Solar energy in simple is the energy provided by the sun known as solar radiation. This energy can be used to produce solar electricity or heating. This energy can be for domestic use or even commercial use. The solar technologies are classified into 2 types, the solar photovoltaic (PV) and the concentrated solar power (CSP). For solar photovoltaic technology, the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy directly requires solar photovoltaic cells. In brief, the sunlight strikes the PV cell, the semiconductor material of the cell will absorb part of the light, and it will energize the electrons in the material, allowing it to flow freely, creating electricity. It is known as the photovoltaic effect. The other way to produce electricity …show more content…
Occasional cloud cover or hazy skies has more effect on power generated on CSP system than PV system. Furthermore, CSP need to be scaled well. In particular, CSP systems must be large enough (tens of megawatts or larger) to reach its optimum point where maximum efficiency and minimum cost is …show more content…
Firstly, land use for PV facilities that is also the constraint for Singapore because of small land area and high urban density. In large utility-scale solar facilities, land space requirement will be high to fit in the large number of solar panels, to achieve optimum power and cost. Soil quality will be degraded leading to soil compaction and erosion and even potential transformation of drainage route. Solar PV deployment on reservoir in Singapore also will affect its evaporation, biodiversity and water quality. Moreover, hazardous materials are released during production of photovoltaic cells which involves toxic or explosive materials. In example, tricholorosilane gas to further purify the metallurgical grade silicon are explosive and high irritation to skin and eyes when in contact with water. An example case is explosion at an industrial plant in Pasadena, Texas used by solar company SunEdison Inc on 2nd October 2015. Besides, sawing of crystalline silicon wafer, produces silicon dust easily dispersed in air that causes inhalation problems for the workers and other wildlife exposed to it. It leads to silicosis and cancer. Mordant chemicals such as Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide are also used in large amount to eliminate the sawing damage on the silicon wafer surfaces. Lastly, greenhouse gas emission like Sulphur Hexafluoride (Used to clean reactor in silicon production). The
Many people are unknowingly exposed to air pollution and have no idea. Some common causes of air pollution are automobiles, factories, landfills and toxic materials. Air pollution destroys the environment; it causes climate change because it greatly affects the greenhouse effect and it causes acid rain. Acid rain contaminates water and destroys animal’s homes. Air pollution has many effects on people it causes coughing, elevates your risk of asthma, wheezing, it can cause diseases and birth defects. It’s estimated “that seven million people died prematurely in 2012 from exposure to air pollution and that air pollution can cause cardiovascular diseases. The use of incinerators has caused protest movements from the Chinese citizens because they are becoming aware of the air pollution that is being given off from the burning of their trash and the effects it has on their health. There have been many reports of premature births and stillbirths of pregnant women that live near garbage incinerators”( Professional Safety, 2014, p.
Solar energy is energy taken from the light that reaches earth's surface from the sun. There are four different kinds of solar energy, which are active solar systems, passive solar systems, photovoltaic cells and concentrating power systems. An active solar systems is a system that captures solar energy by mechanical means. Common active solar systems are often in buildings or homes. Some examples are roof collectors and water heating. Low Intensity and high variability have limited the use of active solar energy in Canada. A pass...
Photovoltaic electrical energy is the result of the “photoelectric effect”, a phenomena that occurs when metals are exposed to sunlight. The photovoltaic effect results in both a voltage and a current, the two ingredients for electricity’s generation. This is defined as a clean energy mechanism as the source of the energy is the sun and results in electrical energy being generated without the “products of combustion: Carbon Dioxide CO2” as is the case with fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil). It’s ad...
Pollution is a massive problem, due to burning excessive amounts of fossil fuels and produces global warming. The rising in temperature of earth has resulted huge melting of polar ice caps, flooding of low-lying areas, and also rise in sea levels. If these conditions conquer the surface of earth it will face radical changes. Hence, the ozone holes are also being created trough this process, that creates a harmful UV rays that enters the earth surface. Apparently it affect human life trough causing diseases like cancer. Melanin that present in the skin reacts trough these high wave radiations. Skin cancer is one of the major forms of disease that known to be caused due to these reactions of the pigment present in the skin and infra-red rays. Besides that, when burnt sulphur, dioxide gas will also be produced. This factor forms acid rain. Acid rain could leads to destructions of most of monuments that were made up of brickwork or marbles. Even a lot of crops are affected due to the acidification of loams.
