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The cause and effects of reformation
Factors that led to the Lutheran Reformation
The period of reformation and its impact
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There are not many direct parallels between the Pre-Reformation Church and the field of journalism. The strongest relation between the two would be their purpose is to share the news. In the Church, members share the good news of Christ.“And he said to them, “Go into all the world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation,” Mark 16:15. In Journalism, writers share the news of their community, their country and the world. The practice of recording news events and publishing documents pertaining those details to a community of people did not begin until the 1600’s in Germany. The German-language Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien was published in 1605 and is often credited as the first official newspaper. Political pamphleteering did not begin until the 1700’s in England. Since the reformation began in 1517, much of the pre-reformation church has no direct connection to public journalists. In terms of commonality however, journalism and the reformation are both products of similar historical occurrences. Generally speaking both the reformation and citizen journalism are social constructs that are an attempt to dismantle tyranny and protect liberty. The pre-reformation church had a top-down organizational style with a small amount of people at the top holding a majority of the power …show more content…
This gave the citizens the ability share information about politics and their community without being restricted by the government. Therefore the actions of the government, to an extent could not be hidden. The reformation followed a similar path. Because Martin Luther believed a portion of the churches practices were corrupt, He established a new set of theories of how to more effectively and more spiritually practice Christianity without the oppressive guiding hand of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman
At the start of the 20th century, journalists had begun to play an important role in exposing wrongdoings within politics and society. These journalists, often called muckrakers, used their journalism to focus on political flaws and corruption in city governments. Several popular publishers adopted this form of journalism, which became widely popular
The Reformation was full of war and inventions that many had never seen before, affecting the religious and social political systems in positive and negative ways. The first event in the Reformation was the Printing Press. The Printing Press enabled the circulation of the bible, starting the spread of Christianity and the Catholics. The Printing Press was created by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450. Before the Printing Press the bible had to be printed by hand, which meant that the copies had to be written word for word. Because they had to be written word for word only the important people had them such as Popes and other religious leaders. Therefore everyone would gather together somewhere and listen to the one man with the bible preach the word. This limited some from learning the word because of the language barrier. At the time all the bibles printed where in the Latin language. So they had a translator and copies of the bible in many other languages. Technological advantages of the 15th century enabled the spread of the word all over Europe, serving as a catalyst for reform leaders of the 16th century.
Broadcast journalism is defined as, “a field of news and journals which are ‘broadcast’, that is, published by electrical methods, instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters,” (“Broadcast Journalism”). Edward R. Murrow was one of the first true broadcast journalists. Although newspapers and journalists had been around for quite some time, radio and television were relatively new fields of technology, and a new way of presenting the news had to be adapted. Murrow’s first experience with broadcast journalism came to be when he started reporting from England during World War II. Although the radio was certainly not new when Murrow began reporting from it, it was the first time it was used as a substantial news source (Bernstein). Before this time, average citizens mainly tuned in to hear the headlines or to listen to nightly entertaining radio shows as it provided an escape from the bleakness of the Great Depressi...
...ning of one small but powerful man, Martin Luther. Luther was a holy person himself and he began noticing the corruption in the Church. He tolerated everything till the last straw in which he saw a priest, Johann Tetzel selling indulgences. Tetzel said that for a certain amount of money, he said that he would assure their entry to heavens and as well as their dead relatives as well. This final outrage lead Luther into writing his 95 theses about indulgences. This would lead to the questioning of the Church and soon it would lead to the exposure of the Church throughout Europe by one powerful weapon that Luther had. And that was the printing press. Within a few nights, all of europe came to know the truth about the Church and many people were happy that finally, someone had told everyone about how the Church really was. Many changes occurred during this period.
During the reign of King Richard II "England was experiencing her first serious outbreak of heresy for nearly a millennium." This widespread heresy, known as Lollardy, held the reformation of the Catholic Church as its main motivation, and was based upon the ideas of John Wyclif, an Oxford scholar. "All kinds of men, not only in London but in widely-separated regions of the country, seized the opportunity to voice criticisms both constructive and destructive of the present state of the Church." While commoners protested and pressed for reform, going so far as to present their manifesto, the "Twelve Conclusions," to Parliament, members of the royal household were protecting John Wyclif and his ideas, John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III, and Joan of Kent, the widowed Princess of Wales, "by whose influence he was protected from ultimate disgrace (such as excommunication)," were Wyclif's supporters and protectors.
