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Aristotle's tragedy definition
Analysis of the character of Othello
Analysis of the character of Othello
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According to Aristotle’s six ideas about tragedy, Othello is an example of a tragic hero. It is uncanny how Othello fits into Aristotle’s basic ideas regarding the tragic hero. The first idea of Aristotle is how the character is of noble stature and also has greatness. For example, when Iago talks to Othello about Brabantio’s accusations of Othello and how Othello just wants money, Othello states that he also comes from a royal and noble family (1.2.20-22) Othello’s title, the general of the Venetian army, fits well as Othello trained and worked hard for it. His characteristics of humbleness appear when he says that he dislikes bragging about his noble ancestry. Aristotle’s second idea also describes Othello. Othello’s military expertise is …show more content…
He is shown with flaws like the everyday man. Aristotle’s third idea is the downfall of the hero and how it is he/she is at fault. It is the result of free choice and not an overriding of fate. The tragedy is triggered by lack of judgment or the character flaw in Aristotle’s second idea. For instance, when Othello confesses his thoughts regarding Desdemona and Cassio to Desdemona before killing her (5.2.60-64), it is clear that this judgment is clouded. His error of judgment and his jealousy motivate him to kill Desdemona. His stubbornness of only taking Iago’s word and not taking into consideration that Desdemona and Cassio were not sleeping together, is a lack of judgment and his perfection. Aristotle’s fourth idea was how the tragic hero did not deserve his/her malignant fate. For example, Othello, in act 1, 2, and 3, is shown as brave, courageous, and kind. After Iago uses his image as trustworthy and as an honest man to poison Othello’s mind with ideas of Cassio and Desdemona sleeping together, Othello changes his personality and becomes engulfed in jealousy and feelings of
Northrop Frye once said, “Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscape that they seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them, great trees more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass. Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divisive lightning.” Othello is the pillar of tragic heros, first playing the part of a loving husband with a beautiful wife, then being manipulated into believing his wife was cheating on him and killing her. Throughout the play, he played the part of the protagonist, everyone hoping he would figure out Iago was lying to him. Othello being the protagonist made the fact he was also a villain bittersweet. His apparent love for his wife Desdemona, his ‘just’ reasoning for killing her, and Iago’s deserving end all contribute to the tragic work as a whole.
Othello as A Tragedy of Outsiders The most obvious way of being an outsider in Othello is through being a foreigner, and a non-Venetian. Othello and Cassio are both outsiders in this sense, Othello is a black man, a "Moor", and Cassio is a "Florentine". Othello begins in Venice, in Shakespeare's time the great commercial centre of the western world. Venice was the place of great hustle and bustle, merchants and tradesmen from other lands were commonplace, and yet we see throughout the play how Othello and Cassio are ridiculed. Cassio is degraded as he is from Florence; Iago calls him "a great arithmetician".
Aristotle’s concept of the tragic hero and that a hero must meet the following definition, (1) must be a noble man, prince, or person of high estate, (2) have a tragic flaw or a weakness in judgment and (3) fall from high to low estate. When Shakespeare wrote about Othello, he envisioned an exotic figure, a North African man, well-educated and although raised in the Muslim faith he converted to Christianity as an adult. Reference to Othello as a “Valiant Hero” (I.iii.49) by the majority of other characters makes his nobility indisputable Regardless of his nobility, seniority, wealth, and accomplishments; Othello was an outsider in Venice. Before the reader is introduced to Othello, he is obscurely referred to as he or him and is also called “the Moor” (I.i.57), “the thick-lips” (I.i.66); which are all names implying that Othello is dark skinned. He was admired and valued for his military genius, yet his “distinction’ evoked curiosity,...
Aristotle continued to express a tragedy arouses both pity and fear, pity for the doomed hero and fear for all humans who are subject to the same forces and weakness. It would not be difficult to discover that Othello demonstrate weakness and fear in the play, and Shak...
How Othello Follows the Rules of Tragedy Tragedy is not just simply one sad event, in ancient Greek plays and in Shakespeare's tragedies it usually follows a number of common ingredients or rules. Firstly it involves a conspicuous or exceptional personality. For example in the occurrence of Princess Diana's death she was the exceptional character. She was a woman who had done an astonishing amount of work for charities and a Princess. The second rule of tragedy is that it must be unexpected and constructed with previous happiness or glory.
In The Tragedy of Othello, William Shakespeare tells the tale of the “noble Moor” whose honor and innocence bring about his downfall. Shakespeare writes of the power of jealousy, and the art of masterful deception and trickery. The story primarily takes place in Cyprus, during a war between the people of Venice and the invading Turks. In this play Shakespeare shows the feelings of Othello’s embittered right-hand man of, Iago, who feels he is passed over for a promotion and swears his revenge. He proceeds to manipulate his friends, enemies, and family into doing his bidding without any of them ever realizing his ultimate goal. He makes Othello believe that his new wife, the innocent Desdemona, is committing adultery with his newly promoted officer Michael Cassio. After this seed of jealousy has been planted, Othello’s mind takes its course in determining the true outcome, with a little more nudging from Iago. The course of action he proceeds to follow is one that not only ends his own life, but also the life of his wife and others. In Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Othello, Othello is a man who is still truly honorable, despite the course of action he takes to resolve his perceived problem.
