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Public relations and its functions
Definition of public relations by different scholars
Public relations and its functions
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Depending on whom you ask, you will get a different definition of what public relations means. So many definitions go into the term public relations and a series of definitions could be combined to further explain what it really means. The most accurate and put together definition of public relations I ever heard was from Dr. Kevin Trowbridge a public relations professor at Belmont University. He defines public relations as “a management function and a strategic communication process which establishes, maintains or builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and the publics on who their success or failure depends.” I find this definition covering exactly everything that has to do with public relations. Considering this is …show more content…
In Shannon A. Bowen’s article, All glamour, no substance? How public relations majors and potential majors in an exemplar program view the industry and function, she says “Public relations has failed to show its potential as a valuable contributor in society that helps resolve problems through communication.” She believes that there is many things to be valued in the field of public relations but the world does not see it. She goes back in saying that the professors who teach public relations have not practiced public relations so that’s why the value gets lost in the process. Public relations has to go far beyond the classroom and has to be taken seriously in other fields such as government, journalism, and many other industries so the world could see its worth. Bowen believes that “It would help public relations achieve professional status, help it to attract motivated students with appropriate abilities and goals, and assist in its interaction and functional ability within organizations.” If the value of public relations is taught first within the classroom then in other organizations it will have a higher success rate and people would see the
Newsom, D., Turk-Vanslyke, J., & Druckeberg, D. (1996). This is PR: The realities of public relations 6ed. United States: Wadsworth Publishing
Dr. Bob Batchelor, Associate Professor of Public Relations states-“Public Relations is all of organizations relationships with all of its potential audiences. Marketing is the umbrella term used for all communication that goes on in a corporation or organization. Convergence has already taken place and it will continue.
As the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks approaches, it is surprising and somewhat disconcerting that the United States is still struggling with how to employ strategic communication (SC). Many believe the main reason the US is losing the global war of ideas and the war on terror itself is directly related to its inability to effectively communicate and XX. Making gains in the war on terror will not come from kinetic actions alone. “In order to be successful, it’s important for our messages to be coordinated – quick and credible. They must speak to the conscience of people around the world.” Unfortunately, the U.S. military hasn’t been overly successful in this arena. There is much work to be done to improve SC efforts within the Department of Defense (DoD).
Public relations are the practice of distributing the information between an organisation or individual and the public. The aim of PR practitioners by the client is often is to persuade stakeholders, partners, employees, investors and most importantly, the public. The practitioner’s communication stance is reaching the individuals or organisation ultimate goal. However many can examine and scrutinize public relations ethics to assert a PR problem within the industry. All PR organisations and individuals have a code of ethics of which the professionals are expected to follow. Regardless of these guidelines, ethics in individual practices seem to prove continuous and consistent violation worldwide. The James Hardie Industry, a company that is known for knowingly using products that caused thousands of people throughout Australia to grow to become sick and even resulting in death, from its products that produced massive profits is a prime example of the PR problem. However ethical communication and critically reflective practices are procedures that benefit both the public and the organisation when use correctly, opposite to the James Hardie case.
We now live in a liberal democracy were public opinion influences political action. So as public opinion has sustained an influential presence within politics we have now seen the emergence of public relations within politics. According to Moloney public relations is “the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning the understanding, support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain good will and mutual understanding between organisations and its publics” (Moloney, 2:2006). In relation to politics public relations is about maintaining a positive relationship with the public. Public relations main concern in relation to politics would be the reputation and image...
The discipline of public relations is a modern profession which has been in existence for only close to a century; however, it has already taken an important role in the fields of business, government, entertainment and non-profit organizations including educational institutions and healthcare organizations. Public relations professionals are required to have excellent organizational, interpersonal and communication skills and have the ability to persuade the public. It is imperative for PR professionals to effectively communicate with its public in order to establish and maintain a positive relationship. Furthermore, public relations professionals must have the ability to work under pressure and effectively manage crisis which may have detrimental effect on the company and the public it serves. State purpose of paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction
Managing a Crisis Using Public Relations Handling Public Relations for any organization can be very difficult. task in any circumstance - even in simple, non-crisis situations. When a crisis strikes, that's when PR managers really have their work. cut out for them to see. A PR manager must always be prepared for the inevitable crisis to happen because that is when their jobs are really tested by the public and the organization.
