With climate change becoming an important and highly debated topic in recent years, it seems that the definition of climate has been skewed to best fit each individual’s opinion on what is actually happening with Earth’s climate currently. The exact definition of climate as defined by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) is “a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other variables in a given
The National Climate Change Technology Initiative (NCCTI) On June 11, 2001, in combination with his creation of the U.S Climate Research Initiative, President Bush stated that the United States is a world leader in technology and innovation and new technologies can offer a great advance towards climate change. As a result, Bush created a complement to the Climate Change Research Initiative (CCRI), called the National Climate Change Technology Initiative (NCCTI). The goal of NCCTI was to
Introduction Climate change is the most important issue in the 21st century .Over the past few years, researches have been carefully examining the ways that people and nature effect the environment. Environment is everything that makes up our surrounding and affects our ability to live on earth such as water, air and land. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions which provide conditions for development and growth. The World Commission on Environment and Development
feeling that climate change may be an issue as severe as a war. It may be necessary to put democracy on hold for a while." - James Lovelock (Hickman, 2010) Climate change is a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, mostly due to the increase in the average atmospheric temperature (global warming). According to National Snow & Ice Data Center (2012), the most commonly used definition of climate change is a change in the statistical
Climate refers to the weather conditions that occur and prevail in particular regions over an extended period of time. Climate change is the change in the properties of the climate system, referring to significant changes in its mean state, and in its variability and extremes (VijayaVenkataRaman S, Iniyan S, Goic R, 2012). Changes in climate can occur naturally due to internal and external processes, or can occur due to anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere and anthropogenic
increasingly certain that climate change will have severe adverse effects on the environment in years to come. Addressing this issue poses a serious challenge for policy makers. How we choose to respond to the threat of global warming is not simply a political issue. It is also an economic issue and an ethical one. Responsible, effective climate change policy requires consideration of a number of complex factors, including weighing the costs of implementing climate change policies against the benefits
This research evaluates the requirement of changing in reservoirs rule curve under climate change condition. The proposed framework for evaluating adaptation of reservoirs rule curve to climate change consists of three sub models: LARS-WG, artificial neural network and dynamic programming model. Finally, the optimized rule curve and volumetric reliability index of Shahcheraghi Reservoir for the baseline and future period were developed. The results showed that non-adapted rule curve reduces the volumetric
argues that identifiable consequences of climate change are substantial to understand climatic events (Ingersol, 1899 p.270 cited in Burroughs, 2007). The term ‘climate change’ indicates the statistically long – term period environmental deviation of the global atmosphere including the averages state of the climate or natural climate variability (the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Chang (IPCC), 2007). During the past historical and recent decades, climate change and the Earth’s responses illustrate
Introduction Adaptation and mitigation are two terms that may have very different meanings but in regards to climate change, are inherently interwoven. Mitigation refers to reducing the extent of climate change, and slow the process. A simple strategy of climate change mitigation, is to plant trees to absorb CO2 from the air. Adaptation involves efforts to limit human’s vulnerability to climate change impacts through various measures. Humans can adapt through building modifications and technology
deforestation, degradation and climate change Deforestation: It implies the long term permanent loss of forest cover and implies transformation into another land use. Such a loss can only be caused and maintained by a continued human-induced or natural perturbation (FAO, 2001). Forest degradation: The long term reduction of the overall potential supply of benefits from the forest, which includes carbon, wood, biodiversity and other goods and services (FAO, 2003). Climate change: It refers to a statistically