Analyzing Bond Types through Solubility and Conductivity

546 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Lab: ionic and covalent bonds

This lab was intended to determine the type of bonding in the known and unknown substances using both, physical and chemical properties of substances containing ionic, molecular and metallic bonds. The unknown substances were then observed to see any relationships between the data of the known compounds. The instructions created by our group were followed, although there were necessary changes made. Instead of using litmus paper to determine the pH of the substance, we used the universal indicator liquid. In terms of errors made, we failed to correctly test the conductivity of certain compounds. We were unable to recognize that we cannot test the conductivity in water if the compound did not dissolve in water. Observations Compound Soluble in Water Soluble in Hexane pH( acidic/basic) Conductivity In terms of polarity we discovered that magnesium oxide ,calcium carbonate and “ unknown 2” are polar enough to dissolve in water and not dissolve in hexane. Salicylic acid ,benzoic acid and “unknown 1” have similar polarities as both did not dissolve in water and hexane. As for pH, the salicylic and benzoic acid crystals were extremely acidic. Magnesium oxide was slightly acidic while calcium carbonate was slightly basic. In terms of the unknowns, both were neutral. For the last part of our lab we had to test the conductivity. However, we did not realise that we cannot test the conductivity of the substances which did not dissolve in water. Therefore, the conductivity for the salicylic acid crystals, benzoic acid crystals and “unknown 1” are inaccurate and thus only the conductivity of the other three substances are accurate. Due to the lack of time we were unable to produce another test to test the property of the compounds.

Show More
Related

  • Calcium Iodate Lab Report

    585 Words  | 2 Pages

    Then, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in 0.05 of Potassium Iodate solution and about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl were added, which exhibited a weak positive test for IO_3^- (aq). After the weak positive test, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl, which exhibited a negative

    Read More

  • Potassium Phosphate Lab Report

    1389 Words  | 3 Pages

    This is an experimental lab that tested if drinking water passes the United States maximum phosphate standard. The results of this lab can help the American who drink the water know if there are too much phosphate in the water. Each group made a Potassium phosphate dilution from a stock solution. The concentration of the solution that needed to made affected the amount of Potassium phosphate that was diluted. To create a calibration curve, each group used the different concentrated Potassium phosphate solutions in their test. The lab utilized a spectrophotometer to figure out the absorbance of the five different Potassium phosphate solution and the absorbance of an unknown concentration solution. The absorbance of the unknown solution was used

    Read More

  • Logic Tree Essay

    2230 Words  | 5 Pages

    In the first part of this project, two cation elimination tests and one cation confirmation test were performed. 10 drops of 4 cation solutions: potassium, zinc(II), copper(II)

    Read More

  • Chemical Reactions Lab Report

    857 Words  | 2 Pages

    Abstract: The purpose of this lab report is to document what happened to the copper when placed through of series of varying reactions. Reacting copper with varying substances enables a person to enhance their stoichiometry solving abilities and well as differentiate chemical reactions and write balanced equation. The lab was done over the course of five days, with each day catalyzing a new reaction. This resulted in enabling the ability of stoichiometry solving abilities to come easier and quickly identify a reaction, and correctly ending with almost the same of amount of copper at the start of the lab. As a result, we can apply this to the following labs to come.

    Read More

  • Essay On Ionic Bonding

    2173 Words  | 5 Pages

    Ionic bonding is the attraction between an a metal cation and a non-metal anion. The opposite charges of the metal cation and nonmetal anions attract each other electrostatically, unlike like charges which repel each other, to form an ionic bond. In order to have a stable electron configuration, metal atoms lose their valence electrons and transfers the electrons to a nonmetal atom, which receives as many as it requires to achieve the eight valence electrons the noble gases possess: this property is called the octet rule. Non-metals form negative ions, as it is more efficient for these elements to gain electrons rather than lose them. This is the opposite for metals, as it is faster for them to lose their electrons to achieve the same electron

    Read More

  • Lab Report Identifying Unknown Substances By Characteristic Properties

    348 Words  | 1 Pages

    3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.

    Read More

  • Flame Test Lab Report Essay

    1282 Words  | 3 Pages

    In this experiment, two qualitative analysis techniques were used to determine the identities of two unknown cations in a solution. The first technique relied on the solubility, and lack thereof, of various salts, and the second relied on the characteristic flame colors that various cations produced. First, the presence of either lead or silver was confirmed by testing a precipitate obtained through centrifugation of the unknown solution. Then, the presence of either barium or calcium was confirmed in the liquid decanted during the previous test. These first two tests were composed of various reactions that created an insoluble salt of the cation being tested, which settled down as a precipitate.

