Twelve Years a Slave, written by Solomon Northup, takes place in the antebellum south between the 1840’s and 1850’s. Northup elucidates his journey by recalling his capture from freedom in the north, and his brutal sufferings and degradations as a slave. However, his treatment and treatment of other slaves he encounters varies as he is sold from one master to another. In his narrative, Twelve Years a Slave, Solomon Northup provides various examples of slave masters to show a range of evil that existed within institutional slavery and to underscore that slave holders, no matter how “Christian,” were all immoral and hypocritical.
Firstly, Northup shows his audience several examples of the evil so called “Christian” slave holders who are both
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Epps is described as a drunken man, and his mannerisms and speech is “evidence that he has never enjoyed the advantages of an education” (193). When drunk, Epps is a “roystering, blustering, noisy fellow” who enjoys lashing his slaves “just for the pleasure of hearing them screech and scream” (193). This one quotation emphasizes the physical abuse slaves endured for simple pleasure of their masters, which showcases the sadistic minds of slave holders, Epps particularly. On one sadistic occasion, Epps attempts to slit Northup’s throat during one of his drunken episodes, which confirms how careless and foul he was. Epps also abuses a slave woman named Patsey. Northup describes her as a “splendid animal” who was “queen of the field” (194). Although Patsey’s work excelled over everyone else’s, she faced abuse from Epps and his jealous wife. The abuse consisted of physical and sexual, and when Epps refused his wife’s command to sell her, Patsey attempted to bribe Solomon into secretly putting her to death (194). Writing about this woman, and her wish for death, further proves slave masters were undoubtedly evil, and slaves wanted to die rather than live as a
For example, Northup introduces the reader to a slave named Eliza Berry, who was forced to become her master’s lover, as well as to live with him on the condition that she and her children would be emancipated (25). This exemplifies how white men would use their status to sexually harass their female slaves, while avoiding the consequences because no one would believe them, and they were threatened with being whipped if they uttered a word. In addition, Northup introduces another female slave named Patsey, and he states, “Her back bore the scars of a thousand stripes; not because she was backward in her work, nor because she was of an unmindful and rebellious spirit, but because it had fallen to her lot to be the slave of a licentious master…” (116). Overall, this quote corroborates how severe their masters would penalize them both physically and mentally, as well as how unfair they were to
Auld started “relying upon his own depravity to shield and sustain him in his savage barbarity; but after his conversion, he found religious sanction and support for his slaveholding cruelty (p to-day shut up in the prison-house of slavery, my feelings overcome me, and I am almost ready to ask, “Does a righteous God govern the universe? And for what does he hold the thunder in his right hand, if not to smite the oppressor, and deliver the spoiler out of the hand of the spoiler? (p.48).” He wonders how a righteous God can rule the universe, and yet still allow cruel things like slavery to exist. One of the ways Douglass shows himself to be a Christian, is by quoting the Bible, “Dark and terrible as is this picture, I hold it to be strictly true of the overwhelming mass of professed Christians in America.
In the well-written narrative The Life of Fredrick Douglass, the author, and former slave known as Fredrick Douglass, uses multiple examples of brutal whippings and severe punishments to describe the terrible conditions that African American slaves faced in the south. Douglass’s purpose for writing this narrative was to show the physical and emotional pain that slaves had to endure from their owners. According to Fredrick Douglass, “adopted slaveholders are the worst” and he proves his point with his anecdotes from when he was a slave; moreover, slave owners through marriage weren’t used to the rules of slaveholding so they acted tougher. He also proves that Christian slave owners weren’t always holier, they too showed no mercy towards their slaves and Douglass considered them religious hypocrites.
Extreme violence is central in Northup’s story, 12 Years a Slave; he emphasizes that the slave owner’s authority was controlled by terrorizing slaves they owned with powering violence. Nailed to the floor, Northup experienced painful activities to his naked body after he awoke in a slave pen; his enslavers paused only to ask for him to accept his new status
There were some ups and downs to Solomon’s bondage. Northup met many friends along the years, including Eliza and Patsey. Eliza had been with Solomon since nearly the beginning of his trip, and they shared somewhat similar stories. Unfortunately, Eliza passed away due to grief over her children at Ford’s plantation. William Ford had the kindest heart of any of Solomon’s owners, however, due to the dangers of Mr. John Tibeats, Solomon was sold to Master Edwin Epps. At Epps’ plantation, Solomon met Patsey, “queen of the fields.” Epps was a mean spirited man, however there was some happiness to his plantation: it was the last one Solomon would work at in his twelve years of slavery. Mr. Bass, a Canadian carpenter, helped Solomon out of bondage by writing to Northup’s family in the North. After twelve years of hard labor, scarce food, sleepless nights, and fierce punishments, Solomon Northup was once again a free man.
