CODING AND UNIT TESTING Programming Principles & Guidelines Coding Definition Coding: Coding is writing a set of instructions in a predetermined sequence(logic) to achieve a functional objective Typically done using one of the high level languages like C, Java, .NET, PHP, C++ Programming: Programming is a systematic approach in Software Engineering which includes Analysis, Design, implementation and maintenance May involve application of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools in one or more activities Coding is a part of programming (implementation), while programming requires much higher competency than coding In this unit, programming term is used to mean coding. Coding Purpose: Implement Design in a best possible way to meet requirements Having clear objectives for coding helps achieve it (Weinberg Experiment) Goals: Write readable code in a structured manner Facilitate ease of understanding & Modification Reduce implementation costs (including later phases) Common Coding Errors: Memory Leaks Memory that is not freed when no longer needed Trying to free an already freed resource NULL referencing Trying to access the contents of a location that is set to NULL Lack of unique addresses Caused by aliasing Array index out of bound Arithmetic exceptions Off by one Starting at 1 when we should start at 0 Enumerated data types Cause overflow and underflow Illegal use of & instead of &&; assignment (=) instead of comparison (==) String handling errors Buffer overflow 1) Structured Programming: A good technique for organizing the code Precursor to Object Oriented Programming Replaces the need for GoTo Statements Supported by all languages A program has a static structure as well as a dynamic structure Stati... ... middle of paper ... ... entire system – hidden Information provided through access functions All possible operations on information - not necessary Makes system maintainable through reduced coupling Helps manage the complexity of software development Ex: Banking – ATM Account details – Account No, Name, contact, address, email, DOB, CustID, UserID, transaction details etc ATM transactions – Acct balance, transactions, UserID, Acct No Display or retrieval of PIN not required Function for change of address not required Programming Principles & Guidelines 3. Programming Practices Control constructs – keep simple Goto: minimize Information hiding User-defined types Nesting – deep nesting versus performance Module size – keep meaningful Module interface – keep simple Side effects – avoid or document properly Robustness – plan for exceptional conditions Exception handling Validating inputs
Information and Software Technology Years 7–10: Syllabus. (2003, June). Retrieved April 10, 2014, from http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_sc/pdf_doc/info_soft_tech_710_syl.pdf
Computer Science is concerned with how computers and its systems work and how they are designed and programmed. It is more than programming. However, programming is the central process of computer science. In the context of school education, programming encourages creativity, logical thinking, and problem-solving.
This Section explains how the basis of programming hasn’t really changed for nearly fifty years; perhaps a few words here and there have been changed, but in essence programming has been kept pretty simple. For example, a program is a set of instructions telling the computer what to do. Programming consists of three foundations, Sequence, decision-making, and repetition. These steps are known as the control flow. A waterfall can be used as an example to have a better understanding of what programming really is. A waterfall that starts at the top and flows directly to the bottom is the sequential control flow, where there is only one path. If the water reaches a point where it will change its direction, this point is referred to as decision. When the flow returns to the top,
...n the cutting edge of technology, design software for computers, and have a wide range of benefits. Computer programming is a pathway to the future.
Computer programming is the process of creating a set of instructions for the computer to follow in order to output the desired results (“What is programming”, n.d.). It is typically used to solve a problem of some type, such as how to allow customers to make purchases online. Two different methods of programming are structured and object-oriented programming. Each method has unique characteristics that make them more useful in solving certain types of problems. Structured programming, for instance, allows programmers to solve a smaller problem more quickly than object-oriented programming might allow, while object-oriented programming allows programmers to reuse their code for multiple programs. There are many differences between these methods
Software development should be based on “the types of theories and practicals that are traditional in the established branches of engineering.” Yet after forty years of currency the phrase ‘software engineering’ still denotes
Computer programming, now a very contemporary work, can date back into the 1800s with the creation of the first analytical machines (Moore). Later, developing into complex algorithms that are used everywhere, we see a piece of modern technology. The history of computer programming, while long, is a very interesting topic that can be easily understood and related back to great inventions that helped change the course of history over the years. Starting with the microchip and leading into devices the size of a pencil that contain more processing power than the room sized computers that were widely used in the late 1960s.
Structured programming is one of the several different ways in which a programming language can be constructed. "It was originally introduced as a means of getting away from the 'spaghetti' code that was used in the early days and to provide some means by which programmers could more easily follow code written by other programmers." (Hendren, 1998) Structured programming is a procedure-oriented method of designing and coding a program.
As we describe a programming language is a formal constructed language designed to exchange instructions with machines. particular to computers , we can use programming languages to create programs to control the behavior of computer or express algorithms . we use programming languages to behave external computer components such as printers , scanners etc. since the past many of programming languages had been creating mainly in the computer field and most of them have been creating every year .
The field of Computer Science is based primarily on computer programing. Programming is the writing of computer programs using letters and numbers to make "code". The average computer programer will write at least a million lines of code in his or her lifetime. But even more important than writting code, a good programer must be able to solve problems and think logicaly.
Long, L., & Long, N. (2004) Introduction to Computers Information Systems. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. ( 200). Fundamentals of information systems second edition. 2nd ed. : Course Technology.
Computer programmers have a wide range on what they can do. Computer programmers write the detailed list of instructions the computer will follow in the software (Great Sample Resume). This is also called “coding.” Programmers test their software, or other peoples, to see if it works properly (Career Cruising). Programmers study the tasks that the program will need to complete while being used (Career Cruising). If programmers are working to make a program for a certain group of people, they may work closely with those who are requiring the program (Career Cruising).
Like human languages, programming languages have different levels of writing difficulty; some are easy to write, while others require extensive computer knowledge to understand. In programming, high-level languages are easier to understand, learn and write because of the use of natural language. But, as the use of natural language decreases and more words and computer statements are added, the difficulty level of language increases. This process eventually stops when we get to the lowest level of programming languages, machine language or Assembly language. This language strictly deals with solving problems using hardware, thus, requiring extensive knowledge of hardware and well as software to effectively write programs.
In the 20th century, meaningful education was all about learning ABCs and 123s whereas now it is all about learning programming languages. We are surrounded by the things that are programmed to make our work easier. Without programming, the mobiles that we use would have been reduced to small bricks. Like our heart keeps us alive, in the same way, programming brings all the hardware to life.