Colonial Maryland has a long history of religious conflict and turmoil. While Baltimore was not established as a city until 1796, it existed as a shipbuilding center and trade port known as Baltimore town. Colonial Maryland was founded on the hopes of pursuing religious freedom, especially for Catholics, developed a Tobacco based slave labor economy, and played important parts during the American Revolution. In is the early 1600s, the Catholics worshipped in secret. The King of England broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1530s and Catholics were freely persecuted. George Calvert, an English politician otherwise known as Lord Baltimore, had to give up his political standing when he converted to Catholicism. This led to his to create …show more content…
In the 1640s, England was at civil war over religion. This conflict was reflected in the Maryland colony. In 1645, Richard Ingle, a Protestant, led a rebellion now known as the Ingle’s rebellion. The Protestants in this colony felt threatened by the presence of the Catholics and sought government power. The governor, Leonard Calvert, fled Maryland in fear of his life, allowing Ingle to assume government power. Ingle used his power to rob Catholic colonists of their wealth and sent two Jesuit priests to England in chains. After two years, Leonard returned and seized his power back. In 1649, Leonard passed away and William Stone took his place as governor, making him the first Protestant governor of Maryland. Governor Stone passed the “Act of Toleration” in 1649. This wa the first bill of its kind in the colonies and a first attempt at the separation of church and state, an ideology that stays with our country today. While this act was passed, religion still continued to personally divide the colonists. In 1649, Governor Stone also invited Puritans to settle in Maryland. After a few years of political struggle, the Puritans took control of the government, passing religiously intolerant legislation. Later, in 1689, the Maryland Revolution took place, incited by a Protestant real group lead by a man named John Coode. The King and Queen of England, William and Mary, put Maryland under royal control. …show more content…
Tobacco was Maryland’s cash crop, like many southern states. It was considered so valuable that sometimes it was used in place of money during exchanges. When the colonists first settled in America, indentured servants predominantly worked on tobacco fields and plantations. In the 1640s, Maryland began the use of slave labor on tobacco plantations instead of indentured servants.in 1729, Baltimore town was chartered, allowing the economy to further grow. Oddly, Baltimore town had a high population of free African Americans, despite Mayland continuing to use slave labor and accept new slaves. One well known free African American was Benjamin Banneker, born in 1731. Banneker was a scientist and published almanacs in which he “calculated the tides, sunrises, and sunsets, and correctly predicted an eclipse.” (CITE BRO) Later, during the 1790s, he helped to plan Washington DC, which remains the capital of the United States. Baltimore town was used as hiding spot for the Declaration of Independence during the late 1770s and also was used for meetings of the Continental Congress. Baltimore officially became a city in
From 1791 to 1796, Banneker made all the astronomical and tide calculations and weather predictions for a yearly almanac. Banneker sent Jefferson a copy of his first almanac. With it he sent a letter in which he called for the abolition of slavery and a liberal attitude toward blacks. Banneker’s skills impressed Jefferson greatly. Jefferson sent a copy of the almanac to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris an evidence of the talent of Negroes. Opponents of slavery in the United States and England also used the almanacs as evidence of blacks’ abilities.
In 1620, seeking refuge from persecution in Europe, William Bradford and his small colony of one-hundred and three Protestant separatists, later known as the Pilgrims, arrived in New England to found Plymouth Plantation. Winthrop established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, now known as Boston, as a theocracy, where elected leaders such as Winthrop himself made decisions with the advice of the clergy based of their belief of pre-destination and enforced strict religious laws upon all people who lived in the colony. Although most of those who migrated to America in 1630 shared a common Calvinist theology, there was by no means unanimity regarding how they would practice their religion. Two prominent figures soon brought dissent among the community; first, Anne Hutchinson spread her sharp challenge to the Puritan faith by spreading the idea that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and to not bother with obeying the law of either God or man; second, Roger Williams urged
Puritans arrived seeking land they thought would be fit for their “city upon a hill” (Doc 1). This would be a place where their religious and political beliefs would not be challenged and where their agreement with one another and God (Doc 4) would thrive. Because of the success of the Puritans, the London Company, also known as the Virginia Company of London founded Jamestown in order to grow tobacco because of its economic benefits. After early difficulties, Jamestown began to thrive, also. Due to the governing of Jamestown, Bacon’s Rebellion took place (Doc 7). This source can be biased due to it being by Bacon who was trying to prove his innocence, the point of view can also be used as an excellent interpretation when coming to Bacon’s view of the situation. Also due to their differing civilization structure, the attack by the Dutch on the Chesapeake (Doc 6) could have been to raid their economically rich civilization, along with their goods and stock. By 1700, the two societies were distinctive, and the original objectives of their founders made it
Religion was the foundation of the early Colonial American Puritan writings. Many of the early settlements were comprised of men and women who fled Europe in the face of persecution to come to a new land and worship according to their own will. Their beliefs were stalwartly rooted in the fact that God should be involved with all facets of their lives and constantly worshiped. These Puritans writings focused on their religious foundations related to their exodus from Europe and religions role in their life on the new continent. Their literature helped to proselytize the message of God and focused on hard work and strict adherence to religious principles, thus avoiding eternal damnation. These main themes are evident in the writings of Jonathan Edwards, Cotton Mathers, and John Winthrop. This paper will explore the writings of these three men and how their religious views shaped their literary works, styles, and their historical and political views.