In addition to the plant, the governments related in India that issued permits and provided incentives for the plant, Bhopal community officials who permitted slum dwellers to move near the plant in illegal settlements, Indian environmental and safety inspectors should also be responsible for this. The governments related in India issued permits because people need jobs, or people would starve to death. This was one reason in my opinion. Soft money from Union Carbide plant may be another reason for issuing permits. It was clearly that the governments in America would not issue a permit to Union Carbide plant under such circumstances, which lacked of severe environmental standards and permitted slum dwellers to live near the plant and so on. Such actions were the fuses leading to more deaths. Before the major gas leakage from the MCI unit on December 3, 1984, some people were killed because of phosgene gas leakage. However, no one took it seriously in spite of the report by media. One of the reasons that people ignore this was because people didn¡¦t know the potential danger of the chemical plant. The other reason was that there are not enough environmental inspectors to cover so many plants in India. Besides, those inspectors had a record of loose enforcement. Consequently, danger emerged just as the saying goes ¡§Nothing comes of nothing.¡¨
well. People are starting to question solar energy like is it polluting the earth? Is it really better
With the growing cost of fuel for cars and the rolling blackouts of last summer, the need for an alternative, cost-effective, environment friendly energy source is escalating. Many possible solutions have been presented, such as nuclear power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells; prevalent among these is solar power.
According to Mr. Solar.com, “this type of energy production, known as the Photovoltaic Effect, is achieved by solar panels converting sunlight into energy. Solar panels are made up of several individual solar cells, composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge). Solar panels absorb the sunlight’s photons and by doing so initiate an electric current, producing electrons. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and released into an electric field generated by the solar cells, which then pull these free electrons into a DC or directional current.” This electricity then proceeds to a mechanical room beneath our house to a charge controller, which regulates the amount of energy sent to our 24V batteries to be stored.
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
Furthermore, in 2000, the Harvard School of Public Health looked at the human health effects from two fossil-fuel-fired power plants in Massachusetts. It estimates that the air pollution from the plants causes:159 premature deaths, 1,710 emergency room visits, 43,300 asthma attacks each year (Levy). Without a doubt, burning fossil fuels increases CO2 levels in the atmosphere and causes an increase in atmospheric and ocean temperatures, they also present an endangerment to living organisms. Strangely enough, wind is a form of solar energy.
A practical problem linked with the use of solar cell panels is regarding the storage of electricity general by them.
I am certain that all have heard of the terms green house gases, fossil fuels, and global warming. Have you ever questioned what will happen if nothing is done about the environmental problems facing the world today? What if I answer you that, we can merely use the power from the sun to power up our entire planet without the use of harmful energy sources, which affect our atmosphere? The power from the sun is what we call solar power. Solar power is the energy that comes from the sun as light and heat energy, and then it is later converted into electrical energy through solar panels (Nelson, 2008). This kind of power is completely free, right? Why should we put a lot of expense on other sources of energy, when there is a complete free and healthy power? It is evident that solar energy is a healthy source of energy, which will help stop global warming all together, but it is economically efficient to switch everything to solar energy. Solar energy is capable of becoming the world's future power supply because, it is renewable, eco-friendly, and extremely efficient when strategically placed.
The Earth captures around 342 W/m2 of energy from the sun. This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which the atmosphere reflects about 77 W/m2 and will absorb around 68 W/m2 of solar radiation annually. Therefore, the Earth’s surface is receiving, on average, about 197 W/m2 of solar radiation annually. This amount of energy received is roughly more than 10,000 times the amount of all energy humans consume per year. This energy can be used to produce electricity or heat. This energy source is not being used to it’s potential considering how much effort would come into effect to store and transport this energy.
Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.
... and gas because it is a traditional and time-tested solution (ibid). Moreover, no less important factor is the expensive price of devices needed for providing solar energy and the fact that it pays off in 30-40 years. To be more precise, almost 80% of CSP system’s cost is related to its construction, in contrast, this number for fuel plant is 20% of total cost (Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) Factsheet 2009). On the other side, unlike oil or coal, solar energy is free, and thus CSP operations cost 30% less than fossil fuel electro stations (ibid).