In his true-life narrative "Twelve Years a Slave," Solomon Northup is a free man who is deceived into a situation that brings about his capture and ultimate misfortune to become a slave in the south. Solomon is a husband and father. Northup writes:
Mary Prince first discloses thus to readers when introducing Mrs.Williams. She described her mistress as “ a kind-hearted woman, and she treated all her slaves well.”(231) On the other hand, Mary Prince described her master as "A very harsh, selfish man. His wife was herself much afraid of him and during his stay at home, seldom there tissue her usual kindness to the slaves.”(232) Despite not being directly stated, readers can infer that Mrs.Williams’s fear of her husband, derived from physical abuse as well. More evident brutality of slave owners is displayed within Mary Prince’s master Dickey, after going ashore at the grand Quay. Mary Prince remembers, “I found my master beating Miss D----dreadfully. I strove with all my strength to get her away from him; for she was all black and blue with bruises. He had beat her with his fist, and almost killed her.”(249) Master Dickey being very drunk, had beat his wife as if he would beat any other slave. With Miss Dickey being beaten, she too, suffered physical
Douglass’s first encounter with a slave owner’s violence occurred on Captain Anthony’s farm. He frequently found himself woken by the agonizing screams of his own aunt being brutally whipped for her wrongdoings. He describes Captain Anthony as ruthless, brutal and taking “great pleasure in whipping a slave” (Douglass 3). Captain Anthony reveled in the idea of complete dominance over his slaves. He lived under an overseer, named Mr. Plummer. The slaves living on the farms were not fully under his control, so he took advantage of every opportunity to feel powerful and domineering. In addition, Douglass also describes an encounter involving Aunt Hester seeing another man. Captain Anthony did not approve of this and exclaims “I’ll learn you how to disobey my orders!” (Douglass 4), then proceeded to whip her. Douglass hints towards the sexual tension between Anthony and Hester. Not only did he own her for work, but also to satisfy his sexual desires.
After reading Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, it is clear to see the true horrors behind the entirety of slavery. It is one thing to learn about it from a textbook or to sit through a lecture, but it is a completely different experience to get an account of how grossly inhumane, frightening, and appalling slavery really was from someone who experienced the terrors first-hand. Reading this narrative provided extremely descriptive details of how slaves truly were treated. Douglass recounted the time where he had often:
Since Northup wrote this book himself, it was able to provide readers with the truth and the experiences of living as a slave in the South. The good experiences written about by Northup seemed to be few and far between in the story, but the moments were big. In the beginning of the story, he talked about being with his family and the experience of being a free black man in the North. Once his freedom and family were taken from him, the next good experience he spoke of was when he met friends, either on the boat rides or on the plantations. These friends, although he was once free and most of them were not, had many things in common with Northup, and they all had similar views on slavery. A third positive experience that Solomon wrote about was when the officials came to Ebbs’ plantation to take him back North to freedom, which Ebbs could not believe. Although Ebbs wasn’t happy about it, Solomon was excited to go back to the North and his family. Being reunited with his family after ...
Douglass continues to describe the severity of the manipulation of Christianity. Slave owners use generations of slavery and mental control to convert slaves to the belief God sanctions and supports slavery. They teach that, “ man may properly be a slave; that the relation of master and slave is ordained by God” (Douglass 13). In order to justify their own wrongdoings, slaveowners convert the slaves themselves to Christianity, either by force or gentle coercion over generations. The slaves are therefore under the impression that slavery is a necessary evil. With no other source of information other than their slave owners, and no other supernatural explanation for the horrors they face other than the ones provided by Christianity, generations of slaves cannot escape from under the canopy of Christianity. Christianity molded so deeply to the ideals of slavery that it becomes a postmark of America and a shield of steel for American slave owners. Douglass exposes the blatant misuse of the religion. By using Christianity as a vessel of exploitation, they forever modify the connotations of Christianity to that of tyrannical rule and
In his narrative, Frederick Douglass shows how Christianity was used as a major justification for slavery and for the actions of slave masters, but he also shows how the religion provided hope for slaves themselves. In an appendix added at the end of the narrative, he draws a distinction between “the Christianity of this land” and “the Christianity of Christ,” saying that there is the “widest possible difference” between them. As he puts it, “I love the pure, peaceable, and impartial Christianity of Christ: I therefore hate the corrupt, slaveholding, women-whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of this land.” In other words, Douglass thinks that Christianity has been corrupted in America, where people hypocritically use it to justify their injustices.
Slavery, the “Peculiar Institution” of the South, caused suffering among an innumerable number of human beings. Some people could argue that the life of a domestic animal would be better than being a slave; at least animals are incapable of feeling emotions. Suffering countless atrocities, including sexual assault, beatings, and murders, these slaves endured much more than we would think is humanly possible today. Yet, white southern “Christians” committed these atrocities, believing their behaviors were neither wrong nor immoral. Looking back at these atrocities, those who call themselves Christians are appalled. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself, Harriet A. Jacobs describes the hypocrisy of Southern, Christian slave owners in order to show that slavery and Christianity are not congruent.
Slave-owners forced a perverse form of Christianity, one that condoned slavery, upon slaves. According to this false Christianity the enslavement of “black Africans is justified because they are the descendants of Ham, one of Noah's sons; in one Biblical story, Noah cursed Ham's descendants to be slaves” (Tolson 272). Slavery was further validated by the numerous examples of it within the bible. It was reasoned that these examples were confirmation that God condoned slavery. Douglass’s master...
In Frederick Douglass’ Narrative, Christianity is a prominent feature of both slave and slave-owners’ lives. However, Douglass highlights the discrepancies between the religions of these two groups, finding the Christianity of slave holders to be false, malicious and hypocritical. Though he makes clear he is not irreligious himself, Douglass condemns the insincere ideology of slave owning America.