6 CLIMATE Local hydro-meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, sunshine, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity, precipitation, etc.), and hence water availability, are influenced by the climate. Climate (or climatological normal) is a measure of the average pattern of the meteorological variables over a particular region and over a time period, usually 30-years. Discussions on the climate, in the context of water availability, include climate variability and climate change (or global warming)

What is Climate Change?? According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007), Climate change constitutes a change in the state of the climate that can be identified using statistical tests to examine changes in the mean or the variability of its properties that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer. Rachel Hauser et al (2009) put forward that climate change affects temperature averages and extremes, water availability, the range of pests and diseases infestations, extreme

CP-KNN: Seasonal to Inter – annual Climate Prediction using Data Mining KNN technique. The impact of seasonal to inter – annual climate prediction on the society, business, agriculture and almost all aspect of human life enforce the scientist to give proper attention to the matter. The last few years show tremendous achievements in this field. All systems, techniques developed so far, use the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) as a main factor among other seasonal climatic attributes. The statistical

With climate change becoming an important and highly debated topic in recent years, it seems that the definition of climate has been skewed to best fit each individual’s opinion on what is actually happening with Earth’s climate currently. The exact definition of climate as defined by the American Meteorological Society (AMS) is “a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other variables in a given

Tanzania's Climate Tanzania represents a wealth of ecological diversity, ethnic diversity, and geographical diversity. It contains both the tallest mountain in Africa as well as the largest lake, and is a tourist hotspot for safaris and expeditions to Mt. Kilimanjaro. The citizens of Tanzania are utterly dependent on the weather for their two major businesses, agriculture and tourism. Thus, the climate of Tanzania is worth examining in greater detail. Tanzania has two distinct seasons, wet

As the world becomes continually warmer, the effect of climate change in the arctic regions becomes more intense. Within the past 50 years, arctic regions in Canada have experienced warming of 2 to 3 degrees Celsius (Fergal & Prowse, 2007). One of the most important areas in the Canadian arctic is the Cryosphere (Appendix A), which is the area consisting of season snow cover, permafrost glaciers, and sea ice (Fergal & Prowse, 2007). This area is significant because it has provided a stabilized surface

Australian Climate Australian Climate Zones When looking at the climate of Australia, we can break up the continent into three basic areas of climate. The tropical region containing the northern peninsulas of Australia, as well as the city of Darwin, is hot and extremely wet. Average maximum temperatures range from 30 - 39°C with an average annual rainfall of up to 400 cm. The tropical north is covered with rainforests and is regularly hit by tropical monsoons, hence the extreme amount of

Ocean and Climate The ocean and its massive flow of water or currents are vital to how the heat energy moves between the Earth’s bodies of water, landforms and atmosphere. The ocean is a crucial factor in the storage and transfer of heat energy across the earth. The movement of heat through the ocean currents affects the regulation of weather conditions and temperature extremes. The global climate is directly impacted by the ocean’s current. “The ocean covers more than 71 percent of the Earth’s

Group Climate Group climate consists of the overall sentiment that is displayed within a group. This includes the aspects of honesty, openness, consistency and respect according to “Teamwork” by Lefasto and Larson. When evaluating the characteristics of group climate in a team, the most prevalent component to examine is trust. Trust yields respect, acknowledgement, cohesiveness, a bridge between cultural differences and above all else, sensitivity to ideas being expressed so a consensus can be reached

Climate is the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years (Dictionary.com). The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, e.g., carbon dioxide CO2 and Methane CH4, have increased since the pre-industrial era due to human activities. Primarily, this