Throughout Chapter 5 of “Covering America” by Christopher Daly, there were a few newspapers that changed journalism. The St. Louis Dispatch, the World, and The Examiner played a major role in journalism and set themselves apart from other previous newspapers. Joseph Pulitzer started both the St. Louis Dispatch and the World. According to Daly, Pulitzer used his paper to, “crusade against
The reformation is generally associated with the publication of Martin Luther ninety five theses. It was his way to show the protest against the “business” made on religious people: the Holy Roman Empire was earning money on selling people indulgences. Martin Luther got the support of German princes, who were on the same side, but with different motives (they wanted to get autonomy). Luther was the great part of reformation, his influence was immediate, and people listened to him. One of the immediate effects of reformation can be observed in the development of that times writers. For example, Francois Rabelais satirized church, writing about their “business” in humorous way. The other writers, like Erasmus wrote more specifically about the pappy and their role in the lives of ordinary Christians. The major short term of reformation was about the informational acknowledgement, Luther told people the truth about the papacy and their actions, and the reaction of people was immediate: the loss of respect to church, papacy. These results were really strong, because people felt that, all the dogmas...
Hartmann, John: The Use of Propaganda in the Reformation & Counter – Reformation. Yale Divinity School. Available: http://www.people.vcu.edu/~jahartmann/images/Propaganda_in_the_Reformation.pdf
The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant challenges by purifying itself of the abuse and corruption in the administration of the Church that had opened the way to revolt, this was known as the counter-reformation. Therefore, Luther and the other reformers with the power of the printing press it helped to spread their ideas to a wide audience. The reformation era is the most important period in the entire history of Roman Catholicism. It helped to reform the beliefs and values of the Roman Catholic
Public journalism has changed much during its existence. Papers are striving to actively involve readers in the news development. It goes beyond telling the news to embrace a broader mission of improving the quality of public life. The American style of journalism is based on objectivity and separates us from the bias found in most European partisan papers. American journalism is becoming too vigilant in being objective that the dedication to investigating stories tends to be missing in the writing. Public journalism works to incorporate concepts from partisan and objective writing to increase the flow of information and improve the quality of public life.
The first is the crisis of viability. The chance of success in the journalism in the mainstream is approaching a decline due to the transformations in technologies and new access to multiple sources of information. The second is a crisis in civic adequacy. The contributions of journalism to citizenship and democracy have begun to shift and this shift has caused a question of the relevancy of journalism to democratic processes. In a democratic society journalism plays the role of the government watchdog. The effectiveness of society’s watchdog is now being challenged and in turn alternating the structure of the current democratic society. Many critical theorists of the press during the beginning of the 20th century were concerned with finding appropriate forms of public regulation of the press and journalism to ensure that journalists are writing “news and information about public affairs which sustains and nurtures citizen information, understanding and engagement and thereby a democratic polity” (Cushion and Franklin, 2015: 75) (Dahlgren, Splichal 2016). Journalism is a political entity that influences and informs the public. It is meant to work as a source of public information that helps and does not hinder the general public specifically in political processes. The article
In order to understand new media, one must first have a solid background of the old media. The old media traces its origins back to the “elite or partisan press [that] dominated American journalism in the early days of the republic” (Davis 29). With the advent of the penny press around 1833, the press changed its basic purpose and function from obtaining voters for its affiliated political party to making profit (Davis 29). With more available papers, individual companies competed with each other with “muckraking journalism”—investigative journalism exposing corruption—and “yellow journalism”—sensationalist journalism that completely disregarded the facts (Davis 30). The press continued to evolve its journalistic approaches and next shifted to “lapdog journalism,” r...
...ccording to Sambrook (2005), participatory journalism which covers the news might be used sometimes by traditional media for instance, networked journalism took part in the coverage of the terrorism attack that occurred in London with BBC channel by sharing 1000 photos, 20 videos, 20,000 email and 4,000 text messages within the first 6 hours and their media were used to make the headlines news in the major news channel. Moreover, another example is the earth quick in Haiti which was covered by citizen journalists who used the internet to show the world the horrible situation by publishing a lot of pictures (Barnes 2012). These evidence show that the rapid spreading of the news by citizen journalism can provide instant news coverage. Improving democratization of society and increase the speed of news are great deal of advantages to public journalism.
Journalism is type of writing that investigates and includes lots of research of good and bad stories and some events. Journalists tend to write news stories that people should know about and haven’t already heard. Journalism comes in different categories; some are reporters, writers, editors, and photographers. People who tend to like journalism are those who love language and enjoying writing and reading, are called journalist; they work as reporters at newspapers, magazines, websites, TV stations, and radio stations. Good journalists love to read and want to find out what is going on around them and the world. They write short and long stories as they must write true stories. Journalists write stories that are from real people and they make the stories real too. People are not interested in reading newspapers now as much as they used to long time ago. These days’ people carry news on their iPods, cell phones, laptops, and more. They can even watch them on TV. A long time ago people knew the news through newspapers or the rich would have a radio which was the only way to know what is going in the world, but now news are everywhere.
Journalism: a profession under pressure? Journal of Media Business Studies, 6, 37-59. Scannell, P. (1995). The 'Secondary'. Social aspects of media history, Unit 9 of the MA in Mass. Communications (By Distance Learning).