avoid being given the wrong medication and suffering serious side effects.
Argues that antidepressants may reduce depression and suicide risk for the general population of depressed children, but it also multiplies the risk of those same actions in a percentage of children who react adversely.
Opines that putting children's lives at risk is unethical when there are safer alternatives which are equally effective to be tried first.
Explains that antidepressant need outweighs risk of child suicide, according to globe & mail.
Opines that cropper, carol marie, “a cloud over antidepressants” businessweek 3880 (2004): 112-113 business source premeir.
Explains that suicide behavior differs among early and late adolescents treated with antidepressants. pediatrics 2011; 128(3): 447-454.
Explains that antidepressants may cause suicide and violent behavior in children and teens.
Kahn, Ada P., and Jan Fawcett. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health. 2nd ed. New York: Facts On File, 2001.
In this essay, the author
Explains that drug addicts experiment with substance abuse depending on the side effects of the drug used. bloodshot eyes, rapid weight loss, needle tracks, runny nose, and poor personal hygiene are superficial indicators that a person is abusing drugs.
Concludes that prescription drug abuse is an ongoing epidemic that is consuming the families and communities of the us.
Explains that the rate of death due to prescription drug abuse in the us has escalated 313 percent over the past decade.
Explains that in 75 percent of the households where abuse takes place, the husband or boyfriend is an alcoholic or on drugs. the children suffer the most in these occasions.
Analyzes how the epidemic of drug abuse affects the nation's health, economic planning, national security, human capacity, educational developments, social harmony, and family well-being. the fda is taking small steps towards a big goal—restore the safe use of pain medicines.
Analyzes how congressional quarterly transcriptions, newsbank, and sirs issues researcher report on the rise in prescription drug abuse.
Explains that drugs, brains, and behavior: the science of addiction. the encyclopedia of mental health, 2nd ed.
“A small but growing literature on the misuse and abuse of antidepressants consists largely of case reports. […] The most commonly reported motivation for abuse is to achieve a psychostimulant-like effect.”
In this essay, the author
Explains that taking large doses of antidepressants can be dangerous. people abusing them increase their risk of overdosing.
Explains that alcohol is one of the most common substances combined with antidepressants, and doctors recommend avoiding alcohol while taking them. people who already suffer from alcoholism are more likely to abuse them
Explains that many doctors prescribe ssri and snri antidepressants as safer alternatives to benzodiazepines, but some people abuse them.
Explains that antidepressants don't have the euphoric effects other drugs have. they work over time, accumulating in the brain, and can take over a month before they start working.
Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects that drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. Examples of these drugs include antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antianxiety medications. These drugs work by changing the chemistry in the body by altering hormones, neurotransmitters, or interactions between receptors. Modern drugs like antidepressants have been around since the 1960’s when the serotonin hypothesis was formed. Since this time, the ethical debate over psychopharmacology has been growing. Today, the debate focuses primarily on whether it is ethical to prescribe a patients a psychopharmaceutical who does not have a strict diagnosis of a mental disorder. Instead the patient is using the drug as a means of
In this essay, the author
Explains that psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects that drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.
Opines that it is beneficial to look at the philosophical views of the doctors that are prescribing these medications.
Analyzes how matthias synofzik refutes philosophers' claims against the use of psychopharmaceuticals for enhancement.
Analyzes how synofzik disputes the use of psychopharmaceuticals by arguing that doctors should work to bring a person back to what is considered biostatistically normal.
Analyzes synofzik's article in favor of using psychopharmaceuticals, stating that they should be regulated through laws and monitoring of doctors and patients, like narcotic pain killers.
One of the most startling things to me at the beginning of the Neurobiology and behavior course was learning about the existence of "reductionism." That is, those who do not believe there is a human soul or necessarily even a mind. Instead, as I understood it, reductionism says we are all a product of our neurons and the firings that take place in the brain and nervous system. Those scientists, from what we discussed, might claim that disorders that take place in human behavior (such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or even depression) are all functions of neurotransmitters and the firings of neurons in the brain. In order to cure ailments such as these, certain psychiatrists or doctors might rely heavily and solely on medication. This type of treatment is known as the pharmacotherapy approach, in which medication is the primary tool used for curing patients. However, this idea did not ring true as necessarily the best or only approach to human disorders, especially to a psyche major such as myself. I decided to then delve into the Internet to see people's views as well as actual statistics on which treatment, psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, was indeed better. What I found was that a combination of the two seems to be the best bet in treating patients, and I will show evidence to support this as I talk about each topic individually, and then discuss their merits when used together. Also, in the scope of a paper such as this, I will look at both sides of the two treatments specifically for depression, since that is the best way to discuss specific statistics and for recovery. (3)
In this essay, the author
Explains the concept of "reductionism" in the neurobiology and behavior course. they delved into the internet to see people's views and actual statistics on which treatment, psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, was indeed better.