    Read More

  • Impact of Sodium Chloride Concentrations on Electrical Conductivity

    1036 Words  | 3 Pages

    Electrical conductivity refers to a substances ability to carry moving electrons (conduct electricity). In order to do so, there must be a supply of delocalised electrons. While in a solid state, ionic substances can not conduct electricity as there are no delocalised electrons or free/mobile ions to act as charge carriers. In an aqueous ionic solution, the H2O molecules break apart the crystal lattice structure of the ionic substance into individual ions, surrounding each ion in a jacket of hydration. Below is the equation that describes the dissociation of NaCl when in H2O solvent.

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Freezing Point Depression

    872 Words  | 2 Pages

    When salt (NaCl) is combined with water (H2O), an external compound is dissolved and introduced to the solution. The freezing point of H2O becomes lower as more particles are added until the point where the salt can no longer dissolve. For a solution of table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in water, this temperature is -23°C with precise laboratory situations. In real conditions, on a pavement or road, sodium chloride can only melt ice down to approximately -14°C, though this is still effective when combatting the ice. Freezing point depression is a colligative property of H2O. Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of particles in a given volume of solvent and not on the mass of the particles. All dissolved particles among liquid solvents display colligative properties.

    Read More

  • The Synthesis Of A Multistep Synthesis Procedure

    1197 Words  | 3 Pages

    ...d, water (10 mL) was added and the resulting solution was neutralized to pH 7-8 by adding sodium carbonate (1.51 g, 14.2 mmol). The mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane (two 10 mL portions). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL) and sodium chloride (10 mL). The remaining organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solution was filtered and the remaining solvent was evaporated on a hot plate. Crystallization of benzocaine occurred. The crystals were recrystallized with methanol and water while heating. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath. The pale yellow precipitate was removed via vacuum filtration and dried under continuous filtration (0.17 g, 1.03 mmol). MP = 85-87 ͦC (literature value 88-90 ͦC); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.83-7.86 (d, 2H), 6.61-6.64 (d, 2H), 4.27-4.34 (q, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 1.32-1.37 (t, 3H).

    Read More

  • Essay On Ionic And Covalent Bonds

    519 Words  | 2 Pages

    Within the last unit of Chemistry, the cause of ionic and covalent properties was revealed. The true predictor of the compound lies in the bonds that take place. Normally within an ionic bond there is a non-metal and a metal element bonded together. During the bonding elements completely transfer valence electrons between atoms. The metal within the bond loses the few electrons that it has in the outer-most shell which then causes the metal to achieve the octet rule. The nonmetals within the bond then gain the electrons to fill their outer-most shell and achieve the octet rule. On the other had covalent bonding is the sharing of valence electrons between atoms. Covalent bonding usually occurs between two nonmetals, due to similar electronegativity or same electron affinity. They are forced to share electrons rather than gain or lose an electron, and are still able to achieve octet rule. Due to the fact that ionic bonds transfer electrons and covalent bonds share electrons, there are many differing properties formed by the two...

    Read More

  • Hydrogeochemistry Essay

    1579 Words  | 4 Pages

    The electrical conductivity (EC) for all water samples varied from 25 - 1,108 μs/cm reflecting the different amounts of the total dissolved ions in

    Read More

  • Hydrochloric Acid And Solid Sodium Chloride Lab Report

    913 Words  | 2 Pages

    The simplest experiment for this type of situation would be to use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between acids, bases and salts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes blue litmus paper change color going from blue to red, making it an acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) makes red litmus paper change color going from red to blue, making it a base. Sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is neutral, since it would only soak blue and red litmus paper, considering that it is a by product of when an acid and a base mix together, neutralizing each other.

    Read More

  • What Is The Accuracy Of Volumetric Analysis And Accuracy

    902 Words  | 2 Pages

    Method: The method that was given in the Chemistry 306 Laboratory was followed from page 14 – 16. The standard of hydrochloric acid was made to a concentration of (0.1008 ± 0.0020) mol L-1. The amount of sodium carbonate in the conical flask from A-E was 0.113 g, 0.195 g, 0.1368 g, 0.1872 g and 0.1898 g respectively.

    Read More

  • Electrochemistry Essay

    1476 Words  | 3 Pages

    The substituents were as follows: (1) a copper strip in Cu2+ cation solution, (2) a zinc strip in Zn2+ cation solution, and (3) a lead strip in Pb2+ cation solution. Each metal substituent in their corresponding metal cation solution were placed inside of a test tube, with a small fold of each strip made on the lip of the tube. This created three half cells – one copper, one zinc, and one lead. The circuit was completed by placing each end of a salt bridge (composed of potassium nitrate solidified into gelatinous agar) into two separate half cells containing different metals. The voltage of the voltaic cell was measured with the voltmeter, connecting the alligator leads to each fold of the metal strip on the outer lip of the test tube. Three measurements were taken, time using a new, clean salt bridge. The voltages generated by the Pb/Zn, Pb/Cu, and Cu/Zn cells were recorded and tabulated into figure 1.

    Read More

More about Analyzing Bond Types through Solubility and Conductivity

Open Document