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Postmodern criticism
Postmodernism and its effects on society
The concept of postmodernism
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Recommended: Postmodern criticism
Jean Ellen Petrolle describes the postmodern as being ‘associated with the depthless, the insubstantial, the spiritually exhausted’ . Highlighting the exhaustion of belief, this brings forward the evident theme of religion in the titles of The Satanic Verses and Hey Nostradamus!. The ‘Satanic Verses’ is related the occasion where the Islamic prophet Muhammad is blamed to have mistaken the words of satanic suggestion for divine revelation. Nostradamus made prophecies that require some extent of misinterpretation or mistranslation in order to make them to come true. Both titles stress on words and interpretation, or rather, misinterpretation, illustrating the engagement of language in religion and the secular. Madawi Al-Rasheed and Marat Shterin point out that ‘dying for faith is undergoing a revival in the contemporary world’. The power struggle of religion is ongoing, shifting, and with examples such as the Bible and the Quran, one may argue that language is privileged in religions. …show more content…
may not establish a privileged language for a religion, but through words and ideas linked to both religion and the secular, space is provided for one to analyse and rethink the struggle within religion. In Salman Rushdie’s In Good Faith, he stresses on ‘questioning and re-imagining’ in the novel. This leads to a reading that does not decide what is right or wrong. Texts that may be filled with questions and notions of ‘maybe’, which readers will have to figure out by themselves. When the purity of the sacred is challenged, one may take notes of the use of the description of violence, doubt and hypocrisy in Hey Nostradamus! and The Satanic Verses, and question how these eventually led to religion or
In his essay, Rodriguez believes that the diplomatic affairs we see on the evening news are merely being disguised as a religious war. The fight over oil or land when in reality it is the fight between whose side God is on, the attacks under the control of Al Qaeda when perhaps it’s the greed for power or world domination. According to Richard, these religious wars are allowing terrorism to become prevalent; often times within the same culture (147).
In the novel Twilight (1988) by Elie Wiesel, the protagonist Raphael, a professor of mysticism, embarks on a quest to discover the relationship between madness and prophecy. This paper uses Wiesel’s Twilight as a focal point to examine the concepts of madness and prophecy from historical, literary, and philosophical perspectives. The paper also explores the relationship between a madman and a prophet. In Twilight, Raphael takes a scholarly adventure to the Mountain Clinic to
“All experiences shone differently because a God glowed from them; all decisions and prospects concerning the different as well, for one had oracles and secret signs and believed in prophecy. ‘Truth’ was formerly experienced differently because the lunatic could be considered its mouthpiece”
The growth of religious ideas is environed with such intrinsic difficulties that it may never receive a perfectly satisfactory exposition. Religion deals so largely with the imaginative and emotional nature, and consequently with such an certain elements of knowledge, the all primitive religions are grotesque to some extent unintelligible. (1877:5)
The words “Secularism” and “Religion” are used to describe abstract concepts with subjective definitions. As distinct as they are, they also act as mirrors to each other; as one cannot survive without the other to push against, no matter what definition is given to them. These words as defined by various writers, feminists, scholars and historians can be used to define and query these two categories. Gross, Castelli, Cady & Fessenden, Mahmood, Braude and Moallem use examples, culture, and opinions to define each in a different way. While they may be categories, secularism and religion are also answers to some of mankind’s biggest questions; but ultimately they are one in the same and seek to unite followers under a common cause.
Hitchens, Christopher. God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. New York: Twelve, 2007. Print.
There are many knowledgeable books that introduce religions as well as specific religious traditions. However, students are naturally introduced to abstract methodological issues such as observer bias, rather than the religions themselves. If religions of the world are not approached with purpose and method, then students are likely to gain “stereotypes… of misinformation supplied by certain sectors of the media” (Chryssides & Geaves, 2014). Thus, in order to see how religion is lived in day to day life, one must “walk a mile in [the] moccasins [of religious people]” as Smart (1998) says. Therefore this essay will attempt to answer why it is important to study religion off campus and how this may challenge traditional understandings of religion.
Esposito, John L. (2011). What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam, 2d. New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN-13: 978-1-60927-041-4
Religion is essential to every human being. Not only does it serve as a foundation for one to form his/her own set of values and integrity, but it also acts as a source of conflict for many people. Internal religious conflict can be seen in the form of one’s personal struggle with his/her belief. However, personal struggles are mostly influenced by external factors, which cause disturbances to one’s faith and loyalty to their beliefs. On the other hand, external conflict is the concept of which chaos and upheavals occur in society from clash of beliefs. Both conflicts between religions and internal religious conflict are found to be central to the plot of many examples of 20th Century Non-Western literature. African and Middle-Eastern literature, in particular, addresses many aspects of religious conflict, both in the form of the individual and collective struggle.
Raisaned, Heikki. "Revelation, Violence, and War: Glimpses of a Dark Side." In The Way the World Ends? The Apocalypse of John in Culture and Ideology, edited by William John Lyons and Jorunn Oklund, 151-165. Sheffield: Sheffield Pheonix, 2009.
There is a strong belief that Islam and politics are directly tied. They are tied in the sense that the building blocks of the religion dictate how they ought to behave in the political environment. Through this mandatory follow up behavior that the religion delineates, many have come to believe that its teachings are a form of terrorism. Mandaville argues that what has challenged the Islamic link between politics and religion was the emergence of secularism, which went against the belief that politics and religion could go together. Islam has been a religion that has been accused of supporting terrorist activities in the world. Different assumptions have been brought up to understand better the linkages between what really lies behind the Islam religion and politics. Peter Mandaville argues that Islam is dynamic and that it has changed over time; situated within time and politics.
A mind provoking essay that embodies the fear and concerns of this new entertainment era, author Salman Rushdie highlights the defects within our society, the vain and egotistical side, using personal anecdotes, logos, and pathos to further illustrate his point.
In his short story, “The Prophet’s Hair,” Salman Rushdie make use of magic realism, symbolization and situational irony to comment on class, religion, and the fragility of human life. The story is brimming with ironic outcomes that add to the lighthearted and slightly fantastic tone. Rushdie’s use of the genre magic realism capitalizes on the absurdity of each situation but makes the events relevant to readers’ lives. In addition, the irony in the story serves as a way to further deepen Rushdie’s commentary on class and religion. Finally, his use of symbolization focuses on the concept of glass, and just how easily it can be broken.
Geertz defines religion as ‘(1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic.’ In this essay, I will focus on the Geertz’s idea, and Asad’s subsequent critique, of symbols. (Geertz, Clifford, and Michael Banton. "Religion as a cultural system." (1966).)
Nelson, Jack. Is religion killing us?violence in the Bible and the Quran / Jack Nelson-Pallmeyer.. 2003 Print.