Q1. Grunig and Repper (1992) proposed a model of strategic management of public relations. Sung (2004) commented that the model emphasizes Public relations has a significant role in the process of an organization’s strategic management by identifying stakeholders, publics, and issues around the consequences facing the organization.
What is Public Relations (PR)? PR is difficult to define because it encompasses so many areas and today has developed into a multi-million dollar industry influencing all aspects of our lives (Adams et al, 1999). However, it is important to be able to compare and contrast the various definitions in order to have a complete understanding of what public relations is and how it is used. The public is a large population to consider, making it easier to understand why it is so difficult to define PR. Along with a large population come many perceptions, beliefs, ideas, and opinions, all influences on PR. I define public relations as the act/s used by individuals, corporations, and groups to influence ones opinions and/or decisions about a product, idea, person/s, company/s, etc. and the public. Robert L. Heath defines PR as functions of management/supervisors that foster an organization's ability to strategically listen to, appreciate, and respond to those persons who's mutually beneficial relationships with the organization are necessary if it is to achieve its missions and values (Health, 2007)'.
It is said that there is no such thing as failure, instead we have results. This was the idea that gave rise to the start of a company and later shooting of this video, in the outskirts of Addis Ababa in Africa. The video is about a shoe company called oliberte, which prides itself as the first company to be offered a fair trade certification. The founder, Mr. Tal Dehtiar has appreciated and employed great motivation methods in the growth of his company in a challenging environment (Oliberte, 2011). Motivation’s purpose is to initiate, guide and maintain goal oriented behaviors on the person that it is applied to. It can be driven by biological, social, emotional or cognitive forces. People are motivated to behave in a certain way because it is a core creational component of the human race. The two motivational theories that can be seen in this video are Mayo’s theory of human relations and Maslow and Herzberg’s theory of human needs (Latham, 2007).
The history of the career field of public relations all started when Julius Caesar hired a team to persuade the citizens that he was doing a good job running the area. Caesar’s influence led to public relations in the Unite States beginning in the 1800’s. Newspapers ran friendly columns to reward advertisers with “free publicity.” Then, in the 20th century, the official job title of “public relations specialist” came into play. Those first public relations specialists were publicity agents and mostly former journalists (Mogel). Now, having a career in public relations most nearly means that a person has the job of creating publicity for a specific brand or person (Lila B. Stair).
Today, public relations is a complex profession by thousands of thousands of people all the world to practice. Almost all large and small organizations have their own public relations department or they need to outsource their public relations to a company. Public relations practitioners work for schools and universities, companies, governments, professional and trade associations, hospitals, hotels, non-profit charities, and other else more (Grunig, 2001). Therefore, PR is an important department for organizations.
Ethics, as according to Johanessen, Valde, & Whedbee (2008, p. 1) is a study that argues what should be the grounds principles for right and wrong human behaviour. There are public relations scholars from Kruckeberg (1998) have made a point to relate universal ethical values as professional values. It is therefore necessary to integrate these values into the public relations profession. The Institute of Public Relations Singapore (IPRS) has supported this in their code of ethics. A principal stated that, “A member shall conduct his professional activities with respect for the public interest and the interest of the profession.” This means that every decision and strategy that the public relations practitioner should account for their employee, client or community. However, a report done by
Public relations is everywhere today. It is a practice that has become an important aspect of any business venture. Whether an organization is not for profit, for profit, or governmental, they still need and desire to communicate their purpose within the community and public relations allows this to happen. There are several publics in which the PR practitioner must correspond with and each requires a different means of communication. Internal publics are inside the organizations such as clerks, managers, and stockholders. "External publics are those not directly connected to the organization: the press, government, educators, customers, suppliers, and the community" (Seitel, 2004). Each public plays a key role in the PR of the organization. The many functions of PR can also be categorized based on what purpose they serve the organization.
Public relations practitioners are often described as an organization’s voice, positioning messages in the media to ensure the organization is perceived as beneficial, relevant, and credible. According to Zoch and Molleda (2006), this role is defined as “media relations” and is a pivotal aspect of the public relations profession. Two theoretical frameworks, agenda setting and framing are at the core of effective media engagement. Agenda setting is the process determining which social issues dominate public discourse, and framing is the way each issue is presented to the public (Dearing & Rogers, 1996; Hallahan, 1999). First, public relations practitioners use agenda setting to garner media coverage for its organization and its stakeholders