The situation can be broken down into two parts: one with Iago bringing out all of Othello’s insecurities with his wife and also with Othello acting on his doubts to kill Desdemona. This action, killing Desdemona, makes Othello a tragic figure in this script because he killed the wife he loved so much; without knowing she was innocent. This tragic role of the main character in Shakespeare’s drama is quite common, even in a different drama, “Macbeth”, the original protagonist would succumb to internal conflicts. “the tragic hero—a man (Macbeth) of fundamental goodness whose inherent weakness results from an arrogant sense of self-sufficiency” (Conlin 15). This role of a tragic hero strikes Othello when his inherent weakness, jealousy, overcomes him as he murders
The first rule that is met in Shakespeare’s play is that Othello is considered a tragic hero, which every tragedy must contain. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must be a man in a position of power who is a good person and makes a mistake during the timeline of the play due to a tragic flaw. Othello’s major flaw can be seen as jealousy: “Othello has often been described as a tragedy of character, as the play’s protagonist swiftly descends into a rage of jealousy. that completely destroys his life”("Othello"). Othello is shown to be a good man within the first few scenes of the play: “She wished she had not heard it; yet she wished that heaven had made her such a man” (1.3.162-163).
Texts and their appropriations reflect the context and values of their times. Within Shakespeare’s Othello and Geoffrey Sax’s appropriation of Othello, the evolution of the attitudes held by Elizabethan audiences and those held by contemporary audiences can be seen through the context of the female coupled with the context of racism. The role of the female has developed from being submissive and “obedient” in the Elizabethan era to being independent and liberated within the contemporary setting. The racism of the first text is overtly xenophobic and natural, whilst the “moor” is unnatural whereas the updated context portrays Othello’s race as natural and racism as unnatural. Therefore these examples show how Shakespeare’s Othello, and it’s appropriation, Geoffrey sax’s Othello, reflect the context and values of their times.
Tragedy is an intrinsically human concept; tragic heroes are damned by what they themselves do. Othello is not so much felled by the actions of Iago, but by a quality all people possess-- human frailty. Accordingly, Othello is not a victim of consequences, but an active participant in his downfall. He is not merely a vehicle for the machinations of Iago; he had free agency. Othello's deficiencies are: an insecure grasp of Venetian social values; lack of critical intelligence, self-knowledge, and faith in his wife; and finally, insecurity-- these are the qualities that lead to his own downfall.
due to his race are vast, for example at the start of the play when
The Tragedy of Othello William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, from the sixteenth century is an excellent example of Renaissance humanism. “A poet of unparalleled genius, Shakespeare emerged during the golden age of England under the rule of Elizabeth I.”(Fiero 3:98) He produced comedies, tragedies, romances and histories. According to Webster’s pocket dictionary, a tragedy is defined as a form of drama in which the protagonist comes to a disaster, as through a flaw in character, and in which the ending is usually marked by pity or sorrow. I would like to concentrate on the character Iago and the theme of deceit.
One of the first impressions gained of Othello is that he is a great war hero. Before much else is said of him, tales of his skill and valor in battle are illustrated and he is shown to be a great and famed warrior. He naturally possesses many attributes typically associated with soldiers. From the beginning Othello is noble, quick to act, judicious, trusting, and gives much weight to the importance of duty. These are all traits that serve to make him great at the beginning of the play, and later, ironically become key elements in his downfall. These aspects can be considered the internal causes of Othello’s tragic flaw. “Othello's nature is all of one piece. His trust, where he trusts, is absolute…. Love, if he loves, must be to him the heaven where either he must leave or bear no life. If such a passion as jealousy seizes him, it will swell into a well-night incontrollable flood.” Othello is pure an...
Even though Othello trusted Iago, he did not once think about Desdemona’s faithfulness and that Iago might just be completely lying. I’ll not expostulate with her. ”(IV.i.206-208) It shows that he came to a quick and poor conclusion to kill Desdemona. Othello having poor judgment lead him to trust the wrong people and when he finally realized this, it lead to his demise. The third trait in Othello that led to his downfall was his jealousy and obsession with Desdemona.
Aristotle is one of the most important western philosophers in history that has influenced our society in many aspects. Many of Aristotle’s teachings have affected our world for many years and still continue to have such a big impact. Some of the subjects Aristotle has influenced include: logic, physics, government and poetry. Aristotle’s study of poetry mainly focused on the elements to a good tragedy. Some of his elements have been used in Greek tragedies and modern movies. The Greek play, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men, use elements from Aristotle philosophy, while using similar and different techniques but both achieving an effective tragedy.