Explains that pharmacotherapy is the most efficient route to treat psychological disturbances or addictions. it tends to look at the chemistry aspect of the body and the best way to fix or counteract drug differences or imbalances in the human body.
Explains that the apa homepage will only list the main page; you will have to use the search engine.
Explains that psychotherapy is a method of treating symptoms of distress in patients to help them return to normal levels of functioning.
Argues that pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are equally effective and valuable in treating depression.
Explains that both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have individual merits, but tend to show the most long-term results when used together.
National Institute of Mental Health (1999). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Retrieved April 2, 2003 from www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm#adhd3
In this essay, the author
Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affects 3 to 5 percent of children, with persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood.
Explains that stimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of adhd, such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and pemoline.
Explains the effectiveness of atomoxetine, a stimulant drug used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Explains that another trial on the topic of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has included five newest food and drug administration (fda) approved stimulant agents — concerta, metadate cd, ritalin la, adderall xr, focalin.
Explains that innovative technology has fuelled the development of new release mechanisms and isolation of active enantiomer components with the hopes of enhancing the duration of action and improving the safety and effectiveness of stimulant agents.
Explains that concerta was the first extended relief or long-lasting drug available for the sufferers of adhd. metadate cd is the second stimulant drug on the market.
Compares the characteristics of newly approved psychostimulants based on age and over 6 years. the recommended daily dose is 54 mg 60 mg.
Explains that ritalin la uses the spheroidal oral drug absorption system (sodas) technology producing the same effect as a normal stimulant taken at four-hour intervals.
Explains that the final experiment that researches the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder focuses on the combining effects of stimulant therapy, such as ritalin, eeg biofeedback, and the parenting style.
Explains that research is done to improve conditions and quality of life for those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. stimulant therapy can be conveniently taken once a day. alternative treatments are available.
Cites brown university child and adolescent behavior center's report that fda approves new nonstimulant treatment for adhd.
Cites michelson, albert j. allen, joan busner, charles casat, david dunn, christopher kratochvil, jeffrey newcorn, f. randy sallee, r. bart sangal, keith saylor, scott west, douglas kelsey,
Explains the effects of stimulant therapy, eeg biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Belluck, Pam. “New Therapy for Depression.” New York Times11 Feb. 2013: D6(L). Science In Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2013
In this essay, the author
Explains that suicide was the third most leading cause of death for teens ranging from 15-19. electroconvulsive therapy is another way to medicate the already medicated.
Explains that electroconvulsive therapy is a method in which patients who show mental disorders are treated by passing electricity to the brain of the patient.
Compares electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs).
Explains that electroconvulsive therapy has positive beneficial effects but it does not outweigh the negative impact on individuals oneself.
Opines that brain stimulation techniques like electroconvulsive therapy are an alternative way to treat depression when standard medication is unresponsive.
Describes the works of linda wasmer and renato sabbatini on ugo cerletti, and edward shorter on ect.
Analyzes how melluck, pam, and gale's "new therapy for depression" and "electroconvulsive therapy (ect)" have been published.
Schneider H, Eisenberg D. Who receives a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the United States elementary school population? Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):601-609.
In this essay, the author
Explains that hyperactivity, compulsivity, and inattention are symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is the most widely diagnosed mental-illness in children.
Explains that teachers, administration, and doctors want stimulants to make a child more manageable, or well-behaved. medications for add/adhd are controlled substances and should not be given to any child without asking the question, "is this the only option?"
Cites the american academy of pediatrics: changes in practice and characteristics of pediatricians: 2000 v 1993. early diagnosis is central to new adhd guidelines.
Evaluates the evidence for and against the overdiagnosis of adhd in the united states elementary school population.