Sample Collection And Analysis Sample

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3. Materials and methods 3.1. Sample collection and analysis For this study, thirty groundwater samples were collected in September 2013 (Fig. 1). The selected wells are used for domestic and agricultural purposes and are uniformly distributed over the area of concern. The samples were collected after pumping for 10 min. This was done to eject groundwater stored in the well and stored in polyethylene bottles (1.5 liters capacity). The bottles were emptied and rinsed several time with the water to be collected. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were measured in situ at each sampling point. Chemical analyses were carried out at the Tabriz University Laboratory for their chemical constituents such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate and silica. Samples were analyzed using standard methods as suggested by the American Public Health Association (APHA, 1989, 1995; APHA et al., 1995). 3.2. Cluster analysis Cluster analysis includes a broad suite of techniques designed to find groups of similar items within a data set. Hierarchical cluster methods pro...

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