Decision-Making Model Paper Life is full of decisions. Some decisions are trivial. Should I choose paper or plastic at the grocery store? Which of the 31 flavors of ice cream should I pick? Other decisions are vital. Should I get married to her or should I take this new job? Your decisions may affect many people or only yourself. In this paper I will present a decision-making model. I will describe a decision that I made at work using this model and how critical thinking impacted that decision. Decision making, as taken from the Wikipedia (2006) encyclopedia, is defined as "the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice called …show more content…
FRAMING Clarify purpose and boundaries of the decision Gather information o Identify who is affected by the decision o Identify who will make the decision (individual or group) o Identify what knowledge or expertise is needed to make the decision o Identify what information or resources currently exist to help with the decision making process Define by when the decision needs to be made Communicate to affected parties who is making the decision and the rationale for it DECIDING Define how the decision will be made (e.g. consensus, voting, etc.) Use appropriate tools that support data gathering (e.g. affinity diagram, brainstorming, fishbone, flowchart, force field, how-how, interrelationship digraph) Make the decision through the integration of ideas and data, and negotiation and prioritization of …show more content…
Simply put, critical thinking is being able to look at information critically. It means asking questions about the information presented and then analyzing the answers. It means using the answers to create new ideas, solve problems, and make decisions. Critical thinking is imperative to making sound decisions using a decision-making
2.)Identify the best decision making model. To identify the most appropriate approach to solving the issue facing Vail Health it is important to identify the factors surrounding the issue to include the time available, the importance of the desired outcome and the alternatives
First, in order to decide how to formulate a plan to achieve the objective,
In order to address the above components, five decision making steps have to be put in place, these are; being attentive, being intelligent, being reasonable, being responsible, and being reflective. The first step, being attentive, involves evaluating the whole situation and coming up with the data and information about the problem at hand. In so doing the following questions are viewed; what facts to bear in mind, what direction to take so as to get the expected solution, and what is the main issue to work on. In the second step, being intelligent, the information is clearly studied to determine whether the collected data is revealing the correct details concerning the problem. Determine the stakeholde...
The relationship between critical thinking and decision-making is much closer than what most people think. Once you look at the meanings of critical thinking and decision-making individually then you can see the relationship between them.
This paper explores the legal, ethical and moral issues of three healthcare colleagues by applying the D-E-C-I-D-E model as a foundation of decision making as found in Thompson, Melia, and Boyd (2006). Issues explored will be those of the actions of registered nurse (RN) John, his fiancé and also registered nurse (RN) Jane and the Director of Nursing (DON) Ms Day. Specific areas for discussion include the five moral frameworks, autonomy, beneficence, Non – maleficence, justice and veracity in relation with each person involved as supported by Arnold and Boggs (2013) and McPherson (2011). An identification and review of the breached code of ethics and the breached code of conduct in reference with the Nursing, Council, and Federation (2008) will be addressed. Lastly a brief discussion on how the three schools of thought deontology, teleology and virtue had effects on each colleague (McPherson, 2011) .
Decision making is the process of considering alternatives and choosing among them. Some Psychologists and Scientists who study Decision making states that humans make decisions by thoroughly examine all alternatives and then choose the one that will be most beneficial to them. In 1956 Herbert Simon introduced the notion of bounded rationality. Bounded rationality means that boundaries, or limitations, around the decision making process prevent it from being logical. More often we base our decisions on strategies and educated guesses (Wood, Wood, Boyd 2013).
Think about prospective positive and negative consequences for affected parties by the decision i.e., Focus on primary stakeholders to simplify analysis until you become comfortable with the process.
Once that hierarchy is established, the decision maker systematically examines the various elements, comparing them to each other in pairs. In making the comparisons, the decision maker can use his/her judgments about the elements’ relative meaning and importance, or they can use well refined data about the elements.
Thinking critically and making decisions are important parts of today’s business environment. It is important to understand how the decision making process works and the steps involved. The nine steps of the decision making process are: identifying the problem, defining criteria, setting goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problem, identifying the causes of the problem, framing alternatives, evaluating impacts of the alternatives, making the decision, implementing the decision, and measuring the impacts. (Decision, 2007.) By using various methods and tools to assist in making important business decisions an individual can ensure the decisions they make will be as successful as possible. In this paper it will be examined how the decision making process can be followed using various tools and techniques to make successful business decisions by using these same tools and techniques during a thinking critically business scenario. The paper will also discuss how different tools and techniques could have been used to make different, yet still successful decisions.
The problem solving and decision-making processes are commonly used in management throughout all business models. Both processes share a similar uniqueness by combining an analysis and perception along with systems and outcomes. Much like the steps of the decision-making process, problem solving also follows a similar sequence of steps. Despite the fact that problem solving and decision-making are somewhat related, they are completely different. The main difference between the two is that problem solving is considered to be a method whereas decision making is more of a process. Management uses problem solving to reach a resolution with hope of achieving a positive outcome. Decision-making is frequently used during problem solving to help reach a resolution. Decision-making generates criteria for problem solving and develops alternative solutions. It also evaluates possible solutions and chooses from among the solutions (Huitt, 1992).
The journey of my decision analysis learning process has been a roller coaster ride. While I enjoyed reading, understanding and learning about the various methodology and aspects of decision analysis, I also find myself stressed, frustrated and ready to give up. For me, the concept about what is decision analysis, the utility of decision analysis, and the topics on decision bias, ethics, complexity and controversy of decision analysis make sense to me as I understood what they are and how they can impact a decision making process. Quantitatively, while I enjoy experimenting and learning the R, Rattle and Excel Decision Tree Plan, statistically, I am frustrated as I am unable to come up with the correct answers when it comes to the quantitative models and calculations such as the probability matrices, binomials, conditional probability, and Markov modeling. Learning the functionalities and seeing an outcome from the R software and knowing what an excel can do to a set of data is intriguing yet exciting to me,
Critical thinking a strong and powerful way to use the brain, it is used by millions everyday some without knowledge that they are even using it. Critical thinking according to Diane Halpern as " The use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome...thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome." Halpern (1996).
Making decisions is an important part of our everyday life. Decisions define actions and lead to the achievement of goals. However, these depend on the effectiveness of the decision-making process. An effective decision is free from biases, uncertainties, and is deeply dependent on information and critical thinking. Poor decisions lead to the inability to achieve set objectives and could lead to losses, if finance is a factor. Therefore, it is important to contemplate about quality and ways to achieve it in decision-making, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose is to look into the needs of decision-making, including what one should do and what one should not do.
As previously mentioned, there are various decision making concepts that enable an individual to become a better decision maker in his/her daily life. One of these concepts that resonate with me as a decision maker is the WRAP model. WRAP model is a major concept because it enables a person to make his/her decisions through intentional illumination of strategic spots or points of consideration (Heath & Heath, 2013, p.24). In this case, the decision is not made on the basis of what ordinarily comes to a person’s attention but through examining hidden corners or facts. WRAP model basically involves widening options, reality-test of assumptions, attaining distance before deciding, and preparing to be wrong.
In this picture, David Easton tried to give an understanding how the decision is made. The process start from the input which input is coming from environment, and through demands and support, the input get into the political system. In the political system, the input is preparing to