Benjamin Banneker was a famous Astronomer, clockmaker, self-educated mathematician and writer. He was born on November 9, 1731, in Ellicott's Mills, Maryland and died on October 9, 1806. Between 1792 and 1797 Benjamin Banneker wrote a series of Almanacs. These books included useful information like his astronomical calculations as well as literature, medical, and tidal information. Some of his other well know achievements included writing a letter to Thomas Jefferson, who was the secretary of state at the time, the creation of a working wooden clock that struck right on the hour every hour, and his creation of a chart that accurately predicted solar and lunar eclipses.
Benjamin Banneker was an independent man who was fighting to change the view of slaves that the american people had adopted. Many people believed slaves to have little intelligence, and to not have the same morals and emotions as the free white man. Benjamin, despite being the son of slaves, went on to become a farmer, an astronomer, a mathematician, a surveyor, and an author. In 1791 he sent a letter to Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to sway his support of slavery.Within his letter addressing Jefferson, Banneker effectively communicates his argument by exposing Jefferson’s contradictory ideas, using emotional appeals, and confronting Jefferson in a critical yet respectful tone.
Britain’s system of Salutary Neglect allowed each colony to establish its own system of government and legislative assembly over time. In 1619, Virginia established the House of Burgesses which was the first legislative assembly in America. The House of Burgesses met once a year to discuss growing conflicts in the colony and to enact laws that would help their colony flourish. In 1620, the Mayflower Compact was signed, setting up a governmental system where the people came together as a community and enforced laws that helped the colony of Massachusetts prosper. In 1649, the colonial assembly of Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act. The Maryland Toleration Act guaranteed religious tolerance to Christians in Maryland but allowed the persecution of those who denied
During colonial America, the New England and Chesapeake regions were both regions that have made an impact on the American society today. Settlers of each region came from England looking to accomplish certain goals they had established. The colonies of New England were primarily settled by Puritans who wanted to spread and unify their religion, while settlers settling in the Chesapeake region were in search of wealth and economic gain. Although both regions started to develop at almost the same time, there were many differences in their development due to various factors, including social, economic, and religious factors.
Although Maryland was known as the haven for Catholics, Christianity was not tolerated during its establishment in 1632. It was not until 1649 when any form of Christianity was allowed in Maryland(Doc #1). Those professing any other religion besides a form of Christianity would have been persecuted, therefore Maryland’s Act of toleration did not allow complete freedom of religion.
the aftermath of the Protestant reformation. In England, after the establishment of the separate Anglican church of England there were many protestant groups left in England still in conflict. These groups all tried to push and pull parliament in their favor -- which ultimately made it so that nothing could be done. These conflicts even came to the point of bloody civil wars and suffering on both sides of the fighting. Parliament ultimately decided to stop these wars by creating religious Act of Toleration (1689) for the non-conformist protestants.
They were made up of Baptists, and Anglicans, Catholics Etc. Everybody that lived in Virginia was Forced to worship the Anglican Church. For North Korea they also worshipped the Anglican religion but not as strict as Virginia. In South Carolina they had a variety of beliefs so not everyone practiced the same religion. Maryland was founded by the Catholics and they were very open in their beliefs as well. Finally Georgia was very diverse when it came 2 religion they didn't all practice the same one.but they But they were mostly focused on farming because unlike the middle colonies they did have slaves so they made them do all their farming work.Before they got the slaves their colony was just a buffer zone for the British. They also had extremely good weather which made it extremely easy for them to grow crops and made them focus more on
The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 is an act that created a tolerance for all religions that believed in Jesus Christ, throughout the Maryland colony. This Act did not write itself though. The Act was developed and written by an Assembly in Maryland in St. Mary city. Much of the Assembly consisted of individuals that practiced the Catholic faith.
The political difference between the New England and Chesapeake region was that New England government associate more with religious matter than the Chesapeake government. The New England regions included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth colony, the New Hampshire colony, Maine colony, Connecticut colony, and Rhode Island colony. Massachusetts colony for example was governed as a theocracy government. As the first governor of Massachusetts colony once stated in A Model of Christian Charity (Written on board the Arbella on the Atlantic Ocean, 1630),"we shall be as a city upon a hill" a holy commonwealth that could be served as an example community to the rest of the world. The Massachusetts Bay colony placed great importance on religious matters. Only the church member were allowed to vote or held office position. Those who held office position would enforce the law requiring attendance at services. Jamestown, Maryland and the Carolinas were some colonies in the Chesapeake regions. The governments in these regions were less concerned about...
American society in the 1640s was much different then the America we know in today’s time. Protestant Puritans worshiped freely in America, whereas they were persecuted and ridiculed in Europe for their beliefs. They journeyed to America where they could escape the religion they deemed corrupt and sinful; Catholicism. Religion guided how the Puritans lived their lives and how they ruled their establishments. The Puritans set up a way of life in America that included their own literature; beliefs in sin, morality, illegitimacy, guilt, and the justice system; and the religious practices in their governments and their society.
Maryland continued to bicker about slavery until slaves were declared free in 1864. Owners evicted the newly-former slaves from their homes and tried to apprentice slave’s children into long-term contracts. Nonetheless, former slaves were finally free from bondage and servitude. They then lived together and learned to manage themselves as an independent community.